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The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1045-1050页

作者： SONG Weiqun, LUO Yuejia, CHI Song, JI Xunming, LING Feng, ZHAO Lun, WANG Maobin and SHI Jiannong ( Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical science, beijing 100053, china state key laboratory of cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, beijing Normal University, beijing 100875, china School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, china key laboratory of Mental Health, institute of Psychology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Medical College, Qingdao 266003, china Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical science, beijing 100053, china institute of Linguistics, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, china) [a]Department of Rehabilitation Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of medical science Beijing China [b]state key laboratory of cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing China [c]School of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing China [d]key laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Science Beijing China [e]Department of Neurology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College Qingdao China [f]Department of Neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing China [g]institute of Linguistics Xuzhou Normal University Xuzhou China

The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 16 young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1, decrease of the N1 and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues.

关键词： visual spatial attention cue scale event-related potential (ERP) chinese character cues region cues.

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Changes of response dynamics and functional connectivity in barrel microcircuit associated with tactile frequency discrimination

Changes of response dynamics and functional connectivity in ...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Jun ZHAO,Jin-Hui WANG~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive sciences,institute of biophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china

＜正＞Objective Cortical processing of somatosensory information is performed by a large population of neurons with complex dynamics and interactions in barrel *** evidences recently suggest that astrocytes receive surrounding synaptic inputs and participate in sensory information ***,the knowledge of population response dynamics and functional connectivity on processing tactile frequency information in barrel cortex at the level of neuro-astrocytic microcircuits remains comparably poor.A key step to understand the complex mechanisms of how these nerve cells work is measuring and analyzing the dynamic interactions in the local microcircuits in vivo under different conditions of sensory ***,we used two-photon calcium imaging to monitor the neuronal and astrocytic activities in barrel microcircuit,which would help to explore the processing mechanisms for tactile frequency *** FVB mice（20-35 PND）were anesthetized by the intraperitoneal injections of urethane.A population of neocortical cells was labeled by injecting the calcium indicator Oregon Green BAPTA-1 AM into layer I and *** were distinguished by co-injecting the astrocytic specific marker sulforhodamine 101. Population neuronal and astrocytic calcium signals in barrel microcircuit were simultaneously recorded in vivo by two-photon laser scanning microscopy with the resolution of individual *** of FVB mice in the contralateral sides of the imaged barrel cortices were deflected in a caudal-to-rostral direction by air-puffing during the experiments. Whisker deflections were done by giving the paired repetitive pulses of air-puffing（50 psi,50 ms）through a tiny steel tube that was mounted on a micromanipulator and controlled with costume-made Lab VIEW *** stimulus patterns were paired bursts that constituted of frequency patterns as 10 and 10 Hz（named as 10-to-10 Hz） or 8 and 12 Hz（i.e.,8-to-12 Hz）,closely to the natural frequenc

关键词： neuro-astrocyte network functional connectivity barrel cortex sensory processing two-photon calcium imaging

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Action potential dependent inward current on the oligodendrocyte in mouse cortex

Action potential dependent inward current on the oligodendro...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Hao QIAN,Jin-Hui WANG~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive sciences,institute of biophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china

＜正＞Objective Oligodendrocyte that forms the myelin in central nervous system has been described as the passive support cell to insulate the axon for *** individual oligodendrocyte supports 1-50 myelin sheaths and accelerates the action potential propagation by reducing the ion leakage and capacitance of cell ***, recent studies indicate that oligodendrocyte depolarizes during the population activity of surrounding neurons,which suggests some potential active functions of *** the mechanism of this reaction is still ***, we use whole cell patch recording to monitor the oligodendrocytic response to neuronal activity,which would be helpful to identify the relationship between them and clarify the oligodendrocytic effects on the propagation of action *** In order to identify oligodendrocyte in brain slice,a transgenic mouse that expresses enhanced green fluorescence protein（EGFP）driven by the 2’,3’-cyclic nucleotide 3’-phosphodiesterase（CNP）promoter （CNP-EGFP）was used in our *** performed paired whole cell recordings from a pyramidal neuron and an oligodendrocyte of layer 5 in cerebral *** paired cells were filled with two different cell-impermeable fluorescent dyes through recording pipettes,which was used to trace these cells and identify the relationship between their ***（1）An inward current was recorded on an oligodendrocyte when a spike was propagating on the axon wrapped by this *** the oligodendrocyte didn’t connect with the paired pyramidal cell,no response was observed.（2）This current consists of two phases:a fast one and a slow *** amplitude of the fast phase increased when the oligodendrocyte was depolarizing,while that of the slow phase decreased.（3）The blockers of voltage-gated calcium channel,ionic glutamate receptors,glutamate transporters and gap junction all had no effect on the amplitudes of these two *** totally blocked the slow phase

关键词： oligodendrocyte axon myelin action potential propagation clearance of potassium

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Identification of orientation-selective ganglion cells in the mouse retina

Identification of orientation-selective ganglion cells in th...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Xu HAN,Shi-Gang HE~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive sciences,institute of biophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china

＜正＞Objective In the rabbit retina,orientation-selective ganglion cells（OSGCs） were discovered in *** orientation selectivity results from an incomplete antagonistic surround along the preferred *** studies confirmed that the inhibition,originated from amacrine cells,shaped the orientation selectivity of retinal ganglion *** in the mouse retina,there is no information about the *** we try to identify them and characterized their physiological,morphological and pharmacological ***（1） On-cell and whole-cell patch clamp recording were performed to indentify OSGCs and to examine synaptic inputs.（2） Picrotoxin,strychnine and HEPES buffer were used to check pre- or postsynaptic inhibitory input contributed to the orientation ***（1） The OSGCs have small to medium sized soma and small to medium sized dendritic field.（2） These cells preferred either vertical or horizontal orientation.（3） The orientation selectivity can be reduced apparently by picrotoxin,which is an antagonist of GABAA and GABAC *** The OSGCs in the mouse retina display similar properties to their counterparts in the rabbit retina.

关键词： mouse retina orientation selective ganglion cell picrotoxin

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Light adaptation and temporal coding property in the mouse retina

Light adaptation and temporal coding property in the mouse r...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Le CHANG,Shi-Gang HE~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive sciences,institute of biophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china

＜正＞Objective Light adaptation is a prominent feature of visual *** gain and accelerated kinetics are commonly accepted as the basic characteristics of light adaptation,but most of the jobs were done by a simple stimulus （brief light pulse imposed on different backgrounds） that might overlook the complexity of adaptation *** explore this issue,we used a set of stimuli that could better characterize the response ability of retinal *** Retinal ganglion cells are recorded in whole mount preparation by patch clamp technique（on-cell and whole-cell recording）. Bipolar cells are recorded in slice ***（1） A square flicker pattern will postpone the rising phase of light responses to individual flicker in On-alpha ganglion cells.（2） This delay is not inconsistent with previous descriptions of accelerated kinetics in light adapted condition,and it could be observed more directly in the recovery phase（after the switch from high light background to darkness）.（3） With whole-cell recordings from ganglion cells and bipolar cells,we found that threshold-type nonlinearity at bipolar-ganglion synapse contributes to this delay of rising *** Conventional non-spiking neurons in retina could also produce threshold-type nonlinearity,and it imposes constraints on light adaptation strategy in visual neurons.

关键词： retina light adaptation temporal coding nonlinearity alpha ganglion cells bipolar cells.

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Processing of second-order cue in cat visual cortex

Processing of second-order cue in cat visual cortex

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Xiao-Jing GU,Bin GOU,Bing LI~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive science,institute of biophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china

＜正＞Visual world is rich in objects delineated from the background by simply luminance variation,so called first-order cue,as well as those defined by contrast and texture,named second-order *** studies have shown that many neurons in early visual cortex respond to second-order stimuli（*** envelope and illusory contour）,when the spatial frequency of the stimulus carrier is beyond the pass-band of the *** there are still controversies on the processing of second-order cue in the *** the present study,PMLS（posteromedial lateral suprasylvian cortex） neurons of the cat are tested with moving composite stimuli,formed by modulating the contrast of a first-order grating （carrier）.The spatial frequencies of both the carrier and the moving contrast envelope are set to be the optimum of the cell, as a situation more close to the normal ecological *** a composite stimulus can be decomposed into three Fourier component gratings.A control stimulus is constructed by summing the same three component gratings,but the spatial phase of one component is shifted by 180 so that the contrast envelope is no longer *** comparing the responses to the composite stimuli and that to the control stimuli,we find that about 40%of the PMLS cells show significant responses to the second-order cue,in which the direction preference is similar to that for the first-order cue. This cue invariance has been observed in early visual cortex such as area 18 or ***,as compared with the neurons in area 18,the PMLS cells exhibit relatively stronger responses,shorter latency and higher direction selectivity to the second-order cue,indicating that the neural representation of second-order cue might be enhanced along the visual pathway toward the extrastriate *** results suggest that PMLS may play an important role in the processing of visual motion information defined by second-order cue.

关键词： second-order cue PMLS cat cue-invariance

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人神经tau蛋白与DNA相互作用

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2004年第10期31卷 918-923页

作者：曲梅花李辉徐艳娟赫荣乔中国科学院生物物理研究所中国科学院物理研究所

通过凝胶阻滞实验表明 ,人类神经tau能够与不同来源的DNA (λDNA ,质粒DNA以及PCR产物 )相结合 ,形成tau DNA复合物 .每分子神经tau大约与长度为 6～ 10bp的核苷酸片段结合 .原子力显微镜直接证实了tau与线性质粒DNA相结合形成串珠样的... 详细信息

通过凝胶阻滞实验表明 ,人类神经tau能够与不同来源的DNA (λDNA ,质粒DNA以及PCR产物 )相结合 ,形成tau DNA复合物 .每分子神经tau大约与长度为 6～ 10bp的核苷酸片段结合 .原子力显微镜直接证实了tau与线性质粒DNA相结合形成串珠样的结构 .采用单克隆抗体Tau 1,进行免疫组织化学的实验显示 ,神经tau不但弥散地分布在SY5Y细胞系的细胞质内 ,同时也存在于细胞核中 ,并形成染色致密的斑点 .以上结果提示 :神经tau在细胞核中可能参与了某种重要的生物学功能 .

关键词：人神经tau DNA 相互作用原子力显微镜(AFM)

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Changing EPSC kinetics of ON-OFF direction selective ganglion cells during early postnatal development in the mouse retina

Changing EPSC kinetics of ON-OFF direction selective ganglio...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Ming-Gang CHEN Shi-Gang HE~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive sciences institute of biophysics chinese academy of sciences beijing 100101 china

＜正＞Objective The kinetics of synaptic conductance are important in temporal precision of information processing in the neuronal *** the rising and falling phases of ON-OFF DSGC EPSCs become faster as animal *** present study is to investigate possible pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms of this ***（1） ON-OFF DSGCs were first identified by loose patch recordings,then whole cell voltage clamp recordings were performed to examine EPSCs.（2） EPSCs under bath application of nAChR,NMDAR and AMPAR antangonists were recorded and analyzed. Results（1） EPSCs of ON-OFF DSGCs in P13-14 mice were much slower than that of adult cells while kinetics of EPSCs recorded from P16-18 cells were very similar to adult EPSCs;（2） No significant changes were observed in kinetics of the EPSC after nAChR or NMDAR was blocked in early postnatal *** The postsynatic excitatory receptors may contribute little to the developmental changes of EPSCs in ON-OFF DSGCs.

关键词： ON-OFF DSGCs EPSC kinetics postsynaptic excitatory receptors development

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AAV-mediated BDNF gene therapy to protect retinal ganglion cells in a rat glaucoma model

AAV-mediated BDNF gene therapy to protect retinal ganglion c...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Ruo-Tong REN,Shi-Gang HE~* state key laboratory of brain and cognitive sciences,institute of biophysics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100101,china

Objective Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive degeneration of both axons and cell bodies of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs).Elevated intraocular pressure(IOP) is a major risk factor for glaucomatous RGC *** delivery to the retina by viral vectors,such as Adeno-associated viral(AAV) vectors,has been shown to be effective in reducing structural and functional damage in several models of ocular *** present study is to test that using AAV vector expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) could be protective in experimental glaucoma model by mimicking normal treatment *** Rat RGCs were labeled retrogradely by Fluorogold(FG) injection in superior colliculi *** glaucoma was induced by sterile saline injection into the anterior chamber of rat eyes to elevate the IOP to 130 mmHg for 45 minutes,followed by intravitreal injection of normal saline, AAV2-BDNF/His-tag,or AAV-green fluorescent protein(GFP).Survival of RGCs was estimated by counting FG-positive RGCs in retinal whole mounts after 2 weeks of elevated *** expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and direct visualization of *** Two weeks after acute high IOP treatment followed by AAV injection,the density of survival RGCs was(387.00±15.00) cells/mm

关键词： glaucoma gene therapy adeno-associated virus(AAV) BDNF retinal ganglion cell(RGC)

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The functions of ptrl in Notch and Integrin pathways

The functions of ptrl in Notch and Integrin pathways

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2012全国发育生物学大会

作者： Hanqing Chen~*,Hai Huang~*,Renjie Jiao state key laboratory of brain and cognitive science,institute of biophysics,the chinese academy of sciences

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that is mediated by a direct cell-cell interaction to eventually control nuclear *** Notch pathway functions in many aspects of metazoan development and tissue *** the core components of the Notch pathway have been well documented,other fine-tuning factors are emerging to be involved in this pathway,many of which in a spatio-temporal sepcidic ***,using Drosophila as a model organism,we show that the gene,ptrl,can attenuate the Notch ***-vein and thick-vein phenotypes were observed in ptrl mutant clones,which resemble those caused by downregulation of the Notch ***,ptrl depletion in the wing discs impairs the expression of Notch target *** more,downregulation of ptrl results in an additional wing blistering phenotype and upregulation of pFAK,indicating ptrl may also function in the integrin pathway. Conclusions:Our data indicate that ptr1 is a novel factor that is inovolved in the Notch pathway while it may also play a critical role in the integrin pathway that may be independent of the Notch pathway.

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