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Thin bed responses and correction methods for cased hole density logging

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petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 322-325页

作者： Wu Wensheng Zhang Yuling state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China china National Logging Corporation CNPC Beijing 100101 China

The study of the thin bed responses and correction methods in cased hole density logging can provide a theoretical basis for research to improve data processing methods. By using the Monte Carlo program MCNP, the change of detector count from thin beds with the vertical depth was calculated at different casing thicknesses. The calculation showed that with the low density thin bed moving upward, detector count first increased to a maximum then decreased. The responses of a thin bed with a high density were opposite to those of a thin bed with a low density. The change curve was symmetrical, and the maximums or minimums appeared at the midpoint between the detector and source. Besides, detector count increased with increasing thin bed thickness. At a specific thin bed thickness, further increase of thin bed thickness resulted in a slow increase of detector count then the count rate leveled off. In actual logging, the influence of adjacent formations on density log measurements can be ignored. Finally, based on numerical simulation correction methods for the dual influence of casing and thin beds are discussed.

关键词： Density logging in cased hole thin bed response casing MCNP program correcting

Numerical simulation of non-Archie electrophysical property of saturated rock with lattice Boltzmann method

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petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 24-28页

作者： Yue Wenzheng Tao Guo Liu Dongming Yang Wendu state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Centre of Well Logging CNPC Key Laboratory of Well Logging China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CNPC Logging Changqing Business Division Xi＇an Shaanxi 710201 China Sichuan petroleum Administration Logging Company Ltd. CNPC Chongqing 401147 China

The electrophysical property of saturated rocks is very important for reservoir identification and evaluation. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to study the electrophysical property of rock saturated with fluid because of its advantages over conventional numerical approaches in handling complex pore geometry and boundary conditions. The digital core model was constructed through the accumulation of matrix grains based on their radius distribution obtained by the measurements of core samples. The flow of electrical current through the core model saturated with oil and water was simulated on the mesoscopic scale to reveal the non-Archie relationship between resistivity index and water saturation （I-Sw）. The results from LBM simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrated that the I-Sw relation in the range of low water saturation was generally not a straight line in the log-log coordinates as described by the Archie equation. We thus developed a new equation based on numerical simulation and physical experiments. This new equation was used to fit the data from laboratory core measurements and previously published data. Determination of fluid saturation and reservoir evaluation could be significantly improved by using the new equation.

关键词： Non-Archie relation digital core model lattice Boltzmann method numerical simulation rock physical experiment

Synthesis of AIMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with high stability

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petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 163-166页

作者： Liu Baijun Wang Hui key laboratory of Catalysis China National Petroleum Corporation China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were synthesized by static hydrothermal crystallization using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template, water glass as silica source and pseudoboehmite as aluminum source. The XRD results showed that the prepared AlMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves had high relative crystallinity and long-range order. The relative crystallinity was greater than 27% after calcination at 900 ℃ for 2 hours and was still greater than 14% after ageing in steam at 800 ℃ for 2 hours. The results indicated that both thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were good.

关键词： Pseudo-boehmite hydrothermal stability synthesis AIMCM-41 thermal stability hydrothermal

Identification of the Quaternary low gas-saturation reservoirs in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin,china

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 49-54页

作者： Li Xiongyan Li Hongqi Zhou Jinyu He Xu Chen Yihan Yu Hongyan state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Exploration and Development Institute Changqing Petroleum CompanyShaanxi 710021China

Low gas-saturation reservoirs are gas bearing intervals whose gas saturation is less than 47%. They are common in the Quaternary of the Sanhu area in the Qaidam *** to the complex genesis mechanisms and special geological characteristics,the logging curves of low gas-saturation reservoirs are characterized by ambiguity and diversity,namely without significant log response characteristics. Therefore,it is particularly difficult to identify the low gas-saturation reservoirs in the study *** addition,the traditional methods such as using the relations among lithology,electrical property,physical property and gas bearing property,as well as their threshold values,can not effectively identify low gas-saturation *** solve this problem,we adopt the decision tree,support vector machine and rough set methods to establish a predictive model of low gas-saturation reservoirs,which is capable of classifying a mass of multi-dimensional and fuzzy *** to the transparency of learning processes and the understandability of learning results,the predictive model was also revised by absorbing the actual reservoir *** applications indicate that the predictive model is effective in identifying low gas-saturation reservoirs in the study area.

关键词： Sanhu area Qaidam Basin low gas-saturation reservoir decision tree support vector machine rough set predictive model identification

A novel four-way combining catalysts for simultaneous removal of exhaust pollutants from diesel engine

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1104-1109页

作者： Jian Liu,Jie Xu,Zhen Zhao,Aijun Duan,Guiyuan Jiang,Yanni Jing state key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china. state key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

A novel four-way combining catalysts containing double layers was applied to simultaneously remove four kinds of exhaust pollutants （NOx, CO, HC and PM） emitted from diesel engine. The four-way catalysts were characterized using scanning electron microscope （SEM） and Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）. Their catalytic performances were evaluated by temperature-programmed reaction technology. The double layer catalysts could effectively remove the four main pollutants. The highest catalytic activity was given by the two-layered catalysts of La0.6 K0.4CoO3/Al2O3 and W/HZSM-5. Under the simulated exhaust gases conditions, the peak temperature of the soot combustion was 421℃, the maximal conversion of NO to N2 was 74%, the temperature of the HC total conversion was 357℃, and the maximum conversion ratio of CO was 99%.

关键词： four-way combining catalyst diesel engine exhaust double layers perovskite oxides zeolite catalysts

Geophysical methods for the study of sedimentary cycles

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petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 259-265页

作者： Xu Jingling Liu Luofu Wang Guiwen Shen Jinsong Zhang Chunhua School of resources and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

We present the wavelet depth-frequency analysis and variable-scale frequency cycle analysis methods to study sedimentary cycles. The spectrum analysis, variable-scale frequency cycle analysis, and wavelet depth-frequency analysis methods are mainly discussed to distinguish sedimentary cycles of different levels. The spectrum analysis method established the relationship between the spectrum characteristics and the thickness and number of sedimentary cycles. Both the variable-scale frequency cycle analysis and the wavelet depth-frequency analysis are based on the wavelet transform. The variable-scale frequency cycle analysis is used to obtain the relationship between the periodic changes of frequency in different scales and sedimentary cycles, and the wavelet depth-frequency analysis is used to obtain the relationship between migration changes of frequency energy clusters and sedimentary cycles. We designed a soft-ware system to process actual logging data from the Changqing Oilfield to analyze the sedimentary cycles, which verified the effectiveness of the three methods, and good results were obtained.

关键词： Sedimentary cycles spectrum analysis wavelet depth-frequency analysis variable-scale frequency cycle analysis

Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU LuoFu1,2,WANG XianDong3,ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing 163712,china 4 petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd Daqing China petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC Beijing China

The evolution of Tarim Basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.30×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

A method of identifying effective source rocks and its application in the Bozhong Depression,Bohai Sea,china

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 458-465页

作者： Jiang Fujie Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Zhou Xiaohui Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting Beijing 102249 China Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

Research on effective source rocks directly affects the accuracy of identifying hydrocarbon resources, and indirectly affects the exploration decisions in petroliferous basins. Although the previous evaluation methods of effective source rocks vary relatively widely, a complete quantitative evaluation approach has not yet been developed. For that reason, we redefined the concept of effective source rocks based on the existing research results. Surrounding this definition, and guided by the hydrocarbon expulsion theory, the quantitative model called ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is established to predict effective source rocks. Its application in the Bozhong Depression indicates that among the four sets source rocks in the Bozhong Depression, the Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 3 ） has the largest effective source rock thickness, and the Member 1 Member 2 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 1＋2 ） is the second largest .The effective part of dark mudstone is only 30%-80% of the total volume and with the increase of buried depth and improvement of quality, the effective part increases. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is a practical technique for effective source rock prediction.

关键词： Source rock effectiveness hydrocarbon expulsion threshold Bozhong Depression Bohai Sea

Research and application of water jet technology in well completion and stimulation in china

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 239-244页

作者： Li Gensheng Huang Zhongwei Tian Shouceng Shen Zhonghou state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting china university of petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In recent years, rapid progress in the use of high pressure water jets （HPWJ） has been made in oil and gas well drilling, completion, and stimulation; and good results have been achieved in field applications. Advances in technologies and developments of well completion and stimulation with hydrajet are reviewed in this paper. Experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of abrasive water jetting and to optimize jet parameters, which can provide methods for the well completion and hydrajet fracturing. Deep-penetrating hydrajet perforating can create a 2-3 m clean hole with a diameter of 20-35 mm. Multilayer hydrajet fracturing is a process whereby multiple layers are stimulated in a single run without using mechanical packers, thereby reducing operation procedure and risk. Multilateral radial wells can be drilled using hydraulic jetting up to 100 m in length. The technique to remove sand particles and plugs with rotating self-resonating cavitating water jets in horizontal wellbores has been developed and oilfield-tested, which shows promising, cost effective prospects.

关键词： Water jet abrasive jet well completion perforation stimulation horizontal drilling with hydrajet