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Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2,3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC,china petroleum university,beijing 102249,china 2 Basin & Reservoir Research Center,china petroleum university,beijing 102249,china 3 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 4 Research Center of CNOOC,beijing 100027,china key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Basin & Reservoir Research Center China Petroleum University Beijing China Research Center of CNOOC Beijing China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

Anisotropic characteristics of electrical responses of fractured reservoir with multiple sets of fractures

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 127-138页

作者： Shen Jinsong Su Benyu Guo Naichuan Department of Geophysics School of Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In fractured reservoirs, the fractures not but also form the main flow channels which connect productivity of reservoirs. However, because of the only provide the storage space for hydrocarbons, the pores of the matrix, so fractures dominate the heterogeneity and randomness of the distribution of fractures, exploration and evaluation of fractured reservoirs is still one of the most difficult problems in the oil industry. In recent years, seismic anisotropy has been applied to the assessment of fractured formations, whereas electrical anisotropy which is more intense in fractured formations than seismic anisotropy has not been studied or used so extensively. In this study, fractured reservoir models which considered multiple sets of fractures with smooth and partly closed, rough surfaces were established based on the fractures and pore network, and the vertical and horizontal electrical resistivities were derived as a function of the matrix and fracture porosities according to Ohm＇s law. By using the anisotropic resistivity equations, variations of the electrical anisotropy of three types of fractured models under the conditions of free pressure and confining pressure were analyzed through the variations of the exerted pressure, matrix porosity, fracture aperture and formation water resistivity. The differences of the vertical and horizontal resistivities and the anisotropy between the connected and non-connected fractures were also analyzed. It is known from the simulated results that an increase of the confining pressure causes a decrease of electrical anisotropy because of the elasticity of the closed fractures and the decrease of the fracture aperture. For a fixed fracture porosity, the higher the matrix porosity, the weaker the electrical anisotropy in the rock formation.

关键词： Fractured reservoir partly closed fracture electrical anisotropy fracture roughness

Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt,Sichuan Basin,southwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 32-43页

作者： TANG LiangJie1,2,3,YANG KeMing4,JIN WenZheng1,2,3,L ZhiZhou4 & YU YiXin1,2,3 1 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 key laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,china university of petroleum,Ministry of Education,beijing 102249,china 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 4 Southwest Division Company,SINOPEC,Chengdu 610081,china state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China key laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China Southwest Division Company SINOPEC Chengdu China

As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan Basin,china. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3 categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2) the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3) the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt.

关键词： decollement layer structural styles multi-level decollement zones Longmenshan thrust belt

Experimental study on interaction between simulated sandstone and acidic fluid

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petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 8-16页

作者： Zhang Yongwang Zeng Jianhui Yu Bingsong state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

In order to investigate the controlling mechanism of temperature, fluid and other factors on water-rock interaction in the diagenetic process, we performed a series of simulated experiments on the interaction between two kinds of fluids with different salinity and a composite mineral system （simulated sandstone）, which contains albite, K-feldspar and other minerals. The experimental results showed that acidity was the most important factor that affected the dissolution of minerals in the composite mineral system. The lower the pH value, the more easily the minerals dissolved. At the same pH value, the dissolution abilities of different acids for various mineral components were also different. Compared to hydrochloric acid （inorganic acid）, oxalic acid （organic acid） was more able to dissolve aluminosilicate minerals. However, the dissolution ability of oxalic acid for carbonate minerals was lower than that of hydrochloric acid. In the process of fluid-rock interaction, dissolution of feldspar was relatively complicated. Increase of temperature would accelerate the dissolution of feldspar. Under acidic conditions, albite had a higher dissolution rate than K-feldspar. K-feldspar could dissolve and convert into montmorillonite and kaolinite, while albite could dissolve and convert into kaolinite both at 40℃ and 80℃. Presence of organic acid, and decrease of pH value and water salinity were all favorable for the dissolution of feldspar, but weakened the ability to form clay minerals.

关键词： Fluid simulated sandstone dissolution static experiment

The multi-factor recombination and processes superimposition model for hydrocarbon accumulation:application to the Silurian in the Tarim Basin

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petroleum Science 2008年第1期5卷 13-19页

作者： Meng Qingyang Pang Xiongqi Gao Jianbo state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Center CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

The multi-factor recombination and processes superimposition model for hydrocarbon accumulation is put forward in view of the hydrocarbon geological characteristics of multiple episodes of structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-seal assemblage, multiple cycles of hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple episodes of readjustment and reconstruction in the complex superimposed basins in china. It is a system including theories and methods that can help to predict favorable exploration regions. According to this model, the basic discipline for hydrocarbon generation, evolution and distribution in the superimposed basins can be summarized in multi-factor recombination, processes superimposition, multiple stages of oil filling and latest stage preservation. With the Silurian of the Tarim basin as an example, based on the reconstruction of the evolution history of the four factors （paleo-anticline, source rock, regional cap rock and kinematic equilibrium belt） controlling hydrocarbon accumulation, this model was adopted to predict favorable hydrocarbon accumulation areas and favorable exploration regions following structural destruction in three stages of oil filling, to provide guidance for further exploration ofoil and gas in the Silurian of the Tarim basin.

关键词： Multi-factor recombination processes superimposition Tarim Basin Silurian favorable exploration region prediction

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渤海海域现今地温场分布特征

石油与天然气地质 2009年第4期30卷 412-419页

作者：邱楠生魏刚李翠翠张媛郭永华中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室北京102249 中国石油大学盆地与油藏研究中心北京102249 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司技术部天津300452

渤海海域平均大地热流值为(60.9±8.7)mW/m2,其中石臼坨凸起、沙磊田凸起和渤南凸起热流值高达70～80mW/m2,渤中凹陷、黄河口凹陷和秦南凸起次之,其热流值也达到65～75mW/m2,辽东湾、庙西、莱州湾、歧口、沙南、埕北等地区热流值较低,... 详细信息

渤海海域平均大地热流值为(60.9±8.7)mW/m2,其中石臼坨凸起、沙磊田凸起和渤南凸起热流值高达70～80mW/m2,渤中凹陷、黄河口凹陷和秦南凸起次之,其热流值也达到65～75mW/m2,辽东湾、庙西、莱州湾、歧口、沙南、埕北等地区热流值较低,基本上都在65mW/m2以下。渤海海域平均地温梯度为30.8℃/km,但各构造单元存在差异,其中沙磊田凸起、渤中、渤南、石臼坨等地区地温梯度明显较高,一般为32～42℃/km之间;凹陷区地温梯度低,一般为22～32℃/km之间。渤海海域地温场的分布与渤海海域的构造形态相似,大体反映了北北东走向的郯庐断裂构造型态。

关键词：大地热流地温梯度地温场渤海海域

Numerical experiments for the conductive properties of saturated rock

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 174-180页

作者： YUE WenZheng & TAO Guo state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China

The reservoir evaluation as a key technology in oil exploration and production is based on the electrical transport property (ETP) of saturated rock that is described in a mathematical form with Arhcie’s equa-tion. But there have been increasing cases observed in many researches indicating that the ETP is non-Archie especially for the complex reservoir with low porosity and permeability. In this paper,the numerical experiments based on the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) have been employed to study the effect of porous structure and fluids on the ETP for revealing the nature of non-Archie phenomenon in micro-scale. The results of numerical experiments have proved that the saturation exponent n is a function of water saturation and porosity instead of being a constant in Archie’s equation. And then,a new formula has been developed for the EPT through combining the result of numerical simulation with that of laboratory measurements. The calculations from the new formula show very good agreement with laboratory measurements to demonstrate the efficiency of the new formula over the conventional methods in non-Archie rock.

关键词： electrical transport property non-Archie phenomenon fluid saturation porous media Lattice Boltzmann method

Effects of boundary conditions on vibrating mode of acoustic logging dipole transducer

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 195-200页

作者： QIAO WenXiao,CHE XiaoHua & ZHANG Fei state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China

Acoustic transducer is an important part of acoustic well logging tool. In this paper,ANSYS software package is used to design acoustic dipole transducer and simulate vibrating mode of the dipole transducer in different mechanical boundary conditions. The results show that boundary conditions influence the number of vibrating mode in the same frequency band and the frequency value of the same vibrating mode. Several acoustic dipole transducers are designed according to the results of numerical simulation and laboratory measurements. The basic frequency of vibrating mode of experi-ment has good agreement with that of simulation. The numerical simulation plays a good guidance role in designing,producing and correctly installing the acoustic dipole transducer.

关键词： acoustic dipole transducer vibrating mode basic frequency acoustic well logging

Characteristics of fluid substitution in porous rocks

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 139-145页

作者： Li Shengjie School of resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Analysis of the effect of changes in fluid properties of rocks on the compressional-wave velocity VP and shear-wave velocity Vs is very important for understanding the rock physical properties, especially in oilfield exploration and development. The fluid substitution process was analyzed by using ultrasonic measurement and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the effect of fluid substitution on the rock elastic modulus was mainly controlled by fluid properties, saturation, and confining pressure. For a rock with specific properties and porosity, the result of theoretical prediction for fluid substitution accorded with the experimental result under high confining pressure （higher than 60 MPa for our experimental data）, but failed to describe the trend of experimental result under low confining pressure and VP predicted by Gassmann＇s equation was higher than that measured by experiment. A higher porosity resulted in stronger sensitivity of the bulk modulus of saturated rocks to the change of fluid properties.

关键词： Fluid substitution velocity bulk modulus porosity saturation