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Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1044-1052页

作者： CHEN Baoliang, HUANG Wenhai Department of environmental Science, zhejiang university, {2., zhejiang, china. [a]Department of environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 Zhejiang China

To further elucidate interaction of nitroaromatic compounds with mineral surface, the sorption of m-dinitrobenzene （m-DNB） and nitrobenzene to original bentonite in aqueous solution containing different electrolytes （i.e., KCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2.and Tetramethylammonium bromide （TMAB）） was studied. The sorption of m-DNB was greatly enhanced with the presence of KCl and NH4Cl, while little influence was observed with CaCl2.and TMAB, following the order of KCl 〉 NH4Cl 〉〉 TMAB, CaCl2. or DI water. For nitrobenzene, sorption enhancement only occurred at high nitrobenzene concentrations in the presence of KCl, and the solute equilibrium concentration at inflexion point was lowered with increasing KCl concentration. These sorption enhancements were significantly promoted with the increase of electrolyte concentration. The salting-out effect is insufficient to account for the sorption enhancement by original bentonite with increasing KCI or NH4Cl concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns of bentonite suspensions indicated that the sorption enhancement of m-DNB was attributed to the intercalation of K^＋ or NH4^＋ into bentonite interlayer and then dehydration with m-DNB to form inner-sphere complexes, which caused previously expanded bentonite interlayers to collapse in aqueous suspension, thus further enhanced the interaction of phenyl with siloxane surface. In comparison, the sorption enhancement of NB is attributed to the formation of outer-sphere complexes with K^＋ at high solute-loadings （〉 2.（0-400 mg/kg）. The sorption of m-DNB to initially modified TMA^＋-bentonite and K^＋-bentonite was almost the same as respective sorption to original bentonite in solution containing TMA^＋ and K^＋.

关键词： sorption nitroaromatic compound bentonite cation type wastewater treatment

Interaction mechanisms of organic contaminants with burned straw ash charcoal

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第10期22卷 1586-1594页

作者： Wenhai Huang,Baoliang Chen Department of environmental Science,zhejiang university,{2.,china [a] Department of environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China

Black carbons （e.g., charcoal） have a great impact on the transport of organic contaminants in soil and water because of its strong affinity and ubiquity in the environment. To further elucidate their interaction mechanism, sorption of polar （p-nitrotoluene, m-dinitrobenzene and nitrobenzene） and nonpolar （naphthalene） aromatic contaminants to burned straw ash charcoal under different de-ashed treatments were investigated. The sorption isotherms fitted well with Freundlich equation, and the Freundlich N values were all around 0.31-0.38, being independent of the sorbate properties and sorbent types. After sequential removal of ashes by acid treatments （HCl and HCl-HF）, both adsorption and partition were enhanced due to the enrichment of charcoal component. The separated contribution of adsorption and partition to total sorption were quantified. The effective carbon content in ash charcoal functioned as adsorption sites, partition phases, and hybrid regions with adsorption and partition were conceptualized and calculated. The hybrid regions increased obviously after de-ashed treatment. The linear relationships of Freundlich N values with the charring-temperature of charcoal or biochar （the charred byproduct in biomass pyrolysis） were observed based on the current study and the cited publications which included 15 different temperatures （100-850℃）, 10 kinds of precursors of charcoal/biochar, and 10 organic sorbates.

关键词： ash charcoal organic pollutant adsorption partition effective carbon

Treatment of turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage with soil cultivating system

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 342-345页

作者： LAO Shan\|gen(Department of environmental Engineering, zhejiang university,{2., china) Department of environmental Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China.

Turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage were treated by means of soil cultivating system. Results indicated that more than 50% CODCr and BOD5, of wastewaters were removed, removal rates of NH4+ -N could reach about 70%-80%, but PO43- could not be removed. The thesis analyzed functional mechanisms for pollutants and put forward main elements affecting treatment efficiencies, thus provided conditions for further research.

关键词： turtle-breeding wastewater fecal sewage soil CODCr BOD5 N P

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2002年第1期14卷 132-135页

作者： LAO Shan gen (Department of environmental Engineering, zhejiang university, {2., china) Department of environmental Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029

Granular activated carbon (GAC) anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was applied to treating phenols wastewater. When influent phenol concentration was 1000 mg/L, volume loadings of phenol and COD Cr were 0 39 kg/(m 3·d) and 0 98 kg/(m 3·d), their removal rates were 99 9% and 96 4% respectively. From analyzing above results, the main mechanisms of the process are that through fluidizing GAC, its adsorption is combined with biodegradation, both activities are brought into full play, and phenol in wastewater is effectively decomposed. Meanwhile problems concerning gas liquid separation and medium plugging are well solved.

关键词： granular activated carbon (GAC) anaerobic fluidized bed phenol removal rate

Quasi-static Analysis of Thrust-loaded Angular Contact Ball Bearings Part Ⅱ:Results and Discussion

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2012年第1期25卷 81-87页

作者： CHEN Wenhua1,2.MA Zikui1,GAO Liang1,LI Xinglin3,and PAN Jun2.1 institute of Mechanical Design,zhejiang university,{2.,china 2.institute of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,zhejiang Sci-Tech university,hangzhou 310018,china 3 State Testing Laboratory of hangzhou Bearing Test & Research Center,{2.,china 1. institute of Mechanical Design Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China 2. institute of Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China 3. State Testing Laboratory of hangzhou Bearing Test & Research Center Hangzhou 310022 China

Ball bearings are widely employed mechanical components characterized by high precision and quality,and usually play important roles in various rotary machines and *** advanced applications require a deep understanding of their various kinematic and tribological characteristics that are essential to predict the fatigue endurance,relieve the vibration and minimize the power dissipation of ball bearings in particular *** angular contact ball bearing under a specified operating condition is simulated with the quasi-static/creepage analytical model proposed in the preceding *** results demonstrate that the ball bearing is a statically determinate *** the balls spin on both inner and outer races means the ball is controlled by neither the inner nor the outer *** friction between the ball and raceway renders the inner and outer contact angles *** larger the coefficient of friction is,the larger the angle *** tangential traction perpendicular to the rolling direction due to the spin induces a gyro-like rotation of the ball with respect to the raceway even if no inertial effects are *** tangential elastic compliance of contacting surfaces gives rise to locked areas within the contact patch and transforms the sliding lines from circles into *** differential slip due to the close conformity of the ball and raceway makes the sliding and traction distributions asymmetric,which will influence the location of the spinning center of the ball with respect to the *** quasi-static/creepage model can be used to reveal the operating behaviors of ball bearings running under steady conditions and to optimize the design of ball bearings for specific applications.

关键词： ball bearing quasi-static creepage differential slip tangential elastic compliance

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Synthesis and crystal structure of complex of Ce(NO_3)_3 with N-(3-methyl-pyridin-2.yl)-formimidoyl-(3-methyl-pyridin-2.yl) hydrazone

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Science china Chemistry 2004年第3期47卷 251-256页

作者： JIANG Yinzhi1,2.& HU Weixiao1 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Science, zhejiang university of Technology, hangzhou 310032. {2. 2. Department of Applied Chemistry, zhejiang institute of Science and Technology, hangzhou 310033, {2. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology 310032 Hangzhou China 2. Department of Applied Chemistry Zhejiang Institute of Science and Technology 310033 Hangzhou China

The reaction of 3,6-di-(3-methyl-pyridin-2.yI)-s-tetrazine (DMPTZ, II) with CeIII salt [Ce(NO3)3 · 6H2.] generates a new ligand, N-(3-methyl-pyridin-2.yl)-formimidoyl-(3-methyl-pyridin-2.yl) hydrazone (L), and forms a new complex: a mononuclear complex [Ce(L)(NO3)2.(H2.)3] · NO3 (III). Crystal data for III: space group P-1, with a = 0.7133(4) nm, b = 1.1139(2. nm, c = 1.4572.3) nm, α= 102.13(2.°, β= 99.81(3)°, γ= 91.10(3)°, Z = 2. V = 1113.6(7) nm3, μ = 2.12. mm?1 and F(000) = 630. L acts as a tri-dentate chelating ligand in III. There are 10 coordination sites around Ce3+ of III, which are respectively occupied by seven oxygen atoms (four from two nitrate anions and three from three H2. molecules) and three nitrogen atoms (all from L). The cerium atom and three chelating nitrogen atoms are coplanar. The mechanism of the metal assisted decomposition is discussed briefly.

关键词： rare earth, complex, crystal structure, synthesize, 3,6-bis (3-methyl-pyridin-2.yl)-s-tetrazine, N-(3-methyl-pyridin- 2.yl)-formimidoyl-(3-methyl-pyridin-2.yl) hydrazone.

A general communication performance evaluation model based on routing path decomposition

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Journal of zhejiang university-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2011年第7期12卷 561-573页

作者： Ai-lian CHENG 1,Yun PAN 1,2.Xiao-lang YAN 2.Ruo-hong HUAN 3 (1 Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering,zhejiang university,hangzhou 31002.,{2.) (2.institute of VLSI Design,zhejiang university,hangzhou 31002.,{2.) (3 College of Computer Science and Technology,zhejiang university of Technology,hangzhou 31002.,{2.) Department of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University institute of VLSI Design Zhejiang University

The network-on-chip (NoC) architecture is a main factor affecting the system performance of complicated multi-processor systems-on-chips (MPSoCs).To evaluate the effects of the NoC architectures on communication efficiency,several kinds of techniques have been developed,including various simulators and analytical *** simulators are accurate but time consuming,especially in large space explorations of diverse network configurations;in contrast,the analytical models are fast and flexible,providing alternative methods for performance *** this paper,we propose a general analytical model to esti-mate the communication performance for arbitrary NoCs with wormhole routing and virtual channel flow *** resolve the inherent dependency of successive links occupied by one packet in wormhole routing,we propose the routing path decomposition approach to generating a series of ordered link *** we use the traditional queuing system to derive the fine-grained transmission latency for each network *** to our experiments,the proposed analytical model provides a good approximation of the average packet latency to the simulation results,and estimates the network throughput precisely under various NoC configurations and ***,the analytical model runs about 10 5 times faster than the cycle-accurate NoC *** applications of the model including bottleneck detection and virtual channel allocation are also presented.

关键词： Analytical model Communication performance Network-on-chip (NoC) Queuing system Routing path decom-position Virtual channel

Allocation of power generating and shipping of Hanjiang upstream cascade

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第8期15卷 733-741页

作者： LIU Junping1* and CHANG Mingqi 2.3(1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, zhejiang university of Technology, hangzhou 310014, {2. 2. institute of Water Resources & Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi'an university of Technology, Xi'an 710048, {2. 3. Shanxi institute of Water Resources, Taiyuan 030001, {2.) School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi'an 710048 China Shanxi institute of Water Resources Taiyuan 030001 China

The optimal model and simulating model of the Hanjiang cascade reservoirs operation with one day as its calculating period are established to coordinate the contradictions between power generating and shipping. The optimal model is solved by progressive optimality algorithm method adopting the theory of large system decomposing and coordinating. By analyzing the water allocation results obtained from six schemes, which are two cascades, four cascades and seven cascades joint operation considering shipping or not, the contradiction degree between power generating and shipping is investigated and some joint operation schemes are proposed.

关键词： cascade power generating contradiction shipping optimal operation.

Noether-type theory for discrete mechanico-electrical dynamical systems with nonregular lattices

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第9期53卷 1687-1698页

作者： FU JingLi1,CHEN LiQun2.& CHEN BenYong3 1 institute of Mathematical Physics,zhejiang Sci-Tech {2.,hangzhou 310018,china 2.Department of Mechanics,Shanghai {2.,Shanghai 2.0072.china 3 Faculty of Mechanical-Engineering & Automation,zhejiang Sci-Tech {2.,hangzhou 310018,china 1. institute of Mathematical Physics Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China2. Department of Mechanics Shanghai University Shanghai 200072 China3. Faculty of Mechanical-Engineering & Automation Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China

We investigate Noether symmetries and conservation laws of the discrete mechanico-electrical systems with nonregular *** operators of discrete transformation and discrete differentiation to the right and left are introduced for the *** on the invariance of discrete Hamilton action on nonregular lattices of the systems with the dissipation forces under the infinitesimal transformations with respect to the time,generalized coordinates and generalized charge quantities,we work out the discrete analog of the generalized variational *** this formula we derive the discrete analog of generalized Noether-type identity,and then we present the generalized quasi-extremal equations and properties of these equations for the *** also obtain the discrete analog of Noether-type conserved laws and the discrete analog of generalized Noether theorems for the *** we use an example to illustrate these results.

关键词： Noether symmetry variational formula quasi-extremal equation conservation law discrete mechanico-electrical dynamical system