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Axial nature of the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2010年第3期48卷 207-214页

作者： 1,2Xin WANG 1(nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology,chinese academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china) 2(Fairy Lake Botanical Garden,Shenzhen 518004,china) (nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China) (Fairy Lake Botanical Garden Shenzhen 518004 China) *Correspondence: Xin WANG *Correspondence: Author for correspondence. E-mail: brandonhuijunwang@*** Tel.: 86-25-8328-2266 Fax: 86-25-8328-2140.

Caytoniales are an important group of seed plants,and the nature of their female reproductive organ may influence interpretations of the seed plant phylogeny and the origin of *** not convincingly demonstrated by clear evidence,cupules on previously described specimens were interpreted as being distichously arranged,implying that the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales was a pinnate *** a female reproductive organ of Paracaytonia hongtaoi *** ***.(Caytoniales)is reported from Liaoning,*** well preserved specimen clearly shows a spiral arrangement of cupules along the reproductive axis,suggesting that the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales is not a megasporophyll but a *** new information on the axial nature of the cupule-bearing organ in Caytoniales has significant implications on the placement of Caytoniales in the seed plant phylogeny and interpretation of the relationship between Caytoniales and angiosperms.

关键词： angiosperms Caytoniales cupule evolution Paracaytonia seed plants systematics Yixian Formation.

MAJOR PROBLEMS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ALONG THE BANK AREA OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

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chinese Geographical Science 2000年第2期10卷 97-104页

作者： YANG Gui-shan(nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology,the chinese academy of sciences, Nanjng 210008, P R. china) nanjing institute of Geography and Limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

Developing the Changjiang(Yangtze) River and building a developed economic zone along the bank area of the Chanajiang River is a great strategic decision of the national macroeconomic development distribution. This decision has both given an impetus to fast development of the regional economy and exacerbated the contradiction among economy and resources and environment. In this paper, some major problems ekisting in economic sustainable development, such as scattered industrial structure, duplicated construction of the great projects, enlarging the development gap of the regional economy and deteriorated environment etc., have been studied. The results show that scattered structure and duplicated distribution of some key industries and projects, especially automobile, electronics and petrochemical industry and communication, power installations, is one of the reasons for low industrial economic benefit; the great development gap among upper, middle and lower reaches areas are enlarging since the 1990’ s; soil erosion, nood disaster and environmental pollution are still exacerliating due to unreasonable over-development. Based on the above analysis, this paper brings out some countermeasures and proposals for increasing the ability of regional sustainable development, including transregional reorganization of industrial structure linking by assets and speeding the process of regional economy integration; gradually controlling and reducing the development gap arnong upper, middle and lower reaches areas through regional cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis; as well as strengthening ecological construction and environmental protection and increasing environmental bearing capacity etc.

关键词： the bank area of the Changjiang River sustainable development structure problems environment deterioration

SOME LATE WENLOCK-EARLY LUDLOW (SILURIAN) GRAPTOLITES FROM NORTHWEST china

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古生物学报 2002年第3期 369-371页

作者： NI Yu Nan 1) and SONG Li Sheng 2) 1) nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008 2) Xi’an institute of geology and Mineral Resources, Xi’an 710054

ＴｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｄｅａｌｔｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｗａｓｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｆｏｕｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｔＨｕａｎｇｕｔａｎ ,ＺｉｙａｎｇｏｆＳｈａａｎｘｉ,ａｔＪｉａｎｎｉｇｏｕａｎ... 详细信息

ＴｈｅｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｄｅａｌｔｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｗａｓｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｆｏｕｒｍｅａｓｕｒｅｄｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｓａｔＨｕａｎｇｕｔａｎ ,ＺｉｙａｎｇｏｆＳｈａａｎｘｉ,ａｔＪｉａｎｎｉｇｏｕａｎｄＡｎｚｉｇｏｕ ,ＴｅｗｏｏｆｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＧａｎｓｕａｎｄａｔＸｉａｏｈｕｌｉｓｈａｎ ,ＥｊｉｎＱｉｏｆｎｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔｅｒｎＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ (Ｔｅｘｔｆｉｇ .1) .ＡｔＨｕａｎｇｕｔａｎ ,ｔｈｅＳｉｌｕｒｉａｎｒｏｃｋｓｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｏｆｃａｒｂｏｎａｃｅｏｕｓｍｕｄｙａｎｄｓｉｌｔｙｓｌａｔｅｓ ,ａｂｏｕｔ 4 7ｍｔｈｉｃｋ .ＴｈｅｂａｓｅａｎｄｔｈｅｔｏｐｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃｔｉｏｎａｒｅｂｏｔｈｆａｕｌｔｅｄａｇａｉｎｓｔｔｈｅＬｏｗｅｒＯｒｄｏｖｉｃｉａｎｂｅｄｓ.ＧｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｓｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｉｎｃｌｕｄｅＰｒｉｓｔｉｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｄｕｂｉｕｓ (Ｂｏｕｃˇｅｋ ) ,Ｐ .ｓｈａａｎｘｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ .ｎｏｖ .,Ｐ .ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ (Ｗｏｏｄ) ,Ｐ .ｃｆ.ｔｕｍｅｓｃｅｎｓ (Ｗｏｏｄ)ａｎｄＳａｅｔｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｓｐ .ｉｎｄｉｃａｔｉｎｇａｌａｔｅＷｅｎｌｏｃｋｅａｒｌｙＬｕｄｌｏｗａｇｅ .ＡｔＡｎｚｉｇｏｕ ,ｇｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｓａｒｅｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄｉｎｓｉｌｔｙａｎｄｃａｌｃａｒｅｏｕｓｓｌａｔｅｓ,ｗｈｉｃｈｗｅｒｅｐｒｅｖｉｏｕｓｌｙａｓｓｉｇｎｅｄｔｏｔｈｅＬｌａｎｄｏｖｅｒｙＡｎｚｉｇｏｕＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ .Ａｆｔｅｒｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ ,ｔｈｅｇｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｆａｕｎａｉｓｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆｏｎｌｙｔｈｒｅｅｅａｒｌｙＬｕｄｌｏｗｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ :Ｓａｅｔｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｓｐ .,Ｐｒｉｓｔｉｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｆｏｒｂｅｓｉ (Ｂｅｒｒｙ)ａｎｄＰ .ｊａｅｇｅｒｉＨｏｌｌａｎｄ ,ＲｉｃｋａｒｄｓａｎｄＷａｒｒｅｎ .ＡｔＪｉａｎｎｉｇｏｕ ,ａｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｗａｓｍａｄｅｆｒｏｍｓａｎｄｙｓｌａｔｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＬｕｄｌｏｗＨｏｎｇｓｈｕｉｇｏｕＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ,ｃｏｎｔａｉｎｉｎｇｇｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｓＢｏｈｅｍｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｂｏｈｅｍｉｃｕｓ(Ｂａｒｒａｎｄｅ )ａｎｄＬｏｂｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｐｒｏｇｅｎｉｔｏｒｃｕｄａｌｅｎｓｉｓＲｉｃｋａｒｄｓｅｔａｌ.ＡｔＸｉａｏｈｕｌｉｓｈａｎ ,ｌａｔｅＷｅｎｌｏｃｋｅａｒｌｙＬｕｄｌｏｗｂｅｄｓａｒｅｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｏｆｇｒａｙｗａｃｋｅｓａｎｄｓｉｌｔｙｓｌａｔｅｓｙｉｅｌｄｉｎｇｇｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｓＰｒｉｓｔｉｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｊａｅｇｅｒｉＨｏｌｌａｎｄｅｔａｌ.,Ｐ .ｐｓｅｕｄｏｄｕｂｉｕｓ(Ｂｏｕｃˇｅｋ) ,Ｐ .ｐａｒｖｕｓＵｌｓｔａｎｄＭｏｎｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｕｎｃｉｎａｔｕｓＴｕｌｌｂｅｒｇ .Ｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｓａｒｅｐｏｏｒｌｙｐｒｅｓｅｒｖｅｄ ,ｂｕｔｗｏｒｔｈｗｈｉｌｅｒｅｐｏｒｔｉｎｇ ,ａｓｌａｔｅＷｅｎｌｏｃｋｅａｒｌｙＬｕｄｌｏｗｇｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｓｈａｖｅｌｉｔｔｌｅｂｅｅｎｋｎｏｗｎｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｖａｓｔａｒｅａｏｆＮｏｒｔｈｗｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａ .Ｈｅｒｅｔｏｔａｌｌｙｅｌｅｖｅｎｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ,ｂｅｌｏｎｇｉｎｇｔｏｆｉｖｅｇｅｎｅｒａ,ｏｆＨｏｍｅｒｉａｎ (ＵｐｐｅｒＷｅｎｌｏｃｋ)ａｎｄＧｏｒｓｔａｉｎ (ＬｏｗｅｒＬｕｄｌｏｗ) ｇｒａｐｔｏｌｉｔｅｓａｒｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｄａｎｄｒｅｖｉｅｗｅｄ ,ｏｆｗｈｉｃｈＰｒｉｓｔｉｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｄｕｂｉｕｓ(Ｂｏｕｃˇｅｋ) ,Ｐ .ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ (Ｗｏｏｄ) ,Ｐ .ｆｏｒｂｅｓｉ (Ｂｅｒｒｙ) ,Ｐ .ｊａｅｇｅｒｉＨｏｌｌａｎｄｅｔａｌ.,Ｐ .ｐａｒｖｕｓＵｌｓｔａｎｄＬｏｂｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｐｒｏｇｅｎｉｔｏｒｃｕｄａｌｅｎｓｉｓＲｉｃｋａｒｄｓｅｔａｌ.ａｒｅｒｅｃｏｒｄｅｄｉｎＣｈｉｎａｆｏｒｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｔｉｍｅ .ＴｈｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎｏｆａｎｅｗｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＰｒｉｓｔｉｏｇｒａｐｔｕｓｉｓａｓｆｏｌｌｏｗｓ

关键词： graptolites Wenlock Ludlow Silurian Northwest chinaSummary The material dealt with in this paper was collected from four measured sections at Huangutan Ziyang of Shaanxi at Jiannigou and Anzigou Tewo of southwestern Gansu and

Boron isotopic fractionation in laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation:Evidence for the incorpora-tion of B(OH)_3 into carbonate

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第12期51卷 1776-1785页

作者： XIAO YingKai1,2, LI HuaLing1,3, LIU WeiGuo4, WANG XiuFang1 & JIANG ShaoYong5 1 Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes, chinese academy of sciences, Xining 810008, china 2 State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002, china 3 nanjing institute of geology and Mineral Resources, nanjing 210016, china 4 State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology, institute of Earth Environment, chinese academy of sciences, Xi’an 710075, china 5 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Department of Earth sciences, nanjing University, nanjing 210093, china 1. Qinghai institute of Salt Lakes Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810008 China 2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China 3. nanjing institute of geology and Mineral Resources 210016 Nanjing China 4. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an 710075 China 5. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

A laboratory inorganic carbonate precipitation experiment at high pH of 8.96 to 9.34 was conducted, and the boron isotopic fractionations of the precipitated carbonate were measured. The data show that boron isotopic fractionation factors (αcarb-3) between carbonate and B(OH)3 in seawater range 0.937 and 0.965, with an average value of 0.953. Our results together with those reported by Sanyal and collabo-rators show that the αcarb-3 values between carbonate and B(OH)3 in solution are not constant but are negatively correlated with the pH of seawater. The measured boron isotopic compositions of carbonate precipitation (δ11Bcarb) do not exactly lie on the best-fit theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves and neither do they exactly parallel any theoretical δ 11B4-pH curves. Therefore, it is reasonable to argue that a changeable proportion of B(OH)3 with pH of seawater should also be incorporated into carbonate except for the dominant incorporation of B(OH)4- in carbonate . Hence, in the reconstruction of the paleo-pH of sea-water from boron isotopes in marine biogenic carbonates, the use of theoretical boron isotopic frac-tionation factor (α4-3) between B(OH)4- and B(OH)3 is not suitable. Instead, an empirical equation should be established.

关键词： boron isotopic fractionation biogenic carbonate B(OH)3 incorporation

Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil experimentally contaminated with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn together and effects on soil negative surface charge

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2002年第4期14卷 439-444页

作者： ZHOU Dong mei, HAO Xiu zhen, TU Cong, CHEN Huai man, SI You bin (institute of Soil Science, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china. )

Speciation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil subsamples experimentally loaded with Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn in orthogonal design was investigated by sequential extraction, and operationally defined as water soluble and exchangeable(SE), weakly specific adsorbed(WSA), Fe and Mn oxides bound(OX) and organic bound(ORG). The results showed that fractions of heavy metals in the soil subsamples depended on their speciation. About 90% of Cd and 75% of Zn existed in soil subsamples in the SE fraction. Lead and Cu existed in soil subsamples as SE, WSA and OX fractions simultaneously, although SE was still the major fraction. Organic bound heavy metals were not clearly apparent in all the soil subsamples. The concentration of some heavy metal fractions in soil subsamples showed the good correlation with ionic impulsion of soil, especially for the SE fraction. Continuous saturation of soil subsamples with 0.20 mol/L NH 4Cl, which is the first step for determination of the negative surface charge of soil by the ion retention method, resulted in desorption of certain heavy metals from the soil. It was found that the percentage desorption of heavy metals from soil subsamples depended greatly on pH, the composition and original heavy metal content of the soil subsamples. However, most of the heavy metals in the soil subsamples were still be retained after multiple saturation. Compared with the parent soil, the negative surface charge of soil subsamples loaded with heavy metals did not show difference significantly from that of the parent one by statistical analysis. Heavy metals existed in the soil subsamples mainly as exchangeable and precipitated simultaneously.

关键词： soil heavy metals speciation soil surface charge

Economic development and major guarantee projects in the region along the Yangtze River

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Journal of Geographical sciences 1998年第3期8卷 83-92页

作者： CHEN Wen YU Xiaogan nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, chinese academy of sciences nanjing 210008 china

The region along the Yangtze River is the major exploitation belt and a linkage of eastern and western parts of china. It plays an essential role in the national economic development. Since the implementation of the reform and open door policy, regional economy has got rapidly developed. In the process of development, the region also faces difficulties like energy shortage, backward transportation facilities, grain output reduction, and environmental deterioration. Countermeasures are put forward in the paper to cope with the difficulties.

关键词： regional economy development strategy industry transportation energy Yangtze Valley.

Resource and Environmental Quality Changes and Adjustment Principles for Sustainable Development in Rapidly Developing Coastal Region of Southeastern china

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Pedosphere 2001年第4期11卷 289-299页

作者： ZHAO QIGUO institute of Soil Science, the chinese academy of sciences, P. O. Box 821, nanjing 210008 (china) 中科院南京土壤所江苏南京 210008

Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern china. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns in china, and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while china enters into international markets. The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction, land degradation aggravation, high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion, expanded non-point pollution, deteriorated water quality, decreasing biodiversity, destroyed ecosystems, severe air pollution, frequently occurred acid rain, and multi-pollutants. The important research fields in the near future should include a) influence of high-intensity exploitation of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback; b) interface processes, key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water-, land-, and air-resources and environmental quality; c) evolvement processes and nurturing theory of biodiversity and ecological resources; and d) spatio-temporal variation and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality. Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows: a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment, and controlling non-point pollution; c) strengthening ecological construction and ecological security; and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.

关键词： coastal region environment quality fast economic development southeastern china water- land resource

THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MAIN PROBLEMSOF MINORITY REGIONS IN china

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chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 8-13页

作者： ZHANG Luo-cheng, WU Chu-cai(nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology, the chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, P. R. china) nanjing institute of Geography & Limnology the Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing P. R. China

ABSTRACT: china is a country that has a large number of minorities, who live in specific regions which are mainly located in central and west china. These regions are abundant in natural resources, which are potential advantages and also an important basis for economic development in these regions. They are of general importance for china in strategic and ecological terms. They will not only affect the environment for survival of the minority regions but also affect the sustainable development of the eastern and central parts of china and even the survival and development of the chinese nation as a whole. Minorities live in relatively compact communities, among the 55 minorities, 35 of them were highly compact minorities, with a compact level of more than 90% . Here the development in infrastructure as well as social and economic development (e. g. export-oriented economy) has been and is still slow, regional poverty are most concentrated. The economic structures in minority areas are still in the low stage, which have resulted in underdevelopment in these regions.

关键词： minority regions development problems

Biostratigraphical significance of the Devonian Sinoleperditiini (Ostracoda)

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第10期 100-105页

作者： WANG Shangqi & PENG Jinlan nanjing institute of geology and palaeontology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china

The Tribe Sinoleperditiini (Ostracoda), which is mainly distributed in South china and its adjacent areas, is a single natural group of the Leperditiidae, characterized by the development of a trailing chevron muscle scar. This tribe is known only from the Devonian and ranges through most of the Devonian. The evolutionary trends within the Sinoleperditiini have been well documented and are exemplified by changes in the trailing chevron muscle scar. The main evolutionary change is a tendency of the trailing chevron muscle scar to extend ventrally through time, as demonstrated by the increasing ratio (th/ah) of the vertical height of the trailing chevron muscle scar (th) to that of the adductor muscle scar (ah). The recent discovery of a sinoleperditiine assemblage (th/ah values available) in the middle-upper Lower Emsian Shanglun Formation allows to propose a sinoleperditiine biostratigraphical sequence for the Devonian. This sequence contains 11 assemblages (th/ah value available for each assemblage), which cover all the 7 Devonian stages and some substages. This sequence is particularly useful for correlating and dating Devonian rocks in the littoral clastic, lagoonal and restricted or semirestricted car-bonate platform facies where these ostracodes are most abundant and other fossils are un-common.

关键词： Sinoleperditiini biostratigraphical sequence Devonian South china.