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Wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and their effects on seismic imaging

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petroleum Science 2008年第4期5卷 308-313页

作者： Di Bangrang Xu Xiucang Wei Jianxin Key Laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Acquisition footprint is a new concept to describe the seismic noise in three-dimensional seismic exploration and it is closely related to geometry and observation shuttering. At present, the study on acquisition footprints has become a hot spot. In partnership with the Dagang Oilfield, we used the channel sand body seismic physical model to study the characteristics of wide/narrow azimuth acquisition footprints and analyzed and compared the two types of footprints and their effects on target imaging. In addition, the footprints caused by data processing of the normal moveout offset （NMO） stretching aberration were discussed. These footprints are located only in the shallow or middle layer in the time slice, and possibly affect the imaging of shallow target layers, and have no influence on deep target imaging. Seismic physical modeling has its advantages in the study of acquisition footprints.

关键词： Wide/narrow azimuth geometry acquisition footprint stretching aberration time slice seismic imaging

Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim basin,NW china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2.LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,{2. 102.49,china 2.State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining,china university of Mining & Technology,{2. 100083,china 3 Exploration research center,Exploration & Development Institute,china Petrochemical Corporation,{2. 100083,china 1. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China3. Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing 100083 China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim basin,NW china,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei *** reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the *** the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological *** stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2. The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen

Main progress and problems in research on Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation in the Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 147-163页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Tian Jun Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxue Li Sumei basin and reservoir {2. center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The Tarim basin is the largest petroliferous basin in the northwest of {2., and is composed of a Paleozoic marine craton basin and a Meso-Cenozoic continental foreland basin. It is of great significance in exploration of Ordovician. In over 50 years of exploration, oil and gas totaling over 1.6 billion tonnes oil-equivalent has been discovered in the Ordovician carbonate formation. The accumulation mechanisms and distribution rules are quite complicated because of the burial depth more than 3,500 m, multi-source, and multi-stage accumulation, adjustment, reconstruction and re-enrichment in Ordovician. In this paper, we summarized four major advances in the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. First, oil came from Cambrian and Ordovician source rocks separately and as a mixture, while natural gas was mainly cracked gas generated from the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician crude oil. Second, most hydrocarbon migrated along unconformities and faults, with different directions in different regions. Third, hydrocarbon migration and accumulation had four periods： Caledonian, early Hercynian, late Hercynian and Himalayan, and the latter two were the most important for oil and gas exploration. Fourth, hydrocarbon accumulation and evolution can be generally divided into four stages： Caledonian （the period of hydrocarbon accumulation）, early Hercynian （the period of destruction）, late Hercynian （the period of hydrocarbon reconstruction and re-accumulation）, and Himalayan （the period of hydrocarbon adjustment and re-accumulation）. Source rocks （S）, combinations of reservoir-seal （C）, paleo-uplifts （M）, structure balance belt （B） matched in the same time （T） control the hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Ordovician formations. reservoir adjustment and reconstruction can be classified into two modes of physical adjustment and variation of chemical compositions and five mechanisms. These mechanisms are occurrence displacement, biodegradat

关键词： Tarim basin carbonate reservoirs oil and gas exploration of the Ordovician hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism hydrocarbon enrichment rule

Neutron and density logging responses to gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging:Gas reservoirs of sandstone in a western {2. field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 201-206页

作者： WU WenSheng1,XIAO LiZhi1 & ZHANG LongHai2.1 Resource & Information Department,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,{2. 2.research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,Petro{2.,beijing 100083,{2. china Univ Petr Resource & Informat Dept Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Studying the response differences between neutron and density logging of gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging will be of significance in evaluation of gas reservoir under the under-balanced condition and application of logging data. With Monte Carlo simulation technique,the paper obtains the relationship between neutron and density logging measurement and borehole di-ameter,porosity or gas saturation for well-balanced and under-balanced logging. The conclusions show that the response trend of under-balanced logging to gas reservoirs agrees with that of well-balanced logging with small borehole,and under-balanced logging data can be used usually as well-balanced logging data. When borehole diameter is large,under-balanced logging data should be corrected for the influences of borehole.

关键词： under-balanced logging density logging neutron logging gas reservoir response

Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East china Sea basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 122-130页

作者： CHEN JianPing 1,2.,GE HePing 3 ,CHEN XiaoDong 3 ,DENG ChunPing 1,2.&LIANG DiGang 1,2.1 research Institute of petroleum Exploration&Development,Petro{2.,beijing 100083,{2. 2.Key Lab of petroleum Geochemistry,CNPC,beijing 100083,{2. 3 Shanghai Division,CNOOC,Shanghai 2.0030,{2. 1. research Institute of petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China2. Key Lab of Petroleum Geochemistry CNPC Beijing 100083 China3. Shanghai Division CNOOC Shanghai 200030 China

Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag,the East china Sea basin,differ greatly in gaseous compositions,of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2.―94%while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by *** hydrocarbon gases,without exception,contain less than 90%of methane and over 10%of C2.+ heavier hydrocarbons,indicating a wet *** isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed thatδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2.andδ13C 3 are basically lighter than-44‰,-2.‰and-2.‰, *** difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great,suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation.δ13C CO2.values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than-10‰,indicating a typical abiogenic *** simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit,consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the ***, δ13C 1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit whileδ13C 2.andδ13C 3 values of the former are over 9‰heavier than those of the *** the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas {2. in Lishui Sag,where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter,therefore,natural gases in the

关键词： Lishui Sag natural gas biogenesis abiogenesis lacustrine source rock marine source rock coal-measures source rock

Multi-origin alkanes related to CO_2.rich, mantle-derived fluid in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第20期47卷 1756-1760页

作者： JIN Zhijun, ZHANG Liuping, ZENG Jianhui & YANG Leibasin & reservoir {2. center, university of petroleum, beijing 102.49, china Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism of Chinese Ministry of Education, university of petroleum, beijing 1 basin and reservoir {2. center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Key Lab. Hydrocarbon Accumul. Mech. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

With the newly obtained carbon isotope data for the natural gas, a pilot study of multiple-sourced alkanes related to the mantled-derived fluid is presented. The carbon isotope values of alkanes in the Dongying Sag possess the features indicating a general organic origin. However, there are two sub-populations in the isotopic data set, which reflect two specific types of origins. In general, the sub-population with high δ13CCH4 values is related to the CO2.rich, mantle-derived fluid, and it is distributed in the belts where mantle-derived fluid flow and basic volcanic activities have occurred. Geological and geochemical studies demonstrate that this variation of methane carbon isotope values in the Dongying Sag is unrelated with the basin bury and thermal histories, types of source rocks, and reactions between basin fluid and rocks. Mixing of mantle-derived fluid and organic sourced hydrocarbons is probably the cause for the variation.

关键词： mantle-derived fluid organic origin hydrocarbons in-teraction carbon isotope.

Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation along the fault intersection zone-a case study on the reef-flat systems of the No.1 slope break zone in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 211-225页

作者： Xiang Caifu Pang Xiongqi Yang Wenjing Wang Jianzhong LiQiming Liu Luofu Li Yanqun State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoir {2. center School of Natural Resources and Information Technology China University ofPetroleum Beijing 102249 China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

Understanding hydrocarbon migration and accumulation mechanisms is one of the key scientif ic problems that should be solved for effective hydrocarbon exploration in the superimposed basins developed in northwest china. The northwest striking No.1 slope break zone, which is a representative of superimposed basins in the Tarim basin, can be divided into five parts due to the intersection of the northeast strike-slip faults. Controlled by the tectonic framework, the types and properties of reservoirs and the hydrocarbon compositions can also be divided into five parts from east to west. Anomalies of all the parameters were found on the fault intersection zone and weakened up-dip along the structural ridge away from it. Thus, it can be inferred that the intersection zone is the hydrocarbon charging position. This new conclusion differs greatly from the traditional viewpoint, which believes that the hydrocarbon migrates and accumulates along the whole plane of the No.1 slope break zone. The viewpoint is further supported by the evidence from the theory of main pathway systems, obvious improvement of the reservoir quality （2.3 orders of magnitude at the intersection zone） and the formation mechanisms of the fault intersection zone. Differential hydrocarbon migration and entrapment exists in and around the strike- slip faults. This is controlled by the internal structure of faults. It is concluded that the more complicated the fault structure is, the more significant the effects will be. If there is a deformation band, it will hinder the cross fault migration due to the common feature of two to four orders of magnitude reduction in permeability. Otherwise, hydrocarbons tend to accumulate in the up-dip structure under the control of buoyancy. Further research on the internal fault structure should be emphasized.

关键词： Geologic chromatographic effect fault intersection zone differential hydrocarbon migration and accumulation superimposed basin Tazhong area Tarim basin

Characteristics and genetic mechanism of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 11-19页

作者： ZHONG DaKang & ZHU XiaoMin china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,{2. 1. china university of petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Systematic researches to the clastic reservoirs in various types and various geological ages {2.s in china indicate that the present burial depth of deep buried clastic eureservoir ranges from 3000 to 6000 m,and its geological ages from Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic. It mainly deposited in delta (including braid delta,fan delta,normal delta),river,also shore,shallow lake,gravity flow channel and turbidity fan facies. The quartzose sandstone is the main reservoir rock of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in the shore facies in Paleozoic,but the arenite and arkose sandstones are the main reservoir rock types in delta,river,shallow lake and gravity flow facies in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The porosity of most of deep-buried clastic eureservoir is more than 10% and permeability more than 10×10?3 μm2. The forma-tion of the deep-buried eureservoir was related to the paleotectonics,paleotemperature,sedimentary environment,the deep dissolution caused by organic acid or carbonic acid,burial style,the abnormal high pore fluid pressure,early hydrocarbon charging,gyprock sealing,hot convective fluid flow and the mode of sand-mud interbedded,etc. The paleotectonics controls the burial style of sandstones,and the paleotemperature controls the diagenesis process. The sedimentary environment is the precondi-tion and foundation,the dissolution is the direct reason to generate the deep buried clastic eureservoir. The abnormal high pore fluid pressure,gyprock sealing,the mode of sand-mud interbedded,early hy-drocarbon charging and the structure fractures were the assistant factors of generating the deep buried clastic eureservoir.

关键词： deep buried clastic eureservoir characteristics genetic mechanism controlling factors

Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 164-178页

作者： Zhou Xinyuan Pang Xiongqi Li Qiming Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxne Li Sumei Liu Luofu Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China basin and reservoir {2. center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China

Located in the middle of the Tarim basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

关键词： Tarim basin petroleum geology and exploration controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation rules of hydrocarbon accumulation