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Attention and available long-term memory in an activation-based model

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第6期53卷 743-752页

作者： LIU ZhaoMin1,GUO ChunYan2,3 & LUO Liang4 1 School of Sociology,china University of Political Science and Law,beijing 102249,china 2 beijing key laboratory of learning and Cognition,Department of Psychology,Capital normal University,beijing 100048,china 3 key laboratory of Mental Health,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china 4 state key laboratory of cognitive Neuroscience and learning,beijing normal University,beijing 100875,china School of Sociology China University of Political Science and Law Beijing China beijing key {2. of learning and Cognition Department of Psychology Capital Normal University Beijing China key laboratory of Mental Health Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China state key {2. of cognitive Neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China

The influence of attention on memorizing related items and on available long-term memory (ALTM) was explored,showing that N400 of no-memory items was more negative than that of the memory *** results of the category comparison task indicated that information processing under attention-driven in WM determined the availability of related long-term memory,i.e.,specific content,which was formerly concerned or ignored,yielding different indirect semantic priming *** indicate that the orientation of conceptual attention leads the related representations of LTM to diverse activation patterns,supporting the activation-based model.

关键词： activation-based model attention available long-term memory event-related potentials

Redevelopment of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on a simple optimization model

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 568-574页

作者： CHENG Hong & ZOU XueYong state key {2. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,beijing normal University,beijing 100875,china MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,beijing normal University,beijing 100875,china key {2. of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of china,beijing normal University,beijing 100875,china state key {2. of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing China MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal University Beijing China key laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of{2. Beijing Normal University Beijing China

This paper is a redevelopment result of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on our previous *** sand flow is a complex multi-phase flow because of a special two-phase gas-solid flow near ground *** extensive research on the movement of blowing sand,no model fully characterizes aeolian sand flow,and large differences often exist between simulations of aeolian sand movement and field *** key problem is a few of sufficient research on liftoff rates of saltating sand grains(also called the number of liftoff sand grains per unit time and per unit bed area).It is necessary to re-search in advance liftoff rates of saltating sand *** redeveloped liftoff rates of saltating sand grains by establishing an optimization model based on the flux of aeolian sand flow at different heights of the sampler in wind tunnel and the simulated capture of saltating sand grains by different heights of the sampler that are from different liftoff position(distance from the sampler) in order to revise previous inversion condition of liftoff rates of saltating sand *** rates increased rapidly with increasing wind *** frictional wind velocities of u=0.67,0.77,0.82.0.83,and 0.87 m s-1,liftoff rates were 3840,954502.52.5114,5499407,and 76962.1 sand grain s-1 m-2.*** rates could be expressed as the square of the instantaneous frictional wind velocity and a constant(0.663) that differs from the critical(threshold) frictional wind velocity at which saltation *** our results require additional experimental validation and the simple optimization model must be improved,they nonetheless provide a strong basis for future research.

关键词： liftoff rates of saltating sand grains optimization model wind tunnel two-phase gas-solid flow

Estimation methods of eco-environmental water requirements: Case study

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1280-1292页

作者： YANG Zhifeng1,2. CUI Baoshan1 & LIU Jingling 1. School of Environment, beijing normal University,{2., china 2. state key Joint laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control,{2., china School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing China state key Joint {2. of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control Beijing China

Supplying water to the ecological environment with certain quantity and quality is significant for the protection of diversity and the realization of sustainable development. The conception and connotation of eco-environmental water requirements, including the definition of the conception, the composition and characteristics of eco-environmental water requirements, are evaluated in this paper. The classification and estimation methods of eco-environmental water requirements are then proposed. On the basis of the study on the Huang-Huai-Hai Area, the present water use, the minimum and suitable water requirement are estimated and the cor-responding water shortage is also calculated. According to the interrelated programs, the eco-environmental water requirements in the coming years (2.10, 2.30, 2.50) are estimated. The result indicates that the minimum and suitable eco-environmental water requirements fluc-tuate with the differences of function setting and the referential standard of water resources, and so as the water shortage. Moreover, the study indicates that the minimum eco-environmental water requirement of the study area ranges from 2.84×1010m3 to 1.02.1011m3, the suitable water requirement ranges from 6.45×1010m3 to 1.78×1011m3, the water shortage ranges from 9.1×109m3 to 2.16×1010m3 under the minimum water requirement, and it is from 3.07×1010m3 to 7.53×1010m3 under the suitable water requirement. According to the different values of the water shortage, the water priority can be allocated. The ranges of the eco-environmental water re-quirements in the three coming years (2.10, 2.30, 2.50) are 4.49×1010m3?1.73×1011m3, 5.99×10m3?2.09×1011m3, and 7.44×1010m3?2.52.1011m3, respectively.

关键词： eco-environmental water requirements, assessment methods, Huang-Huai-Hai area.

Study on NDVI-T_s space by combining LAI and evapotranspiration

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第7期49卷 747-754页

作者： HAN Lijuan1,2.3, WANG Pengxin4, YANG Hua1,2.3, LIU Shaomin1,2.3 & WANG Jindi1,2.3 1. Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, beijing normal University,{2., china 2. state key laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,{2., china 3. beijing key laboratory for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities,{2., china 4. Department of Information Management, College of Information and Electronic Engineering, china Agricultural University, beijing 100083, china Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS School of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing China state key {2. of Remote Sensing Science Beijing China beijing key {2. for Remote Sensing of Environment and Digital Cities Beijing China Department of Information Management College of Information and Electronic Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China

This paper focuses on interpreting the different spatial relationships between NDVI and Ts, a triangular or a trapezoid, and on analyzing transformation conditions, the physical and ecological meanings of the vegetation index-surface temperature space as well. Further, we use the Tempera-ture-Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) to explain the existent meaning of a triangular space after NDVI reaches its saturated state by employing the relationships between NDVI, LAI and evapotranspiration. The specific relations between NDVI and Ts are useful for describing, validating and updating land surface models.

关键词： NDVI, land surface temperature, evapotranspiration, leave area index.

Inconspicuous anchoring effects generated by false information

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1375-1382页

作者： Chen Qu~(a,b) Jun Wang~a Yuejia Luo~(a,c,*) a state key {2. of cognitive Neuroscience and learning,beijing normal University,beijing 100875,china b Center for studies of Psychological Application,South china normal University Guangzhou,510631,china c key {2. of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china state key {2. of cognitive Neuroscience and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The impact of false information on numerical judgments was examined on young normal subjects by an event-related potential(ERP) *** imitate the judgments in real world,we ensured the subjects acknowledged of the target *** behavioral results found that both uncertain information and false information assimilated the final estimates:higher after higher anchors and lower after lower anchors;and false information caused a weaker anchoring bias than uncertain *** results provided further electro- physiological evidence for the mechanism of *** the early phrase,it was an accessibility-dominated process in which two kinds of anchors elicited an N300 component related to the accessibility of anchors *** knowledge relevant to targets joined the process in the late phrase,which caused a larger amplitude of late positive component(LPC)for implausible lower anchors than that for plausible higher *** analysis showed that medial frontal gyrus,whose activity was suggested to signal the need of adjust- ment,was more reliable to explain the LPC elicited by implausible lower ***,we suggest that accessibility is facilitated when the external anchor is consistent with the world knowledge,and adjustment is initiated when the external anchor is inconsistent.

关键词： False anchors Anchoring effects Accessibility Adjustment ERP

Node ordinal encoded genetic algorithm for the optimal allocation of water resources

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第5期15卷 448-452页

作者： YANG Xiaohua1*, YANG Zhifeng 1,2. SHEN Zhenyao1 and LI Jianqiang3(1. state key {2. of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, beijing normal University, beijing 100875, china 2. key {2. for Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education, School of Environment, beijing normal University, beijing 100875, china 3. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, MWR, beijing 100011, china) state key Lab. of Water Environ. Simulation Sch. of Environ. Beijing Normal Univ. Beijing 100875 China key Lab. for Water and Sediment Sci. Min. of Edu. Sch. of Environ. Beijing Normal Univ. Beijing 100875 China Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Inst. MWR Beijing 100011 China

A new method, node ordinal encoded genetic algorithm (NOEGA), is proposed for solving water resources optimal allocation problems, in which the capacity of water resources is split into a number of smaller parts so that successive operations can be overlapped. Our objective is to maximize the whole benefit function. To overcome the “dimensionality and algorithm complexity curse” while searching for solutions and looking for an optimal solution, the operations of one-point crossover operator, gene exchange operator, gene random operator, gene shift operator and node ordinal strings are established. It is proved to be an effective optimal method in searching for global solutions. The NOEGA does not need a diversity of initial population, and it does not have the problem of immature convergence. The results of two cases show that using NOEGA to solve the optimal allocation model is very efficient and robust. In addition, the algorithm complexity of NOEGA is discussed.

关键词： water resources optimal allocation node ordinal code genetic algorithm.

Brain structure in diving players on MR imaging studied with voxel-based morphometry

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第10期19卷 1397-1402页

作者： Gaoxia Wei a,Jing Luo a,Youfa Lib a key laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,{2. 100101,china b National key laboratory of cognitive Neurosciences and learning,{2. normal University,{2. 100875,china key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National key laboratory of {2. Neurosciences and learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

We adopted professional diving players as a typical subject pool to explore whether structural brain differences relative to motor skill acquisition exist between highly skilled athletes and *** on the voxel-based morphometric(VBM) technique,structural MRIs of the brains of 12.elite diving players with professional training were analyzed and compared with those of control subjects without any professional physical *** players showed significantly increased gray matter density in the thalamus and left pre-central gyrus than control ***,future researches are needed to prove the contribution of preposition and *** also suggests that athletes as the subject pool could form a new subject pool to explore plastic change induced by motor skill acquisition.

关键词： Cortical plasticity Motor skill acquisition Voxel-based morphometry Diving players

Sediment transport capacity of hyperconcentrated flow

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第8期51卷 961-975页

作者： SHU AnPing1,2.& FEI XiangJun2.1 School of Environment & key laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education,{2. normal University,{2. 100875,china 2.state key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,{2. 100084,china School of Environment & key laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing China state key {2. of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China

As one of the most important components of river mechanics,sediment transport capacity of sediment-laden flows has attracted much attention from many researchers working on river mechanics and hydraulic engineering. Based on the time-averaged equation for a turbulent energy equilibrium in solid and liquid two-phase flow,an expression for the efficiency coefficient of suspended load movement was derived for the two-dimensional,steady,uniform,fully-developed turbulent flow. A new structural expression of sediment transport capacity was achieved. Using 115 runs of flume experimental data,which were obtained through two kinds of sediment transport experiments in the state of equilibrium,in combination with the basic rheological and sediment transporting characteristics of hyperconcentrated flow,the main parameters in the structural expression of sediment transport capacity were calibrated,and a new formula of sediment transport capacity for hyperconcentrated flow was developed. A large amount of field data from the Yellow River,Wuding River,and Yangtze River,etc. were adopted to verify the new formula and good agreement was obtained. These results above contribute to an improved theoretical system of river mechanics and a reliable tool for management of rivers carrying high concentration of sediments.

关键词： hyperconcentrated flow turbulent energy equilibrium efficiency coefficient sediment transport capacity

An ideal interval method of multi-objective decision-making for comprehensive assessment of water resources renewability

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第Z1期47卷 42-50页

作者： YANG Xiaohua1, YANG Zhifeng1,2. SHEN Zhenyao1 & LI Jianqiang3 1. School of Environment, state key {2. of Water Environment Simulation, beijing normal Univer- sity, beijing 100875, china 2. School of Environment, key {2. for Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education, beijing normal University, beijing 100875, china 3. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, MWR, beijing 100011, china School of Environment State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China key laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences Beijing Normal University Ministry of Education Beijing 100875 China Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute MWR Beijing 100011 China

In order to estimate water resources renewability scientifically, an Ideal Interval Method of Multiple Objective Decision-Making (IIMMODM) is presented. This method is developed through improving an ideal point method of multiple objective decision-making. The ideal interval is obtained with assessment standard instead of ideal points. The weights are decided by using the basic point and gray code accelerating genetic algorithm. This method has synthesized the expert’s suggestion and avoided giving a mark for the objective again. It could solve the complicated problem of compatible or incompatible multi-objective assessment. The principle of IIMMODM is presented in this paper. It is used to assess the water resources renewability for nine administrative divisions in the Yellow River basin. The result shows that the water resources renewability in the Yellow River basin is very low. Compared with the gray associate analysis method, fuzzy synthesis method and genetic projection pursuit method, the IIMMODM is easier to use. Compared with the ideal point method of multiple objective decision-making, the IIMMODM has good robustness, which is applicable to the comprehensive assessments of water resources.

关键词： water resources renewability, comprehensive assessment, multiple objective decision-making,ideal interval, Yellow River basin.