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Growth characteristics and response to climate change of Larix Miller tree-ring in china

Science china Earth sciences 2010年第6期53卷 871-879页

作者： SUN Yu1,4, WANG LiLi1,2,3, CHEN Jin5, DUAN JianPing1,4, SHAO XueMei1,2 & CHEN KeLong6 1 Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 2 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china 3 Institute of Desert and Meteorology, china meteorological administration, Urumqi 830002, china 4 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 5 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 6 School of Life and Geography sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, china Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Desert and Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Urumqi China Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Life and Geography sciences Qinghai Normal University Xining China

As one of the earliest species used in dendrochronological studies, Larix responds sensitively to climate change. In this study, nine larch species and one variety from eleven sites were collected to study the growth characteristics of tree-ring width using dendrochronological methods. Ten residual tree-ring chronologies were developed to analyze their relationships with regional standardized anomaly series by Pearson’s correlation analysis. The results suggest that most of the chronologies had significantly positive correlations with the mean temperature and mean maximum temperature in May. The spring temperature evidently limited the radial growth of the larch species without precipitation control. The largest mean tree-ring width was found in Himalayan Larch in Jilong, whereas Master Larch in Si’er reflected the smallest mean value. Both species presented little climate information in this study. chinese, Potanin, and Tibetan larches are significantly correlated with climate change, implying a huge potential for climate history reconstruction. The elevation of the sampling sites appears to be an important condition for tree-ring growth of larches responding to climate factors.

关键词： Larix Miller tree-ring climate change mean temperature in May

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Simulation of freezing and melting of soil on the northeast Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第20期56卷 2145-2155页

作者： XIA Kun 1,2,3,LUO Yong 2,4,5 & LI WeiPing 2 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 2National Climate Center,china meteorological administration,beijing 100081,china 3Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 4 Center for Earth System Science,Tsinghua University,beijing 100084,china 5Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Simulation,Ministry of Education,beijing 100084,china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Key Laboratory of Earth

Using observational data spanning the period from February to December 2009 and recorded at the Suli station in Qinghai Province,the land-surface model CLM3.0 was employed to simulate the freezing and melting of *** results indicate that the simulated soil temperature is higher than the observed soil temperature and the ultimate thawing date is earlier than the observed date during the melting *** the freezing period,the simulated soil temperature is lower than the observed soil temperature and the ultimate freezing of the deep soil is earlier than that ***,the simulation of freezing is better than that of melting,and the simulation of a shallow layer is better than that of a deeper *** the original CLM3.0,it is assumed that frozen soil begins to melt when the soil temperature exceeds 0C,which is inconsistent with *** critical freeze-thaw temperature was calculated according to thermodynamics equations and the freeze-thaw condition was *** this work,the melting rate for frozen soil was reduced using the modified scheme,and the simulated soil temperature was lowered. Meanwhile,the refreezing of soil during the melting season was well simulated and more closely matched ***,it was found that the rates of melting and freezing differ,with the former being slower than the latter,but refreezing during the melting season is rather quick.

关键词：土壤温度冻结期青藏高原东北部模拟融化观测数据热力学方程表面模型

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Influences of greenhouse effect on agricultural production in china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1990年第4期2卷 3-10页

作者： Gao Suhua, Ding Yihui, Pan Yaru and Zhao Zongci academy of meteorological Science,State meteorological administration,beijing 100081,china

An obvious warming in china induced by doubled carbon, dioxide as simulated by the climatic models have been found. It is also noticed that there might be drying or wetting in some parts of china induced by doubled CO2 as simulated by the general circulation models(GCMs). Agricultural productivity mainly depends on the temperature, rainfall and soil moisture in china. The changes of agricultural productivity in the different parts of china induced by doubled CO2 have been estimated in this paper. It is shown that the greenhouse effect might cause increasing production in some parts of china and decreasing production in other parts of china.

关键词： greenhouse effect agricultural productivity doubled CO2 GCMs climatic productivity force.

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The characteristics of atmospheric CO_2 concentration variation of four national background stations in china

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Science china Earth sciences 2009年第11期52卷 1857-1863页

作者： LIU LiXin, ZHOU LingXi, ZHANG XiaoChun, WEN Min, ZHANG Fang, YAO Bo & FANG ShuangXi Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS), chinese academy of Meteoro- logical sciences (CAMS), china meteorological administration (CMA), beijing 100081, china Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services (CAWAS) Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences (CAMS) China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Beijing China

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is an important kind of greenhouse gas which influences global temperature. Its concentration variation could indicate the distribution of human and natural activities in various regions. Through the non-dispersive infrared method, flask sampling of atmospheric CO2 concen- tration was measured weekly at four national background stations including Waliguan, Shangdianzi, Lin’an, and Longfengshan. Based on the data collected from September 2006 to August 2007, along with the Waliguan station’s experience on in situ observational data processing, the selection methods for sampling data through the atmospheric background CO2 concentration analysis were preliminarily discussed. On the basis of this result, the variation features of the four typical regions’ atmospheric background CO2 concentration was analyzed for the first time. The results show that the atmospheric CO2 concentration at Waliguan, Shangdianzi, Lin’an, and Longfengshan is 383.5, 385.9, 387.8, and 384.3 ppm, respectively. During the research period, CO2 concentration at the Waliguan station changed slightly. However, the CO2 concentration changed sharply at the Shangdianzi and the Lin’an stations due to the great influence of human activities in the Jingjinji and the Changjiang Delta economic zones, and changed regularly with seasons at Longfengshan station under dual influences of human activities and plant photosynthesis. The results from this study can lay the foundation for more profound studies on atmospheric CO2 concentration level of different areas in china, and could be used to improve the understanding of carbon source and sink distribution.

关键词： atmospheric CO2 flask sampling background data selection CO2 concentration regional difference

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Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1159-1167页

作者： ZHANG JiaHua1,XU Yun1,YAO FengMei2,WANG PeiJuan1,GUO WenJuan1,LI Li1 & YANG LiMin3 1 chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 100081,china 2 Graduated University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 USGS/EROS Data Center,South Dakota 57198,USA chinese academy of meteorological sciences Graduated University of chinese academy of sciences

Quantitative estimation of vegetation water content(VWC) using optical remote sensing techniques is helpful in forest fire as-sessment,agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield *** paper reviews the research advances of VWC retrieval using spectral reflectance,spectral water index and radiative transfer model(RTM) *** also evaluates the reli-ability of VWC estimation using spectral water index from the observation data and the *** on two main definitions of VWC-the fuel moisture content(FMC) and the equivalent water thickness(EWT),the retrieval accuracies of FMC and EWT using vegetation water indices are ***,the measured information and the dataset are used to estimate VWC,the results show there are significant correlations among three kinds of vegetation water indices(i.e.,WSI,NDⅡ,NDWI1640,WI/NDVI) and canopy FMC of winter wheat(n=45).Finally,the future development directions of VWC detection based on optical remote sensing techniques are also summarized.

关键词： optical remote sensing vegetation water content estimation method water index FMC EWT radiative transfer model

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Vortex genesis over the Bay of Bengal in spring and its role in the onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon

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Science china Earth sciences 2011年第1期54卷 1-9页

作者： WU GuoXiong1, GUAN Yue1,2, WANG TongMei3, LIU YiMin1, YAN JingHui4 & MAO JiangYu1 1 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3Department of Atmospheric Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, china 4National Climate Center, china meteorological administration, beijing 100080, china State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Department of Atmospheric Science Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100080 China

Physical processes associated with onset of the 1998 Asian summer monsoon were examined in detail using multi-source datasets. We demonstrated that strong ocean-atmosphere-land interaction in the northern Indian Ocean and tropical Asian area during spring is a fundamental factor that induces the genesis and development of a monsoon onset vortex over the Bay of Bengal (BOB), with the vortex in turn triggering onset of the Asian summer monsoon. In spring, strong surface sensible heating over India and the Indochina Peninsula is transferred to the atmosphere, forming prominent in situ cyclonic circulation, with anticyclonic circulations over the Arabian Sea and northern BOB where the ocean receives abundant solar radiation. The corresponding surface winds along the North Indian Ocean coastal areas cause the ocean to produce the in situ offshore currents and upwelling, resulting in sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. With precipitation on the Indochina Peninsula increasing from late April to early May, the offshore current disappears in the eastern BOB or develops into an onshore current, leading to SST increasing. A southwest-northeast oriented spring BOB warm pool with SST >31°C forms in a band from the southeastern Arabian Sea to the eastern BOB. In early May, the Somali cross-equatorial flow forms due to the meridional SST gradient between the two hemispheres, and surface sensible heat over the African land surface. The Somali flow overlaps in phase with the anticyclone over the northern Arabian Sea in the course of its inertial fluctuation along the equator. The convergent cold northerlies on the eastern side of the anticyclone cause the westerly in the inertial trough to increase rapidly, so that enhanced sensible heat is released from the sea surface into the atmosphere. The cyclonic vorticity forced by such sensible heating is superimposed on the inertial trough, leading to its further increase in vorticity strength. Since atmospheric inertial motion is destr

关键词： air-sea interaction spring BOB warm pool monsoon onset vortex inertial oscillation Asian summer monsoon onset

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Semi-analytical analysis of the response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第14期54卷 2499-2505页

作者： LIU Fei1,2 & CHAO JiPing3,4 1 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 4 First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic administration of china, Qingdao 266061, china Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration of China Qingdao 266061 China

Response of the air temperature over the land surface to the global vegetation distribution is investigated, using a three-dimensional governing equation to simulate the steady, large-scale, limited amplitude perturbation of the free, inviscid and adiabatic atmosphere. The adoption of the static equation leads to a temperature governing equation in the terrain following coordinate. With the prescribed temperature as the upper boundary condition and the radiation balance as the lower boundary condition, the semi-analytical solution of the global circulation temperature can be calculated. In this article, only the air temperature (at 2 m height) over the land surface is analyzed, and the result suggests that this model can simulate the air temperature pattern over the land surface reasonably. A better simulation occurs when a simple feedback of the albedo on the temperature is included. Two sensitivity experiments are analyzed through this model. One suggests that the air temperature over the land surface descends obviously when the land surface is covered with ice all over, while another suggests that the air temperature rises a little when the land surface is covered with forest except the ice-covered area. This model appears to be a good tool to study the response of the air temperature to the vegetation distribution. Limitations of the model are also discussed.

关键词：空气温度植被分布陆地表面反应解析分析模拟模式控制方程边界条件

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Three-year changes of surface albedo of degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in a semiarid area

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chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第8期53卷 1246-1254页

作者： LIU HuiZhi1↑, TU Gang2,3 & DONG WenJie4 1 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chi- nese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2 Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asia Monsoon, china meteorological administration, Changchun 130062, china 3 Institute of meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, china 4 National Climate Center, beijing 100081, china State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Research for Middle-High Latitude Circulation System and East Asia Monsoon China Meteorological Administration Changchun China Institute of meteorological Science of Jilin Province Changchun China National Climate Center Beijing China

Diurnal, seasonal and interannual variations of surface albedo of degraded grassland and cropland surfaces at a semiarid area of Tognyu have been investigated based on the continuous three years observational data from 2003 to 2005. The changes of surface albedo with solar elevation angle and soil moisture have been discussed also. It has been found that surface albedo has almost the same diurnal and seasonal variations on degraded grassland and cropland surfaces in the semiarid area, while sur- face albedo is large in winter and small in summer. The diurnal variation of the surface albedo has re- lationship with the weather condition. The diurnal cycle of the surface albedo likes the "U" shape curve in sunny day, while it is low-high after the rain, and high-low after the snow. The surface albedo has large variation in cloudy day, while it has no any variation in overcast day. The large difference of the surface albedo can be 0.04 in winter between two land surfaces, because the snow has large effects on the surface albedo in winter. The rainfall is an important factor in summer on the surface albedo, while the difference of the surface albedo is 0.01 only between two land surfaces. The differences of the surface albedo can also be 0.04 in autumn due to vegetation growing. The seasonal-average surface albeo from 2003―2005 is 0.25, 0.22, 0.24, 0.32 respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter on the degraded grassland surface,while it is 0.25, 0.21, 0.22, 0.33 respectively in spring, summer, autumn and winter on the cropland surface. The surface albedo becomes smaller with the increase of solar elevation angle. When the solar elevation angle is greater than 40°, the surface albedo changes very little and tends to be a constant. The surface albedo has negative exponent functions with soil moisture in the growing season.

关键词：半干旱地区表面反照率土壤湿度草地退化

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THE EFFECTS OF MONSOONS AND CONNECTIVITY OF SOUTH china SEA ON THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF WATER EXCHANGE IN THE LUZON STRAIT

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第2期21卷 264-270页

作者： ZHAO Wei HOU Yi-jun QI Peng LE Ken-tang LI Ming-kui Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China Graduate University of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China National meteorological Center Beijing 100081 China

Seasonal variations of water exchange in the Luzon Strait are studied numerically using the improved Princeton Ocean Model （POM） with a consideration of the effects of connectivity of South china Sea （SCS） and monsoons. The numerical simulations are carried out with the strategy of variable grids, coarse grids for the Pacific basin and fine grids for the SCS. It is shown that the Mindoro Strait plays an important role in adjusting the water balance between the Pacific and the SCS. The SCS monsoon in summer seasons hinders the entrance of the Pacific water into the SCS through the Luzon Strait while the SCS monsoon in winter seasons promotes the entrance of Pacific water into the SCS through the Luzon Strait. However, the SCS monsoon does not affect the annual mean Luzon Strait transport, as is mainly determined by the Pacific basin wind.

关键词： numerical experiment Kuroshio Luzon Strait transport seasonal variation

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Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 72-90页

作者： ZHANG Yong1,2,3, GU Xingfa1,3,4, YU Tao1,3, ZHANG Yuxiang5, CHEN Liangfu1,3, LI Xiaoying1,2,3, LI Xiaowen1,3 & HE Liming6 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of chinese academy of sciences and beijing Normal University, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. The Center for National Spaceborne Demonstration, beijing 100101, china 4. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Climat Sol Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France 5. National Satellite meteorological Center, beijing 100081, china 6. State Environmental Protection administration, beijing 100029, china State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Jointly Sponsored by the Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences The Center for National Spa

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric cross- calibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of china on Aug. 17, 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmi- ssion computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53 (gain, unit: DN/W m?2sr?1μm?1) and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).

关键词： CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band in-flight field calibration onboard blackbody calibration cross calibration.

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