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Carbon and hydrogen isotopic characteristics of natural gases from the Luliang and Baoshan basins in Yunnan Province, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第9期49卷 938-946页

作者： XU Yongchang1, LIU Wenhui2. SHEN Ping1, WANG Wanchun1, WANG Xiaofeng1, Tenger1, YAN Yaomin3 & LIU Ruobin3 1. Lanzhou center of Oil & Gas Resources, institute of {2. and Geophsics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China 2. research institute of petroleum exploration and Production, SINOPEC, beijing 100083, China 3. South Branch of petroleum exploration and Production Company, SINOPEC, Kuming 650000, China 1. Lanzhou center of Oil & Gas Resources Institute of Geology and Geophsics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China 2. research institute of {2. exploration and Production SINOPEC Beijing 100083 China 3. South Branch of petroleum exploration and Production Company SINOPEC Kuming 650000 China

The Luliang and Baoshan basins of Yunnan Province are two small-sizedcontinental oil/gas-bearing sedimentary basins, which were developed at the bases of theCarboniferous and Devonian systems during the Late Tertiary, covering an area of 32. km^2.and 2.4km^2. respectively. Since the 1990s, there have been discovered small-sized natural gas pools inthese two basins. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases, with nonhydrocarbonsaccounting for less than 2.. Of the hydrocarbon gases, methane accounts for more than 99%, and thecomponents above C_2.account for less than 0.2.. On the basis of previous studies of geologicalbackground, the composition of natural gases and their carbon isotopic composition, it has beendefined that these two gas pools are of bacterial origin. In this work we have comprehensivelymeasured the carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gases from these two basins andhave gone into the details of the mechanism of gas generation. The δ^(13)C_1 values of naturalgases from the Luliang Basin are within the range of -72.1 per thousand - -73.3 per thousand, andthe δD_(CH_4) values, -2.2.per thousand - -2.4 per thousand, indicating that the bacterial gasgeneration is dominated by the way of CO_2.reduction. It has been evidenced that undercontinental-facies fresh water conditions there did occur the CO_2.reduction as a process ofbacterial gas generation. The δ^(13)C_1 values of natural gases from the Baoshan Basin are withinthe range of - 62.5 per thousand - -63.5 per thousand, and the δD_(CH_4) values, -2.2.per thousand- -2.0 per thousand. These isotopic characteristics are fallen into transitional phase of acetatefermentation and CO_2.reduction as defined by Whiticar et al. (1986). An important discovery in theLuliang Basin is the carbon isotopic composition of ethane of purely biogenetic origin, i.e., itsδ^(13)C_2.values are within the range of - 61.2.per thousand - - 66.0 per thousand. These carbonisotopic values have been r

关键词： bacterial gas, carbon and hydrogen isotope, CO2 reduction, acetate fermentation.

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Control of coupling among three major factors for formation of high-efficiency gas reservoir——A case study on the oolitic beach gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 201-214页

作者： WANG ZeCheng1, ZHAO WenZhi2. ZHANG ShuiChang3, WANG HongJun1 & YU Qian4 1 institute of geology,{2., beijing 100083, China 2.2., beijing 100083, China 3 testing center of petroleum geology,{2., beijing 100083, China 4 Chengdu institute of geology and Mineral Resources, Chengdu 610082. China

Through a case study of the high-efficiency gas reservoir in Feixianguan Formation in the northeast Sichuan Basin, quantitative and semi-quantitative analyses of key elements such as hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, and reservoir evolution as well as their interplay in the critical moment of reservoir formation controlled by the energy field were carried out, by means of numerical modeling of the energy field. It was found that the climax time for Permian hydrocarbon generation was Late Triassic-Early Jurassic and accumulation of oil and gas has resulted in large-scale paleoreservoirs in paleostructural traps in Feixianguan Formation, a process facilitated by fractures connecting the sources. The paleoreservoirs have been turned into high-efficiency gas kitchens due to pyrolysis, which resulted from deep burial at a temperature of 170―2.0 ℃ as induced by tremendously thick sedimentation in the foreland basin of Daba Mountain in Late Jurassic-Cretaceous period. Meanwhile, abundant acid gas like H2. produced from thermo-chemical sulfate reduction (TSR) at high temperatures leads to extensive dissolution of dolostone in the paleoreservoirs, which may in turn result in modification of the reservoirs and preservation of the reservoir rock porosity. The present distribution of gas reservoirs was ultimately determined in the processes of adjustment, cooling and decompression of the paleoreservoirs resulting from intense deformation in the front of Daba Mountain during the Himalayan orogeny.

关键词： energy field coupling numerical modeling high-efficiency gas reservoir Feixianguan Formation Sichuan Basin

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Relations between spatial distribution and sequence types of the Cambrian-Ordovician marine source rocks in Tarim Basin

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 92-102页

作者： GAO ZhiYong, ZHANG ShuiChang, ZHANG XingYang & ZHU RuKai Experiment & research center of {2. geology, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, PetroChina, beijing100083, China

Marine source rocks are considered to be mainly composed of the Cambrian-Ordovician deposit in Tarim Basin. Based on the previous studies made by other researchers, the authors calculated the thickness and distribution scale of these Cambrian-Ordovician source rocks by integrating sequence stratigraphy with investigations on sedimentary environments, well-shooting demarcating and calibrating the thickness of unknown source rocks with the thickness of the known ones according to characteristics of the source rocks that have "double track" seismic lineup reflectance. The results showed that the distribution area of the Lower-Cambrian Yuertusi Fm. source rock in platform inner depressions, slopes and deep basins is much bigger than that of the Middle Cambrian evaporite-lagoon source rock. Moreover, the former is superior to the latter in terms of the source rock quality. Likewise, the Middle-Ordovician Heituao Fm. source rock in the slopes and deep basins has a much wider distribution and better quality than the Upper Ordovician, and its quality is also better than those of the Shaergan and Yinggan Fms. source rock within platforms as well as the lime-mud-mound source rock along the fringe of the Upper-Ordovician platform. Most good Lower-Cambrian source rocks of the Kalpin outcrop lie on the initial ingression surface or in the condensed member of the Type I sequence. In this section, the source rock in Type II is inferior to that in Type I, even being far from an effective one (TOC: 2.in Type II. Thus, the distribution of the source rock dev

关键词： Tarim Basin Cambrian-Ordovician system source rock sequence type ingression rate.

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Discussion of gas enrichment mechanism and natural gas origin in marine sedimentary basin,China

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 62-76页

作者： ZHU GuangYou, ZHAO WenZhi, ZHANG ShuiChang, LIANG YingBo & WANG ZhengJun research center of {2. geology, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, PetroChina, beijing 100083, China

There are abundant natural gas resources in Chinese marine sedimentary basin. The exploration hot shots of natural gas are the Palaeozoic marine strata here in recent years, and several large scale gas fields have been discovered. Chinese Palaeozoic high-post matured and coal measure hydrocarbon source rocks are mainly prone to gas generation in the present. This research considered that gas source rocks and TSR are the key cause of gas enrichment of marine strata. High-quality argillaceous and coal measure hydrocarbon rocks are distributed widely in the Palaeozoic marine strata, which have been in highly matured phase in the present. The argillaceous source rock generally contains various sulfates that could accelerate crude oil cracking to gas for TSR occurrence, and coal measure source rock mainly generates gas, so Chinese marine basin gives priority to accumulating gas. Marine strata have not founded oil reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin, and they consist mainly of dry gas. Marine natural gases are the mixed gases of oil cracking gas and coal-formed gas in a general way, oil cracking gases contain usually some H2. and CO2. Hydrocarbon carbon isotopes are very complicated, and methane and ethane isotopic values bear apparent reversal caused by thermal evolution and mixing among different genetic types of natural gas. Coal-formed gases are the main component of Chinese marine natural gas. The Upper Permian of the Sichuan Basin and the Carboniferous-Permian of the Ordos Basin coal measure hydrocarbon source rock present large hydrocarbon generation potential, which are the prospecting highlight of marine natural gas hereafter. Oil cracking gas exploration will be paid much attention to in the Tarim Basin because of the lack of coal measure hydrocarbon source rock.

关键词： marine facies Palaeozoic carbonate rock genetic type gas source carbon isotope hydrogen sulfide (H2.)

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developmental modes of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon source rocks in China

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 77-91页

作者： ZHANG BaoMin1, ZHANG ShuiChang1, BIAN LiZeng2. JIN ZhiJun3 & WANG DaRui1 1 research center of {2. geology in research institute of petroleum exploration and development, PetroChina, beijing 100083, China 2.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, China 3 research institute of petroleum exploration and development, Sinopec, beijing 100083, China

Based on the researches on rock type, the mode of occurrence, diagnostic minerals and creatures, the sedimentary geochemistry and organic facies of Chinese marine source rocks from wells and outcrops, and on the research findings of {2.al modes of foreign marine source rock, the authors consider that it is impossible to objectively make clear the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance by either single mode of preservation or high organic matter productivity. According to the Chinese geological features, the formation mechanism of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine source rock is generalized into four modes, namely, thermal water activity-upwelling flow-anoxic; carbonate gentle slope-upwelling flow; xerothermic climate-brine euxinic milieu; and humid climate-retained euxinic milieu; as the Lower Cambrian undercompensation basin organic facies (the Tarim Basin, South China and southwestern margin of North China), carbonate gentle lime mud bound organic facies (the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin and the Lower Silurian in the Upper Yangtze Platform), the Middle Cambrian evaporation laggon organic facies (the Tarim Basin and the Upper Yangtze Platform), enclosed undercompensation terrigenous bay organic facies (the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the west of the Tarim Basin, the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze platform). Chinese marine sedimentations with lower organic matter abundance are generalized into two modes of consumption-dilution mode of open epicontinental sea and depletion-dilution mode of supercompensation basin.

关键词： marine source rock upwelling flow anoxic event thermal water activity xerothermic climate-brine euxinic humid climate-retained euxinic

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The Cretaceous tectonic event in the Qiangtang Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 466-471页

作者： Li Yalin Wang Chengshan Li Yongtie Ma Chao Wang Licheng Peng Shaonan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources research center for Tibetan Plateau {2. China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China petroleum exploration and {2. research institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The tectonic event during Cretaceous and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the Qiangtang Basin is discussed based on zircon U-Pb dating and the study of deformation, thermochronology and hydrocarbon formation. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the tectonic event took place during the Early-Late Cretaceous （12.-75Ma）. The event not only established the framework and the styles of structural traps in the basin, but also led to the cessation of the first hydrocarbon formation and the destruction of previous oil pools. The light crude oil in the basin was formed during the second hydrocarbon formation stage in the Cenozoic, and ancient structural traps formed during the Cretaceous event are promising targets for oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet plateau Qiangtang Basin tectonic event Cretaceous hydrocarbon accumulation

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Hydrocarbon enrichment characteristics and difference analysis in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim Basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 201-210页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Pang Xiongqi Yang Haijun Li Zhuo Xiang Caifu Gu Qiaoyuan State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoirresearch center China University＂ of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and development {2. of the Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China

The reservoirs in the TZ1-TZ4 well block of the Tarim Basin are complex, and the hydrocarbon enrichment shows differences. The three Carboniferous oil layers are characterized by ＂oil in the upper and lower layers and gas in the middle＂ in profile and ＂oil in the west and gas in the east＂ in plane view. In order to discuss the complex reservoir accumulation mechanisms, based on the petroleum geology and reservoir distribution, we studied the generation history of source rocks, the fault evolution and sealing, the accumulation periods and gas washing, and reconstructed the accumulation process of the TZ1-TZ4 well block. It is concluded that the hydrocarbon enrichment differences of oil layers CIII, CII and CI were caused by multiple sources and multi-period hydrocarbon charging and adjustment. The CII was closely related to CIII, but CI was formed by reservoir adjustment during the Yanshan period and was not affected by gas washing after it was formed. During the Himalayan period, different degrees of gas washing in the east and west led to hydrocarbon enrichment differences on the plane. The Carboniferous accumulation process of two-stage charging and one-stage adjustment is summarized： oil charging during the late Hercynian period is the first accumulation period of CIII and CII; oil reservoirs were adjusted into CI in the Yanshan period; finally gas washing in the Himalayan period is the second accumulation period of CIII and CII, but CI was not affected by gas washing. This complex accumulation process leads to the hydrocarbon enrichment differences in the TZ1-TZ4 well block.

关键词： Tarim Basin enrichment difference multi-source and multi-period charging accumulation process

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Volcanic Facies and Their Reservoirs Characteristics in Eastern China Basins

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 152-153页

作者： Chunshuang Jin~(1,2.,Dewu Qiao~2.Wenli Pan~3 1.institute of geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,{2. 10002.,China. 2.Strategic research center of Oil & Gas Resources,Ministry of Land & Resources,{2. 100034,China 3.Geophysical exploration research institute of Huabei Oilfield Company,Renqiu 062.52.China

In these years,the Upper Jurassic andesitic volcanic reservoirs in Erlian basin,the Lower Cretaceous rhyolitic volcanic reservoirs in Songliao Basin,the Cretaceous rhyolitic,and the Paleogene basaltic and trachytic volcanic reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin,and the basaltic volcanic reservoirs in Subei basin were *** more and more volcanic oil and gas fields being discovered and developed,the volcanic rocks demonstrate a great petroleum potential in eastern basins of *** volcanic facies were identified in these basins,including volcanic conduit facies,explosive facies,effusive facies。

关键词： volcanic rocks volcanic facies reservoirs porosity types

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陆相断陷盆地复式成烃及成藏系统研究——以济阳坳陷沾化凹陷为例

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石油学报 2004年第2期25卷 12-18页

作者：朱光有金强张水昌郭长春张善文张林晔中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083 石油大学地球资源与信息学院山东东营257061 胜利油田地质科学研究院山东东营257015

渤海湾盆地油气勘探实践证明 ,丰富的油气资源与富含有机质的生烃凹陷具有十分密切的关系。陆相断陷盆地多沉降中心、多物源供给和充填演化的多旋回性 ,发育了多套有机地球化学特征不同的生油层系和多种油气储集相带组合 ,形成了不同层... 详细信息

渤海湾盆地油气勘探实践证明 ,丰富的油气资源与富含有机质的生烃凹陷具有十分密切的关系。陆相断陷盆地多沉降中心、多物源供给和充填演化的多旋回性 ,发育了多套有机地球化学特征不同的生油层系和多种油气储集相带组合 ,形成了不同层系、不同圈闭类型的复式油气聚集带 ,并在空间上构成了多个相互交叉、叠置或并列的复合含油气系统。研究表明 ,盆地叠加演化及动力学环境所构成的复式成盆系统孕育了复式成烃系统 ,复式生烃系统的特点决定了油气成藏的复杂性 ,它们控制了复合含油气系统 (多源油藏 )

关键词：复式成盆系统复式成烃系统复式成藏系统复合含油气系统断陷盆地沾化凹陷

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确定气井流动效率(FE)的一点法

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新疆石油地质 1990年第2期11卷 140-148页

作者：陈元千北京石油勘探开发科学研究院

流动效率(Flow Efficiency)定义为井的实际采油指数与理想采油指数(S=0)之比。因此,它是判断油、气井完井效率的一个很重要的指标。然而,在以前流动效率的确定,需要关井测试的压力恢复曲线资料。在本文中,利用产能方程推导了气井的流动... 详细信息

流动效率(Flow Efficiency)定义为井的实际采油指数与理想采油指数(S=0)之比。因此,它是判断油、气井完井效率的一个很重要的指标。然而,在以前流动效率的确定,需要关井测试的压力恢复曲线资料。在本文中,利用产能方程推导了气井的流动效率关系式;同时,通过两种IPR方程的综合,提供了确定气井流动效率的一点法。在已知地层压力的条件下,本文方法的应用,仅需要一个工作制度下的气井产量和井底流动压力。

关键词：气井流动效率完井

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