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Asymmetric interaction will facilitate the evolution of cooperation

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 1041-1046页

作者： WANG RuiWu1, HE JunZhou1,2, WANG YaQiang1,2, SHI Lei1,3 & LI YaoTang1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, kunming 650223, china 2 School of mathematics and {4., Yunnan university, kunming 650091, china 3 statistics and mathematics college, Yunnan university of finance and economics, kunming 650221, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. School of Mathematics and Statistics Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China3. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science. The classical theories of cooperation suggest that cooperation equilibrium or evolutionary stable strategy between partners can be maintained through genetic similarity or reciprocity relatedness. These classical theories are based on an assumption that partners interact symmetrically with equal payoffs in a game of cooperation interaction. However, the payoff between partners is usually not equal and therefore they often interact asymmetrically in real cooperative systems. With the Hawk–Dove model, we find that the probability of cooperation between cooperative partners will depend closely on the payoff ratio. The higher the payoff ratio between recipients and cooperative actors, the greater will be the probability of cooperation interaction between involved partners. The greatest probability of conflict between cooperative partners will occur when the payoff between partners is equal. The results show that this asymmetric relationship is one of the key dynamics of the evolution of cooperation, and that pure cooperation strategy (i.e., Nash equilibrium) does not exist in asymmetrical cooperation systems, which well explains the direct conflict observed in almost all of the well documented cooperation systems. The model developed here shows that the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation is also negatively correlated with the probability of cooperation interaction. A smaller cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation might be created by the limited dispersal ability or exit cost of the partners involved, and it will make the punishment of the non-cooperative individuals by the recipient more credible, and therefore make it more possible to maintain stable cooperation interaction.

关键词： Hawk–Dove game evolutionarily stable strategy asymmetric cooperation mixed strategy Nash equilibrium

Checking for normality in linear mixed models

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Science china mathematics 2012年第4期55卷 787-804页

作者： WU Ping 1,,ZHU LiXing 2,3 & FANG Yun 4.1 School of finance and statistics,East china Normal university,Shanghai 20024.,{4. 2 School of statistics and mathematics,Yunnan university of finance and economics,Yunnan 650221,{4. 3 The Department of mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist university,Hong Kong 999077,{4. 4.mathematics and Science college,Shanghai Normal university,Shanghai 200234.{4. 1. School of finance and statistics East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China2. School of Statistics and Mathematics Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Yunnan 650221 China3. The Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong 999077 China4. Mathematics and Science College Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China

Linear mixed models are popularly used to fit continuous longitudinal data, and the random effects are commonly assumed to have normal distribution. However, this assumption needs to be tested so that further analysis can be proceeded well. In this paper, we consider the Baringhaus-Henze-Epps-Pulley （BHEP） tests, which are based on an empirical characteristic function. Differing from their case, we consider the normality checking for the random effects which are unobservable and the test should be based on their predictors. The test is consistent against global alternatives, and is sensitive to the local alternatives converging to the null at a certain rate arbitrarily close to 1/V~ where n is sample size. ^-hlrthermore, to overcome the problem that the limiting null distribution of the test is not tractable, we suggest a new method： use a conditional Monte Carlo test （CMCT） to approximate the null distribution, and then to simulate p-values. The test is compared with existing methods, the power is examined, and several examples are applied to illustrate the usefulness of our test in the analysis of longitudinal data.

关键词： linear mixed models estimated best linear unbiased predictors BHEP tests conditional MonteCarlo test

Suspended sediment flux of river:Wavelet analysis in the Panlong basin of the Upper Red River (Honghe River),china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A02期52卷 172-179页

作者： DING WenRong~(1,2+) ZHOU Yue~(1,3) L XiXi~4.1 The Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering,kunming university of Science and Technology,kunming 650093,china 2 {4. of Tourism and Geography Science,Yunnan Normal university,kunming 650092,china 3 Yunnan university of finance and economics,kunming 650221,china 4.Department of Geography,National university of Singapore 119260,Singapore Univ Sci and Technol Kumasi Fac Environm Sci and Engn Kunming 650093 Peoples R China.

这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势，多时间规模变化，在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征，中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ～ 1997 增加了，但是自从 1998，衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征... 详细信息

这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势，多时间规模变化，在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征，中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ～ 1997 增加了，但是自从 1998，衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征和变化在不同时间时期改变了。三周期的时间规模， 4. 7 和 22 年，被决定。22 年的周期的时间规模，是在三次规模之中的最明显的，通过整个研究时期延长了，而第 4.a 7 年的时间规模在某些时间时期仅仅是明显的。分别地有 27 次越过 4.年的时间规模，越过 7 年的时间规模的 16 次和越过 22 年的时间规模的 5 次的突然的变化。根据统计的聚会和气候数据分析，我们断定人的活动是导致了多时间规模的 SSF，而是特征的变化趋势的主要原因，周期、突然的变化被气候变化主要影响。

关键词：河流中国红河微波分析

The evolution of cooperation in asymmetric systems

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 139-149页

作者： WANG RuiWu1 & SHI Lei2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science,kunming 650223,china 2 statistics and {4. college,Yunnan university of finance and economics,kunming 650221,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the "Tragedy of the Commons" of the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social *** interaction,which is one of the most important characteristics of cooperative systems,has not been sufficiently considered in the existing models of the evolution of *** the inequality in the number and payoff between the cooperative actors and recipients in cooperation systems,discriminative density-dependent interference competition will occur in limited dispersal *** model and simulation show that the local but not the global stability of a cooperative interaction can be maintained if the utilization of common resource remains unsaturated,which can be achieved by density-dependent restraint or competition among the cooperative *** intense density dependent interference competition among the cooperative actors and the ready availability of the common resource,with a higher intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,will increase the probability of *** cooperation between the recipient and the cooperative actors can be transformed into conflict and,it oscillates chaotically with variations of the affecting factors under different environmental or ecological *** higher initial relatedness(*** to kin or reciprocity relatedness),which is equivalent to intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,can be selected for by penalizing less cooperative or cheating actors but rewarding cooperative individuals in asymmetric *** initial relatedness is a pivot but not the aim of evolution of *** explains well the direct conflict observed in almost all cooperative systems.

关键词： cooperation altruism density dependent tragedy of the commons oscillation chaos asymmetric interaction interference competition

Almost sure central limit theorems for random functions

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Science china mathematics 2006年第12期49卷 1788-1799页

作者： LU Chuanrong, QIU Jin & XU Jianjun School of mathematics and statistics, Zhejiang university of finance and {4., Hangzhou 310018, china Department of mathematics, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310028, china 1. School of mathematics and statistics Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Hangzhou 310018 China 2. Department of mathematics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China

Let {Xn,-∞< n <∞} be a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with EX1 = 0, EX12 = 1 and let Sn =∑k=1∞Xk, and Tn = Tn(X1,…,Xn) be a random function such that Tn = ASn + Rn, where supn E|... 详细信息

Let {Xn,-∞statistics, Von-Mises statistics, linear processes, moving average processes, error variance estimates in linear models, power sums, product-limit estimators of a continuous distribution, product-limit estimators of a quantile function, etc.

关键词： statistics,random function,almost sure central limit theorem,logarithm average.

The Fourier Transformations of Positive Distributions on Lorentz Group SO(3,1)

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2001年第3期6卷 631-642页

作者： Zhu Li college of mathematics and statistics, Wuhan university, Wuhan 4.0072,{4. Wuhan university College of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***)

With the aid of Plancherel-Godement Theorem, we prove that every positive distributionT onSO (3, 1) which is bi-invariant underSO(3) corresponds to a measure μ on ω=∝σC|s(2-s)>=0∝, and μ can be decomposed intoμ... 详细信息

关键词： K-bi-in-invariant positive distribution spherical Fourier transformation Laplace-Beltrami operator

The Relations Among Various Markov Chains

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2001年第3期6卷 643-648页

作者： Hu Di\|he college of mathematics and statistics,Wuhan university, Wuhan 4.0072,{4. Wuhan university College of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***)

Some basic equations and the relations among various Markov chains are established. These works are the bases in the investigation of the theory of Markov chain in random environment.

关键词： Hopf Markov chain Markov chain in random environment skew product Markov chain sample Markov chain in random environment

Asymptotic normality and strong consistency of maximum quasi-likelihood estimates in generalized linear models

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Science china mathematics 2006年第2期49卷 145-157页

作者： YIN Changming, ZHAO Lincheng & WEI Chengdong School of mathematics and Information Science, Guangxi university, Manning 530004. china Department of statistics and {4., university of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 230026, china Department of mathematics, Guangxi Teacher college, Manning 530001, china 1. School of mathematics and Information Science Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China 2. Department of statistics and finance University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China 3. Department of mathematics Guangxi Teacher College Nanning 530001 China

In a generalized linear model with q x 1 responses, the bounded and fixed (or adaptive) p × q regressors Zi and the general link function, under the most general assumption on the minimum eigenvalue of ZiZ'i,the moment condition on responses as weak as possible and the other mild regular conditions, we prove that the maximum quasi-likelihood estimates for the regression parameter vector are asymptotically normal and strongly consistent.

关键词： generalized linear models quasi-likelihood estimates asymptotic normality strong consistency.

On the Normal Criterion of Quasimeromorphic Mappings

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2001年第3期6卷 621-625页

作者： Deng Fang\|wen college of mathematics and statistics, Wuhan university, Wuhan 4.0072,{4. Wuhan university College of Mathematics and Statitics Wuhan China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***)

In this paper, we generalize an, inequality of meromorphic mappings to quasimeromorphic ones. Applying the results here, we can establish a normal criterion of quasimeromorphic mappings.

关键词： quasimeromorphic mapping covering surface normal criterion