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Post-earthquake assessment of building damage degree using LiDAR data and imagery

Science china(Technological Sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 133-143页

作者： LI ManChun1,CHENG Liang1,2,GONG JianYa2,LIU YongXue1,CHEN ZhenJie1,LI FeiXue1,CHEN Gang1,CHEN Dong1 & SONG XiaoGang3 1 Department of Geographic Information Science,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,china 2 state key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying,Mapping and Remote Sensing,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430079,china 3 state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics,institute of geology,china earthquake administration,beijing 100029,china Department of Geographic Information Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China state key laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

Various methods have been developed to detect and assess building's damages due to earthquakes using remotely sensed *** the launch of the high resolution sensors such as IKONOS and QuickBird,it becomes realistic to identify damages on the scale of individual *** the low accuracy of the results has often led to the use of visual interpretation ***,it is very difficult to estimate the degree of building damage(*** damage,moderate damage,or severe damage) in detail using the existing ***,a novel approach integrating LiDAR data and high resolution optical imagery is proposed for evaluating building damage degree *** approach consists of two steps:3D building model reconstruction and rooftop patch-oriented 3D change ***,a method is proposed for automatically reconstructing 3D building models with precise geometric position and fine details,using pre-earthquake LiDAR data and high resolution ***,focusing on each rooftop patch of the 3D building models,the pre- and post-earthquake LiDAR points belonging to the patch are collected and compared to detect whether it was destroyed or not,and then the degree of building damage can be identified based on the ratio of the destroyed rooftop patches to all rooftop *** novelty of the proposed approach is to detect damages on the scale of building's rooftop patch and realize quantitative estimation of building damage degree.

关键词： post-earthquake assessment building damage degree rooftop patch LiDAR imagery

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High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum from the Nanyang Basin,Central china

High-resolution carbon isotope record for the Paleocene-Eoce...

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中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所第十届(2010年度)学术年会

作者： ZHU Min~(1,2*),DING ZhongLi~1,WANG Xu~1,CHEN ZuoLing~1,JIANG HanChao~3, DONG XinXin~1,JI JunLiang~4,TANG ZiHua~1 & LUO Pan~1 1 key laboratory of Cenozoic geology and Environment,institute of geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100029, china 2 The Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics,institute of geology,china earthquake administration,beijing 100029,china 4 key laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology,Ministry of Education,china University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,china

The Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum(PETM) was a transient episode of global warming,associated with massive atmospheric greenhouse gas input that occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene *** and isotope stratigraphic studies indicate that the PETM event is well documented in the marl deposits of the Yuhuangding section in the Nanyang Basin,Central china,with a carbon isotope negative excursion of～6.1‰within 19-m-thick marl *** is the highest resolution record of the PETM so far found in the *** PETM event was triggered within 2-cm-thick marl sediments,with a decrease ofδC (stable carbon isotope ratio) from -3.2‰to -5.2‰,suggesting a massive methane hydrate release for a transient period that was possibly caused by a catastrophic event.A comparison between marine and terrestrial records indicates a"Three-Phase Model"for the PETM *** there is a rapid negative excursion in theδC record,followed by a slowly decreasing trend,and then a gradual positive recovery,corresponding respectively to a rapid dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate,followed by a slow release of methane and then the consumption of the released methane.

关键词： PETM carbon isotope greenhouse gases Nanyang Basin

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Stabilities of heavy metals in soils treated with red mud

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Acta Geochimica 2006年第S1期 256-256页

作者： Li YI1, Yetang HONG2, Duojun WANG3, Yongxuan ZHU2 1 institute of earthquake Science, china earthquake administration, beijing 100036, china 2 The state key laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550002, china 3 state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics, institute of geology, china earthquake administration, beijing 100029, china

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Insights into correlation between satellite infrared information and fault activities

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 394-402页

作者： MA Jin, WANG Yipeng, CHEN Shunyun, LIU Peixun and LIU Liqiang state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics, institute of geology, china earthquake administration, beijing 100029, china [a]state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Bejing China

Tectonic activities are accompanied with material movement and energy transfer, which definitely change the state of thermal radiation on the ground. Thus it is possible to infer present-day tectonic activities based on variations of the thermal radiation state on the ground. The received satellite infrared information is, however, likely influenced by many kinds of factors. Therefore, the first problem that needs to be solved is to extract information on tectonic activities and eliminate effects of external (non-tectonic) factors. In this study, we firstly make a review of the current studies on this subject, and then present the technical approach and our research goal. Using the data of 20 years from the infrared band of the satellite of National Oceanic and Atmospheric administration (NOAA) and the method we have developed, we investigate fault activities in western china. The results show that the areas with high residual values of land surface brightness temperature (LSBT), which is presumably related to faultings in space, accord usually with the locations of followed major earthquakes. The times of their value growing are also roughly consistent with the beginning of active periods of earthquakes. The low frequency component fields of the LSBT, acquired from wavelet analysis, exhibit well the spatial distributions of active faults. The "heat penetrability index" (HPI) related with enhancement of subsurface thermal information has been expressed well for the backgrounds of accelerated tectonic motions, and some correlations exist between HPI and the local faulting and seismicity. This study provides a new approach to study temporal-spatial evolution of recent activities of faults and their interactions.

关键词： infrared emission fault activity residual of land surface brightness temperature heat penetrability index.

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An experimental study on variation of thermal fields during the deformation of a compressive en echelon fault set

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第3期17卷 298-304页

作者： LIU Peixun, MA Jin, LIU Liqiang, MA Shengli and CHEN Guoqiang (laboratory of earthquake dynamics, institute of geology, china earthquake administration, beijing 100029, china) [a]laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing China

The temperature variations during deformation of a compressive en echelon fault set in a rock sample were measured by a surface measurement system with multi-point platinum resistance thermometers and an infrared thermal image system. The measurements obtained by the two systems were in agreement with each other, indicating a relationship between temporal-spatial variations of the thermal field and changes of stress and strain. At varied structural positions of the rock sample, the rising of the temperature was different, implying distinct stress distributions at these positions. In the experiment, the deformation process of the sample included three stages: elastic deformation, stick-slip, and rupture. Correspondingly, the variation process of temperature had also three stages, each of which had its own temperature rising profile. And the thermal radiation field showed a similar process. These phenomena mean that the dominant mechanisms of temperature rising in all stages of deformation are different. Experimental results provide a physical basis for the study of current fault activities by using data of satellite infrared images.

关键词： en echelon fault set stick-slip thermal infrared radiation temperature mechanism of temperatnre rising.

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Heat flow distribution in Chinese continent and its adjacent areas

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 843-849页

作者： Wei Tao a,*, Zhengkang Shena,b a state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics, institute of geology, china earthquake administration, beijing 100029, china b Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1567, USA state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Department of Earth and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1567 USA

Using a compilation of 6980 heat flow measurements, we produce a new heat flow map for the Chinese continent and its adjacent areas. We develop an objective and integrated method to interpolate the heat flow data, taking into account both the uniformity within geological units and coherency of regional heat flow. The geologic units are outlined based on Zhang et al.’s active tectonic block model. Our heat flow model is presented in two formats: a contour map and a heat flow dataset with values on a 1×1° grid for the Chinese continent and its adjacent areas, reflecting detailed variations in some regions. Also provided is a resolution map which helps understand the reliability of the heat flow model. Our results reveal that (1) Heat flows in the eastern part of the Chinese continent are relatively higher than those in the western part except that in the Tibetan Plateau area. (2) Heat flows in the Ordos and North china blocks are around 60 mW/m2, and are 50–55 mW/m2 in South china except for the continental marginal sea regions. (3) Heat flow is the lowest in the Junggar Basin, only 35–45 mW/m2, and is 45–55 mW/m2 in the Tarim Basin. The results of this study provide an important data- set for studies on thermal and rheological structures of the Chinese continent and its adjacent areas.

关键词： Heat flow Chinese continent and its adjacent areas Geological units Contour map Resolution map

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Joint exploration of crustal structure in Fuzhou basin and its vicinities by deep seismic reflection and high-resolution refraction as well as wide-angle reflection/refraction

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 925-938页

作者： ZHU Jinfang1, XU Xiwei2, ZHANG Xiankang3, HUANG Zonglin1, CHEN Xiangxiong1, FANG Shengming3, LIU Baojin3, ZHENG Rongzhang2,4 1. Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province,Fuzhou 350003,china 2. institute of geology,china earthquake administration,beijing 100029,china 3. Research Center for Exploration Geophysics,china earthquake administration,Zhengzhou 450002,china 4. state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics,institute of geology,china earthquake administration,beijing 100029,china Seismological Bureau of Fujian Province Fuzhou 350003 China institute of geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China Research Center for Exploration Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Zhengzhou 450002 China state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China

The Fuzhou basin and its vicinities are located at the northern end of the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of china. By the joint explorations of high-resolution seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection/refraction as well as deep seismic reflection in the region, which is the first synthetic profile in china, its fine velocity structure and geometric structure from the ground to Moho discontinuity is obtained. The result shows that the crust is obviously layered with a thickness of about 32 km. Basically, it consists of two parts: upper crust and lower crust. The velocity of the upper crust is 5.9-6.2 km/s in which there is a 3-4-km-thick weak low-velocity layer between the depths of 10-15 km, while the velocity of the lower crust in the range of 6.3-7.2 km/s. There exists a strong velocity gradient layer about 3 km thick above the Moho discontinuity whose velocity increases from 6.5 to 7.27 km/s. There exist high-angle normal faults that are small in size and extend only in the shallow crust. These faults are the secondary developed on the hanging wall of westward dipping low-angle normal faults. Thus, their seismogenic ability is limited, however, there exists a high-angle deep fault in the crust from Changle-Zaoan fault zone to seashore fault zone. This deep fault has cut the interface between the upper and lower crusts and Moho discontinuity, and may be the deep structure to trigger destructive earthquake source in future to affect Fuzhou City. These results have advanced the detecting precision of the deep structure in the southeastern coastal seismic zone of the mainland of china. In the aspect of the combined feature of the deep and shallow extensional structures that consist of the westward dipping low-angle normal faults and secondary normal faults on their hanging walls in the upper crust, it is firstly obtained that a united structural interpretation has deepened the knowledge about the deep dynamic process in the southeastern coasta

关键词： deep seismic reflection high-resolution seismic refraction wide-angle.

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Anatexis in Himalayan crust:Evidence from geochemical and chronological investigations of Higher Himalayan Crystallines

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1347-1356页

作者： YANG Xiaosong1, JIN Zhenmin2 & MA Jin1 1. state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics, institute of geology, china earthquake administration, beijing 100029, china 2. Faculty of Earth Sciences, china University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, china 1. state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration 100029 Beijing China 2. Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences 430074 Wuhan China

Migmatization in Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) results from anatexis. The widely distributed migmatites in HHC are an important clue to investigate the relationship be- tween anatexis and the origins of Higher Himalayan leucogranites (HHL), and to understand the effect of anatexis on crustal evolution during the post-collision period. We studied in detail the chemical features of three basic constituent parts of the migmatites, i.e. leucosome, mesosome and melanosome, and determined the K-Ar ages of leucosomes. Our studies indicate that type-I leucosome is the product of crystallization of melt generated by partial melting of mesosome at source region, but type-II leucosome and HHL probably underwent crystallization differentiation of plagioclase during melt aggregation and migration. The age of 22.67 Ma of Type-I leucosome, which is a little older than the beginning of MCT movement, indicates that anatexis may have played an important role in the formation of MCT. That the ages of type-II leucosome (ranging from 14.82 to 18.37 Ma) are consistent with that of HHL provides new chronological evidence for the relationship between migmatization and HHL. We obtained a very young age of 6.23 Ma of Type-II leucosome that provides new time constraint on magma activity in the central segment of Higher Himalayas.

关键词： Higher Himalayan Crystallines, migmatite, anatexis, leucosome, K-Ar age.

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Moment tensor analysis of the acoustic emission source in the rock damage process

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第7期15卷 609-613页

作者： YU Huaizhong, ZHU Qingyong, YIN Xiangchu and WANG Yucang ( state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics, institute of geology, china earthquake administration, beijing 100029, china state key laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100080, china School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, china Center for Analysis and Prediction, china Seismological Bureau, beijing 100036, china Quakes, Department of Earth Science, University of Queensland, Brishbane, Austrialia) state key laboratory of earthquake dynamics Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100029 China. state key laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China. School of Mathematics and Computational Science Zhongshan University Guangzhou 510275 China. Center for Analysis and Prediction China Seismological Bureau Beijing 100036 China. Quakes Department of Earth Science University of Queensland Brishbane Austrialia

To further investigate the mechanism of acoustic emission (AE) in the rock fracture experiment, moment tensor analysis was carried out. The AE sources characterized by crack sizes, orientations and fracture modes, are represented by a time-dependent moment tensor. Since the waveforms recorded by AE monitors correlate to the moment tensors, we prefer to select the P wave amplitude from the full-space Green's function of homogeneous and isotropic materials to determine the six independent components of the moment tensor. The moment tensor analysis was used to investigate the AE sources recorded in the experiment, and three types of micro-cracks were found, which are tensile mode, shear mode and mixture of the tensile and shear mode. In addition, the motion of micro-cracks was decided by eigenvectors of moment tensor. Results indicate that the moment tensor analysis may be used as a measurement to reflect the damage evolution of rock specimen.

关键词： moment tensor acoustic emission rock fracture.

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A preliminary study on seismic design criteria of offshore platforms in Bohai Sea of china

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earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2010年第2期9卷 223-231页

作者： Peng Yanju1,Lu Yuejun1,Yan Jiaquan2,Tang Rongyu1,Wang Junqin3 and Li Jiagang3 1. institute of Crustal dynamics,china earthquake administration,beijing 100085,china 2. institute of Geophysics,china earthquake administration,beijing 100081,china 3. beijing Research Center of china National Offshore Oil Corp.,beijing 100027,china institute of Crustal dynamics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100085 China

This paper analyzes the seismicity in Bohai Sea,introducing a shape factor K to characterize the seismic risk distribution in sub-regions of the sea. Based on the seismic design ground motions for 46 platforms located in the Bohai Sea,a statistical analysis was performed for different peak ground acceleration (PGA) ratios at two different probability levels. In accordance with the two-stage design method,a scheme of two seismic design levels is proposed,and two seismic design objectives are established respectively for the strength level earthquake and the ductility level earthquake. By analogy with and comparison to the Chinese seismic design code for buildings,it is proposed that the probability level for the strength level earthquake and ductility level earthquake have a return period of 200 and 1000 - 2500 years,respectively. The validity of these proposed values is discussed. Finally,the PGAs corresponding to these two probability levels are calculated for different sub-regions of the Bohai Sea.

关键词： fixed offshore platform seismic design level seismic design objective return period Bohai Sea

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