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Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of Tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2.(1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china petroleum {2., Ministry of Education, beijing 102.49, china 2. The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development, Tarim Oilfield Company, Petrochina Company Limited, Korla 841000, china) [a]Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in China Petroleum University Beijing China [b]The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt Tarim basin.

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Sequence stratigraphic framework and distribution of depositional systems for the Paleogene in Liaodong Bay area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 1-10页

作者： ZHU XiaoMin1,DONG YanLei1,YANG JunSheng1,ZHANG Qin1,LI DeJiang2.XU ChangGui3 & YU Shui3 1 National Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,{2. 102.49,china 2.research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development——Langfang,Petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 Technology Department of CNOOC Tianjin Company,Tianjin 300452.china china Univ Petr Natl Key Lab Petr Resources & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Langfang Langfang 065007 Peoples R China CNOOC Tianjin Co Dept Technol Tianjin 300452 Peoples R China

With a comprehensive geological and geophysical data base,the Paleogene in the Liaodong Bay area,which consists of the Kongdian,Shahejie and Donghying Formations from the base to top,was divided into 4 second-order sequences and 8 third-order sequences based on the characteristics of the se-quence boundaries. Each third-order sequence is subdivided into the lowstand,lake transgressive and highstand systems tracts. The Lowstand systems tract (LST) is mainly composed of progradational parasequence sets,while the lake transgressive systems tract (TST) largely consists of the retrograda-tional parasequence sets and the highstand systems tract (HST) is dominated by the progradational parasequence sets. The main types of depositional systems include the shallow lake,semi-deep lake,deep lake,delta,fan delta,braided fluvial delta and nearshore subaqueous fan. The braided fluvial delta and fan delta depositional systems are mainly confined to the sequences of the lower SEs4-Ek,SEs3 and SEs1+2.while the sequences of SEd3,SEd2.and SEd1 are dominated by the delta and nearshore subaqueous fan depositional systems with the latter being developed at the downthrown side of the basin-bounding fault in each sequence. The evolution of the depositional systems is always con-trolled by the paleo-tectonic setting and the ancient landform in the space and geological time. It is concluded that the most favorable reservoirs are distributed in the Liaoxi low uplift and the central Liaozhong sag.

关键词： Liaodong Bay area Paleogene sequence stratigraphy sequence boundary depositional system

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Characteristics of the Bottom Boundary(T11) of Late Cretaceous Yaojia Formation in Songliao basin and Its Dynamic Background

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 141-142页

作者： Ying Song~(1,2.,Jianye Ren~3,Huaizhong Yang~2.1.Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources(china {2. of Geosciences),Ministry of Education,Wuhan 430074,china. 2.Faculty of Earth Resources,china {2. of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,china 3.Structural research center of Oil&Gas Bearing basin,Ministry of Education,Branch center in china {2. of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,china

Well-preserved Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in Songliao basin NE china provide a unique oppor- tunity both for building the terrestrial type stage of Cretaceous in china and for studying the response of Cretaceous major global geological *** basin had undergone three stages of tectonic evolution during the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous:syn-rifting phase,post-rifting thermal subsidence phase and basin inversion *** shallow strata of Yaojia Formation contain excellent Putaohua and Sartu reservoir rocks,which contribute great to the giant

关键词： Songliao basin tectonic inversion responding surface tectonic revolution

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Potential risks of spectrum whitening deconvolution——compared with well-driven deconvolution

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 146-152页

作者： Li Guofa Zhou Hui Zhao Chao State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Deconvolution is widely used to increase the resolution of seismic data. To compare the resolution ability of conventional spectrum whitening deconvolution to thin layers with that of welldriven deconvolution, a complex sedimentary geological model was designed, and then the simulated seismic data were processed respectively by each of the two methods. The amplitude spectrum of seismic data was almost white after spectrum whitening, but the wavelet resolution was low. The amplitude spectrum after well-driven deconvolution deviated from white spectrum, but the wavelet resolution was high. Further analysis showed that if an actual reflectivity series could not well satisfy the hypothesis of white spectrum, spectrum whitening deconvolution had a potential risk of wavelet distortion, which might lead to a pitfall in high resolution seismic data interpretation. On the other hand, the wavelet after well- driven deconvolution had higher resolution both in the time and frequency domains. It is favorable for high resolution seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction.

关键词： Well-driven high resolution spectrum whitening deconvolution seismic wavelet

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Prediction of petroleum exploration risk and subterranean spatial distribution of hydrocarbon accumulations

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 17-23页

作者： Xie Hongbing Guo Qiulin Li Feng Li Jianzhong Wu Na Hu Suyun Liang Kun School of Energy Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China research Institute of petroleum Exploration ＆ Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China Science ＆ Technology Management Department China National Petroleum CorporationBeijing 100007China

Investigation of spatial distribution of oil and gas resource and accurate prediction of the geographic location of its undiscovered resource is significant for reducing exploration risk and improving exploration benefit.A new method for predicting spatial distribution of oil resource is discussed in this *** consists of prediction of risk probability in petroleum exploration and simulation of hydrocarbon abundance. Exploration risk probability is predicted by multivariate statistics,fuzzy mathematics and information processing techniques.A spatial attribute database for sample wells was set up and the Mahalanobis distance and Fuzzy value of given samples were ***,the Bayesian formula was used to calculate the hydrocarbon-bearing probability at the area of exploration ***,a hydrocarbon probability template is formed and used to forecast the probability of the unknown area. The hydrocarbon abundance is simulated based on Fourier integrals,frequency spectrum synthesis and fractal ***,the fast Fourier transformation（FFT） is used to transform the known hydrocarbon abundance from the spatial domain to the frequency domain,then,frequency spectrum synthesis is used to produce the fractal frequency spectrum,and FFT is applied to get the phase information of hydrocarbon-bearing ***,the frequency spectrum simulation is used to calculate the renewed hydrocarbon abundance in the play. This method is used to predict the abundance and possible locations of the undiscovered petroleum accumulations in the Nanpu Sag of the Bohai Bay {2.,*** prediction results for the well-explored onshore area of the northern Nanpu Sag agree well with the actual *** the less-explored offshore areas in the southern Nanpu Sag,the prediction results suggest high hydrocarbon abundance in Nanpu-1 and Nanpu-2.providing a useful guiding for future exploration.

关键词： Hydrocarbon resources abundance risk forecast Nanpu sag frequency spectrum simulation fractal theory

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Fault System,Deformation Style and Development Mechanism of the Bachu Uplift,Tarim basin

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Journal of Earth Science 2012年第4期23卷 529-541页

作者：佟殿君张俊霞阳怀忠胡德胜任建业 Key Laboratory of Tectonics and petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education China University of Geosciences School of Economics and Management China University of Geosciences beijing research Institute CNOOC Zhanjiang Branch CNOOC Structral research center of Oil&Gas Bearing {2. Ministry of EducationChina University of Geosciences

The Bachu （巴楚） uplift is one of the most active tectonic regions nowadays in the Tarim basin, which is also a faulted block uplift that was intensively active during the Cenozoic. This study was based primarily on the geological structure interpretation of seismic profiles, applying the theories and methods of basin dynamics, structural analysis and tectono-stratigraphic analysis, the geometry and kinematics features of the fault systems in the Bachn uplift were analyzed in detail. Our study shows that each fault belt is mainly characterized by compression and overthrusting, most of the faults initiated and activated during the Mid-Late Himalayan period, and that the general structural styles of the Bachu uplift were basement-involved pop-up thrust faulted block uplift, of which the southern margin was covered by the large-scale decollement fault system. The basement-involved structures widely developed in the higher position of the basement uplift, while decollement fault system developed mainly at the position with gypsum mudstone. The evolution process of Bachu uplift included back-bulge slope of the peripheral foreland basin in Mid-Late Caledonian, forebulge in HercynianYanshanian and the latest compressional faulted block uplift in Mid-Late Himalayan. Meanwhile,the study also suggests that the formation, reconstruction and stabilization of the uplift were controlled by the development and evolution of fault systems clearly. In the early forebulge stage, it was mainly presented as flexural deformation without the developing of thrust faults in the Bachu area; to the late stage, under the influence of violent lateral compression deformation, the faulted block uplift formed finally.

关键词： fault system structural style structural evolution Bachu uplift Tarim basin.

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Gas formation mechanism of marine carbonate source rocks in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第4期48卷 441-453页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Zhaoyun1, HE Haiqing2. ZHANG Mingjie3, WANG Hongjun1, WANG Yunpeng4 & QIN Yong5 1. research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development, Petro{2., beijing 100083, {2. 2. Petro{2. Exploration & Production, beijing 100011, {2. 3. Department of Geology, Lanzhou university, Lanzhou 730000, {2. 4. Guangzhou Geochemical Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, {2. 5. {2. university of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 2.1000, {2. 1. research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development 100083 PetroChinaBeijin China 2. Petrochina Exploration & Production 100011 Beijing China 3. Department of Geology Lanzhou University 730000 Lanzhou China 4. Guangzhou Geochemical Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences 510640 Guangzhou China 5. china university of Mining and Technology 221000 Xuzhou China

By breaking through the conventional ideology on the study of gas-formation mechanism of source rocks which focused on merely the characteristics of source rocks them- selves, and based on the development and distribution characteristics of marine carbonate source rocks in the medium-to-bottom parts of the Chinese superimposed sedimentary basins as well as various processes in the course of gas generation and reservoir forming, the complex hydrocarbon-generating model of carbonates is established. Such a model concerns not only the “three-stage” gas formation characteristics of carbonates, but also the gas generation process due to a thermal cracking of oil and the re-generation process of gas from heated secondary organic matters during the gas-generation and reservoir-forming course. The high-quality hy- drocarbon generating matter of marine carbonate source rocks determined a high gas-oil ratio and tended to form paleo-oil-reservoirs, representing an enrichment process of organic matters. The thermal cracking of oil in palaeo-oil-reservoirs is an important means for the effective forma- tion of gas reservoirs. The secondary organic matters in carbonate reservoirs may regenerate gas after a secondary deep burial, thus becoming an effective gas source.

关键词： carbonate, three-stage hydrocarbon generation, inhibitive effect of maturity, oil-cracking gas, second-ary asphalt gas.

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Water in peridotite xenoliths from South china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2011年第10期54卷 1511-1522页

作者： WANG Rong 1,2.3 & ZHANG BaoMin 3 1 Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming university of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, china 2.State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits {2., Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, china 3 Faculty of Earth Science, china university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 1. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China2. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China3. Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

The water contents of nominally anhydrous clinopyroxene （cpx）, orthopyroxene （opx） and olivine （ol） in peridotite xenoliths hosted by Cenozoic basalts from Yingfengling, Zhangchouchun, Fujitian and Lindi, South china, were measured by Micro- FTIR. All cpx and opx grains contained a certain amount of water, which was indicated by the presence of hydroxyls in the crystal structure. The water contents （H2., ppm） of cpx and opx from peridotite xenoliths of the study areas were 2.3-981, 183-752. 73-586 and 51-42. ppm, and 82.471, 74-571, 53-170 and 9-135 ppm, respectively. No prominent OH absorption bands were detected for any ol grains, indicating that the water contents were below the detection limit （approximately 2.ppm）. The entire rock contents recalculated according to mineral volume proportions were 49-163, 48-168, 2.-111 and 8-40 ppm, respectively. Combined with previously reported data describing the water contents of peridotite xenoliths worldwide, the results presented here suggest that water distribution in the continental lithospheric mantle is spatially heterogeneous at a global scale. The lithospheric mantle of South china is much richer in water than that of the North china Craton, and is close to that typical of off-craton localities, such as the basin and Range Province, and Massif Central.

关键词： FTIR water peridotite xenoliths South china

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Dipole anomaly in the Arctic atmosphere and winter Arctic sea ice motion

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1529-1536页

作者： WU Bingyi1, ZHANG Renhe1 & WANG Jia2.1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, beijing 100081, china 2. International Arctic {2. center, university of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 1. Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. International Arctic research center University of Alaska Fairbanks 99775 AK USA

This paper investigates a previously-ignored atmospheric circulation anomaly-di- pole structure anomaly in the arctic atmosphere, and its relationship with the winter sea ice mo- tion, based on analyses of the International Arctic Buoy Programme Data (1979―1998) and datasets from the National center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National center for Atmospheric {2. (NCAR) for the period of 1960―2.02. The dipole structure anomaly is the second-leading mode of EOF of monthly mean SLP north of 70°N during the winter season (Oct.―Mar.), which accounts for 13% of the variance. One of its two anomaly centers is over the Canadian Archipelago; the other is situated over northern Eurasia and the Siberian marginal seas. Due to the dipole structure anomaly’s strong meridionality, it becomes an important mechanism to drive both anomalous sea ice export out of the Arctic basin and cold air outbreaks into the Barents Sea, the Nordic Seas and northern Europe.

关键词： dipole anomaly, winter season, Arctic, sea ice motion, sea ice export.

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Analysis of the ambiguity of log-constrained seismic impedance inversion

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petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 151-156页

作者： Li Guofa Li Hao Ma Yanyan Xiong Jinliang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of Geophysical Prospecting China National Petroleum Corporation Beijing 102249 China Dagang Oil field PetroChina Tianjin 300280 China

Although the ambiguity of seismic inversion is widely recognized in both theory and practice, so far as a concrete inversion example is concerned, there is not any objective, controllable method or any standard for how to evaluate and determine its ambiguity and reliability, especially for the high frequency components beyond the effective seismic frequency band. Taking log-constrained impedance inversion as an example, a new appraisal method is proposed on the basis of analyzing a simple geological model. Firstly, the inverted impedance model is transformed to a reflection coefficient series. Secondly, the maximum effective frequency of the real seismic data is chosen as a cutoff point and the reflection coefficient series is decomposed into two components by low-pass and high-pass filters. Thirdly, the geometrical reflection characteristics of the high-frequency components and that of the real seismic data are compared and analyzed. Then, the reliability of the inverted impedance model is appraised according to the similarity of geometrical characteristics between the high-frequency components and the real seismic data. The new method avoids some subjectivity in appraising the inverted result, and helps to enhance the reliability of reservoir prediction by impedance inversion technology.

关键词： Log-constrained impedance reflection coefficients seismic inversion ambiguity

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