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Asymmetric interaction will facilitate the evolution of cooperation

Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 1041-1046页

作者： WANG RuiWu1, HE JunZhou1,2, WANG YaQiang1,2, SHI Lei1,3 & LI YaoTang1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, kunming 650223, china 2 School of mathematics and statistics, yunnan university, kunming 650091, china 3 statistics and mathematics college, yunnan university of finance and economics, kunming 650221, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. School of Mathematics and Statistics Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China3. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science. The classical theories of cooperation suggest that cooperation equilibrium or evolutionary stable strategy between partners can be maintained through genetic similarity or reciprocity relatedness. These classical theories are based on an assumption that partners interact symmetrically with equal payoffs in a game of cooperation interaction. However, the payoff between partners is usually not equal and therefore they often interact asymmetrically in real cooperative systems. With the Hawk–Dove model, we find that the probability of cooperation between cooperative partners will depend closely on the payoff ratio. The higher the payoff ratio between recipients and cooperative actors, the greater will be the probability of cooperation interaction between involved partners. The greatest probability of conflict between cooperative partners will occur when the payoff between partners is equal. The results show that this asymmetric relationship is one of the key dynamics of the evolution of cooperation, and that pure cooperation strategy (i.e., Nash equilibrium) does not exist in asymmetrical cooperation systems, which well explains the direct conflict observed in almost all of the well documented cooperation systems. The model developed here shows that the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation is also negatively correlated with the probability of cooperation interaction. A smaller cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation might be created by the limited dispersal ability or exit cost of the partners involved, and it will make the punishment of the non-cooperative individuals by the recipient more credible, and therefore make it more possible to maintain stable cooperation interaction.

关键词： Hawk–Dove game evolutionarily stable strategy asymmetric cooperation mixed strategy Nash equilibrium

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TESTING SPHERICITY IN A GMANOVA-MANOVA MODEL WITH NORMAL ERROR

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2008年第3期28卷 639-650页

作者：白鹏石磊 statistics and mathematics college Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

This article presents a statistic for testing the sphericity in a GMANOVA- MANOVA model with normal error. It is shown that the null distribution of this statistic is beta and its nonnull distribution is given in seri... 详细信息

关键词： GMANOVA-MANOVA model sphericity test zonal polynomial

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Checking for normality in linear mixed models

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Science china mathematics 2012年第4期55卷 787-804页

作者： WU Ping 1,,ZHU LiXing 2,3 & FANG Yun 4 1 School of finance and statistics,East china Normal university,Shanghai 200241,china 2 School of statistics and mathematics,yunnan university of finance and economics,yunnan 650221,china 3 The Department of mathematics,Hong Kong Baptist university,Hong Kong 999077,china 4 mathematics and Science college,Shanghai Normal university,Shanghai 200234,china 1. School of finance and statistics East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China2. School of Statistics and Mathematics Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Yunnan 650221 China3. The Department of Mathematics Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong 999077 China4. Mathematics and Science College Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China

Linear mixed models are popularly used to fit continuous longitudinal data, and the random effects are commonly assumed to have normal distribution. However, this assumption needs to be tested so that further analysis can be proceeded well. In this paper, we consider the Baringhaus-Henze-Epps-Pulley （BHEP） tests, which are based on an empirical characteristic function. Differing from their case, we consider the normality checking for the random effects which are unobservable and the test should be based on their predictors. The test is consistent against global alternatives, and is sensitive to the local alternatives converging to the null at a certain rate arbitrarily close to 1/V~ where n is sample size. ^-hlrthermore, to overcome the problem that the limiting null distribution of the test is not tractable, we suggest a new method： use a conditional Monte Carlo test （CMCT） to approximate the null distribution, and then to simulate p-values. The test is compared with existing methods, the power is examined, and several examples are applied to illustrate the usefulness of our test in the analysis of longitudinal data.

关键词： linear mixed models estimated best linear unbiased predictors BHEP tests conditional MonteCarlo test

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The evolution of cooperation in asymmetric systems

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 139-149页

作者： WANG RuiWu1 & SHI Lei2 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution,kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Science,kunming 650223,china 2 statistics and mathematics college,yunnan university of finance and economics,kunming 650221,china 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the "Tragedy of the Commons" of the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social *** interaction,which is one of the most important characteristics of cooperative systems,has not been sufficiently considered in the existing models of the evolution of *** the inequality in the number and payoff between the cooperative actors and recipients in cooperation systems,discriminative density-dependent interference competition will occur in limited dispersal *** model and simulation show that the local but not the global stability of a cooperative interaction can be maintained if the utilization of common resource remains unsaturated,which can be achieved by density-dependent restraint or competition among the cooperative *** intense density dependent interference competition among the cooperative actors and the ready availability of the common resource,with a higher intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,will increase the probability of *** cooperation between the recipient and the cooperative actors can be transformed into conflict and,it oscillates chaotically with variations of the affecting factors under different environmental or ecological *** higher initial relatedness(*** to kin or reciprocity relatedness),which is equivalent to intrinsic contribution ratio of a cooperative actor to the recipient,can be selected for by penalizing less cooperative or cheating actors but rewarding cooperative individuals in asymmetric *** initial relatedness is a pivot but not the aim of evolution of *** explains well the direct conflict observed in almost all cooperative systems.

关键词： cooperation altruism density dependent tragedy of the commons oscillation chaos asymmetric interaction interference competition

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Suspended sediment flux of river:Wavelet analysis in the Panlong basin of the Upper Red River (Honghe River),china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第A02期52卷 172-179页

作者： DING WenRong~(1,2+) ZHOU Yue~(1,3) L XiXi~4 1 The Faculty of Environment Science and Engineering,kunming university of Science and Technology,kunming 650093,china 2 college of Tourism and Geography Science,yunnan Normal university,kunming 650092,china 3 yunnan university of finance and economics,kunming 650221,china 4 Department of Geography,National university of Singapore 119260,Singapore Univ Sci and Technol Kumasi Fac Environm Sci and Engn Kunming 650093 Peoples R China.

这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势，多时间规模变化，在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征，中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ～ 1997 增加了，但是自从 1998，衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征... 详细信息

这份报纸把小浪分析用于检验变化趋势，多时间规模变化，在上面的红河的 Panlong 盆的推迟的沉积流动(SSF ) 的周期、突然的变化特征，中国。结果显示 SSF 从 1951 ～ 1997 增加了，但是自从 1998，衰退了。SSF 的变化把多时间规模特征和变化在不同时间时期改变了。三周期的时间规模， 4， 7 和 22 年，被决定。22 年的周期的时间规模，是在三次规模之中的最明显的，通过整个研究时期延长了，而第 4-a 7 年的时间规模在某些时间时期仅仅是明显的。分别地有 27 次越过 4 年的时间规模，越过 7 年的时间规模的 16 次和越过 22 年的时间规模的 5 次的突然的变化。根据统计的聚会和气候数据分析，我们断定人的活动是导致了多时间规模的 SSF，而是特征的变化趋势的主要原因，周期、突然的变化被气候变化主要影响。

关键词：河流中国红河微波分析

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Method for Evaluating the Degrees of Land Use Sustainability of Mountainous County and its Application in yunnan Province,china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第2期5卷 98-112页

作者： YANG Zisheng LIU Yansui TAO Wenxing XU Jingling ZHAO Qiaogui Institute of Land ＆ Resources and Sustainable Development Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China Institu te of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China Department of Land ＆ Resources of yunnan Province Kunming 650224 China

The evaluation of sustainable land use is the key issue in the field of studying the sustainable land utilization. In general analysis, the sustainable land use is evaluated respectively from its ecological sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability in china and other countries in recent years. Although this evaluation is an important work, it seems insufficient and hard to comprehensively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability. Thus, to make up this deficiency, this paper brings forward the evaluation indexes, which make it possible to quantitatively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability, namely, the concept of ＂degrees of overall land use sustainability＂（Dos）, and research and measurement development of the method of and calculation in Dos. Taking the evaluation of the degree of land use sustainability in county regions of yunnan Province as the actual example for analysis, results are basically as follows： 1） The degree of land use sustainability （Dos） is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness （DeF）, the degree of economic viability （Dev） and the degree of social acceptability （Dsa）, able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use 2） Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy

关键词： Land use degrees of overall sustainability evaluation method county level degrees of ecological friendliness degrees of economic viability degrees of social acceptability

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Almost sure central limit theorems for random functions

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Science china mathematics 2006年第12期49卷 1788-1799页

作者： LU Chuanrong, QIU Jin & XU Jianjun School of mathematics and statistics, Zhejiang university of finance and economics, Hangzhou 310018, china Department of mathematics, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310028, china 1. School of mathematics and statistics Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics Hangzhou 310018 China 2. Department of mathematics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China

Let {Xn,-∞< n <∞} be a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with EX1 = 0, EX12 = 1 and let Sn =∑k=1∞Xk, and Tn = Tn(X1,…,Xn) be a random function such that Tn = ASn + Rn, where supn E|... 详细信息

Let {Xn,-∞statistics, Von-Mises statistics, linear processes, moving average processes, error variance estimates in linear models, power sums, product-limit estimators of a continuous distribution, product-limit estimators of a quantile function, etc.

关键词： statistics,random function,almost sure central limit theorem,logarithm average.

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Soil Erosion Control Degree of the Project of Converting Farmland to Forest in Mountainous Areas at china's Southwest Border:A Case Study in Mangshi,yunnan Province

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 845-854页

作者： YANG Zisheng HAN Huali ZHAO Qiaogui Institute of Land ＆ Resources and Sustainable Development Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China Southwest university Chongqing 400715 China Department of Land ＆ Resources of yunnan Province Kunming 650224 China

There have been few in-depth quantitative studies on soil erosion control and the ecological effects of land use changes. Soil erosion is the first eco-environmental problem particularly in mountainous areas. A major problem in the conversion of farmland to forest is to control soil erosion and improve ecological environment and thus to improve land use sustainability. We report results of calculation and analysis on soil erosion from converted farmland parcels in city of Mangshi （near the SW frontier of china） and the surrounding areas before and after the nine-year （2000-2009） project of converting farmland to forest. There was increased water conservation effect, as a result of decreased soil erosion. The average erosion modulus of the farmland returning to eco-friendly uses decreased by 5,535.59 t/km2·a and the control degree of soil erosion modulus reached 71.00%. The increased soil erosion after the returning in the typical sample area ＂did not drop, but increased＂ as the terraced fields decreased but sloping farmland inereased and yet woodland decreased.

关键词： Soil erosion Control degree The projectof converting farmland to forest Converted farmland

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Soil Erosion and Its Basic Characteristics at Karst Rocky-desertified Land Consolidation Area: A Case Study at Muzhe Village of Xichou County in Southeast yunnan, china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2010年第1期7卷 55-72页

作者： YANG Zisheng YANG Longfei ZHANG Bosheng Institute of Land & Resources and Sustainable Development Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming650221 China

Xichou County of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southeast yunnan is one of the karst mountainous areas in southwest china showing typical rock desertification. During this study, we set up three soil erosion contrast test spots at Muzhe Village, Benggu Township, Xichou County, which was the birthplace of the Xichou rock-desertified land consolidation mode. The three spots included the terrace land spot （already consolidated land）, sloping land spot （unconsolidated sloping land under rock desertification）, and standard runoff spot （bare land spot）. In 2007, a whole-year complete observation was conducted during the rainy season and ＂rainfall-erosion＂ data were obtained for 32 times. Our analysis showed that during the entire observation period, the number of the rainfalls that led to soil erosion accounted for 34.04% of the number of all rainfalls and the amount of the rainfalls that led to soil erosion accounted for 84.17% of the total amount of all rainfalls. The average erosive rainfall standard in the three test spots was 11.0mm, slightly higher than the lO mm standard that has been adopted all over china, but lower than the 12.7 mm standard of the US and the 13.0 mm standard of Japan. According to single-factor analysis, the soil loss in the sloping land spot （L2） and that in the bare land spot （L3） are correlated to certain extent to manyother factors, including the single precipitation （P）, rainfall intensity during the maximum ten minutes （Lo）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 20 minutes （I2o）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 30 minutes （I30）, rainfall intensity during the maximum 40 minutes （I4o）, and rainfall intensity during the maximum 6o minutes （I60）. Among these factors, they are of the highest relativity with I6o. According to double-factor analysis, both L2 and L3 are of good relativity with P and I60. According to multi-factor analysis, L2 and L3 are also of good relativity with seven rainfall indexes, namely, P, Ia （ave

关键词： karst mountainous area rockdesertification land consolidation soil erosion testspot Xichou County

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The Fourier Transformations of Positive Distributions on Lorentz Group SO(3,1)

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Wuhan university Journal of Natural Sciences 2001年第3期6卷 631-642页

作者： Zhu Li college of mathematics and statistics, Wuhan university, Wuhan 430072,china Wuhan university College of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***)

With the aid of Plancherel-Godement Theorem, we prove that every positive distributionT onSO (3, 1) which is bi-invariant underSO(3) corresponds to a measure μ on ω=∝σC|s(2-s)>=0∝, and μ can be decomposed intoμ... 详细信息

关键词： K-bi-in-invariant positive distribution spherical Fourier transformation Laplace-Beltrami operator

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