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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane

Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第12期49卷 1252-1258页

作者： QIN Shengfei1, TANG Xiuyi2, SONG Yan1 & WANG Hongyan3 1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china 2. Anhui Science and Technology College, Huainan 232000, china 3. Langfang Branch, research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Langfang 065007, china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Anhui Science and Technology College Huainan China Langfang Branch Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang China

The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the f

关键词： coalbed methane,methane stable carbon isotope,fractionation mechanism,accumulative effect.

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Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 207-220页

作者： ZHOU QingHua 1,2 ,FENG ZiHui 3 &MEN GuangTian 3 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163411,china 3 research institute of petroleum exploration and development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163732,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd. Daqing China research institute of petroleum exploration and development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd. Daqing China

According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2000,3000 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression *** geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the *** thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal *** main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of *** high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault-depression geotemperature geothermal gradient thermal conductivity of rock deep layer natural gas

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The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2 ,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 2 exploration and development research institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 710021,china 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,china University of Miningand Technology,beijing 100083,china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China exploration and development research institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an China Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Ministry of Education China University of Miningand Technology Beijing China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos Basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

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Discovery of a Late Permian Angara-Cathaysia mixed flora from Acheng of Heilongjiang,china,with discussions on the closure of the Paleoasian Ocean

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第12期52卷 1746-1755页

作者： DENG ShengHui1,2, WAN ChuanBiao3 & YANG JianGuo3 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china 2 State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery, beijing 100083 china 3 Daqing institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, Daqing 164712, china research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Enhanced Oil Recovery Beijing China Daqing institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Daqing China

This work documents a new flora from the Upper Permian Hongshan Formation of Acheng County, Heilongjiang Province, Northwest china. The flora consists of 20 species: Paracalamites sp., Pecopteris tangwangheensis Huang, Callipteris obese Huang, Callipteris shenshuensis Huang, C. tangwangheensis Huang, C. heilongjiangensis Huang, C. zeilleri Zalessky, C. sp., Comia yichunensis Huang, C. tenueaxis Huang, Iniopteris sibirica Zalessky, Supaia teiliensis Huang, Compsopteris tchirkovae Zalessky, C. cf. adzvensis Zalessky, Nilssonia sp. 1, Nil. sp. 2, Taeniopteris cf. densissima Halle, T. cf. nystraemii Halle, T. sp. and Noeggerathiopsis derzavinii Neub. It is dominated by Angara species but mixed with some typical Cathaysian elements. The age of the flora is assigned to late of the Late Permian according to the stratigraphic ranges of the known species and the comparisons of it with the similar floras. The new discovery indicates that the final collision between the North china Plate and Siberian Plate occurred in Late Permian along the Xar Moron River-Changchun-Yanji sutured zone, and the Paleoasian Ocean was finally closed at the end of the Permian.

关键词： Late Permian mixed Angara-Cathaysia flora Paleoasian Ocean plate collision Heilongjiang Province of china

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Primary migration and secondary alteration of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in Ordos Basin,china―Application of fluid inclusion gases

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 165-173页

作者： GONG Se 1,2 ,PENG PingAn 1 ,SHUAI YanHua 3 ,DAI JinXing 3 &ZHANG WenZheng 4 1 Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2 Common Wealth Scientific and research Organization,petroleum Resources,PO Box 136,North Ryde,New South Wales,1670,Australia 3 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing 100083,china 4 research institute of exploration and development,Changqing petroleum Corporation,Xi’an 710021,china Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Common Wealth Scientific and research Organization Petroleum Resources North Ryde Australia research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing China research institute of exploration and development Changqing Petroleum Corporation Xi’an China

The composition of fluid inclusions(FI)often represents the initial geochemical characteristics of palaeo-fluid in reservoir *** on composition and carbon isotopic composition of gas during primary migration,reservoir-forming and subsequent secondary alterations are discussed through comparing fluid inclusion gas with coal-formed gas and natural gas in present gas reservoirs in the Ordos *** results show that primary migration of gas has significant effect on the molecular but not on the carbon isotopic composition of *** and diffusion fractionation took place during the secondary migration of gas in Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir according to carbon isotopic composition of methane in *** and carbon isotopic composition of natural gas were nearly unchanged after the gas reservoir forming through comparing the FI gases with the natural gas in present gas reservoir.

关键词： secondary alteration fluid inclusion carbon isotope Ordos Basin

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A method of identifying effective source rocks and its application in the Bozhong Depression,Bohai Sea,china

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 458-465页

作者： Jiang Fujie Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Zhou Xiaohui Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

research on effective source rocks directly affects the accuracy of identifying hydrocarbon resources, and indirectly affects the exploration decisions in petroliferous basins. Although the previous evaluation methods of effective source rocks vary relatively widely, a complete quantitative evaluation approach has not yet been developed. For that reason, we redefined the concept of effective source rocks based on the existing research results. Surrounding this definition, and guided by the hydrocarbon expulsion theory, the quantitative model called ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is established to predict effective source rocks. Its application in the Bozhong Depression indicates that among the four sets source rocks in the Bozhong Depression, the Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 3 ） has the largest effective source rock thickness, and the Member 1 Member 2 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 1＋2 ） is the second largest .The effective part of dark mudstone is only 30%-80% of the total volume and with the increase of buried depth and improvement of quality, the effective part increases. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is a practical technique for effective source rock prediction.

关键词： Source rock effectiveness hydrocarbon expulsion threshold Bozhong Depression Bohai Sea

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A hydrocarbon enrichment model and prediction of favorable accumulation areas in complicated superimposed basins in china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 10-19页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Jiang Zhenxue Liu Luofu Lu Xiuxiang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in china are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim Basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.

关键词： Complicated superimposed basin key factor matching T-BCMS model favorable area for hydrocarbon accumulation hydrocarbon distribution prediction

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Classification of carbonate gas condensate reservoirs using well test and production data analyses

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 70-78页

作者： Li Yong Li Baozhu Hu Yongle Xia Jing Liu Zhaowei Deng Xingliang She Zhicheng Fan Kun research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChinaBeijing 100083.China china National Oil ＆ Gas exploration and development Corporation PetroChinaBeijing 100034China Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChinaKorlaXingjiang 841000China

Carbonate reservoir patterns play an important role in the production performance of oil and gas wells,and it is usually classified through static data analysis which cannot reflect the actual well *** paper takes the Tazhong No.1 gas field in the Tarim Basin,china as an example to investigate the classification of carbonate *** classification method mainly combines well test analysis with production analysis—especially the Blasingame type curve *** on the characteristics of type curves for well test analysis and the Blasingame method,the relationship between the type curves and reservoir pattern was *** than 20 wells were analyzed and the reservoirs were classified into 3 major patterns with 7 ***,the classification results were validated by dynamic performance analysis of wells in the Tazhong No.1 gas *** the basis of the classification results,well stimulation（*** flooding in a single well） was carried out in three volatile-oil wells,and the oil recovery increased by up to 20%.

关键词： Carbonate reservoir pattern well test analysis production analysis type curve

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The generation and its sealing condition of natural gas in the Tadong area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第S1期52卷 96-105页

作者： HU GuoYi1,2,3,LI Jin3,CUI HuiYing3,RAN QiGui3,ZHANG Li3,WANG XiaoBo3 & WANG YiFeng3 1 research institute of petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,beijing,100083,china 2 College of Resources and Environment,china University of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 research institute of petroleum exploration and development-Langfang Branch,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 1. research institute of petroleum exploration and development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 2. College of Resources and Environment China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 3. research institute of petroleum exploration and development-Langfang Branch PetroChina Langfang 065007 China

Focusing on the two natural gas exploration geological problems with abundant source of oil cracking gas in the late stage and the sealing condition of the oil cracking gas reservoir,the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the evaluation parameters of gas cap rock are adopted to the study on the natural gas accumulation conditions in the Tadong area. Both the study on the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the statistical results of reservoir bitumen reveal that the geological formation of oil cracking gas in the Tadong area is located in the top of Cambrian. Two kinds of oil cracking gas geological models at least,namely well Mandong-1's early rapid generation model(Middle Ordovician-end Silurian) and peak cracking model(with the natural gas conversion rate >90%) ,namely well Yingnan-2's two-stage generation model of oil cracking gas,have been set up. The oil cracking gas of Yingnan-2 in the late stage is very significant in the evaluation of natural gas exploration in the Tadong area. The evaluation results of the cap rock show that the microscopic parameters of cap rock from the lower assemblage of Cambrian-Ordovician are better than those from the upper assemblage. The former has strong capillary sealing ability and higher cap rock breakthrough pressure than the upper assemblage,with strong sealing ability,so that natural gas dissipates mainly by diffusion. According to the above investigations,the lower assemblage Cambrian-Ordovician natural gas of Kongquehe slope,Tadong low uplift and Yingjisu depression in the Tadong area prospects well.

关键词： Tadong area oil cracking gas gas generation geological model sealing condition evaluation

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Tectonic types and evolution of Ordovician proto-type basins in the Tarim region

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 164-177页

作者： HE DengFa1, ZHOU XinYuan2, ZHANG ChaoJun3 & YANG XiaoFa1 1 Energy Resources School, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083 2 petrochina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, china 3 research institute of petroleum exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083, china

The Ordovician system is an important target for exploration in the Tarim Basin. Restoration of the Ordovician tectono-depositional environment is a key basis for the study of the structural development history in Tarim block and the prediction of the favorable Ordovician reservoir belts (zones). Based on the surrounding tectonic settings, the litho-facies and sedimentary fill, the palaeo-geography, palaeoclimate and palaeo-ecology, and the structural deformation and magmatic eruptions, in this paper we combine the sedimentary fill in the basin with the development of the surrounding orogenic belts and re-build the proto-type basins of the different Ordovician periods. During the Ordovician period, the Tarim region was characterized by the composite of the interior cratonic depression with the peripheral cratonic depression. The interior cratonic depression in the central and western parts is mainly the depositional area of the platform facies while the peripheral cratonic depression in the eastern part is mainly the zone of deepwater basin facies, with the slope acting as the transition belt between them. During the Late Ordovician period, the closure of the Northern Kunlun Ocean and destruction of the trencharc-basin system in the Altyn Tagh region put the southern part of the Tarim block under compression and uplifting and turned the central and western parts of the carbonate platform into the mixed depositional continental shelf. The eastern region of the basin had the over-compensated flysch sedimentation with huge thickness, marking the drastic turn of the basin nature. The basin tectonic framework turned to the south-north differentiation of the Silurian period from the east-west differentiation of the Ordovician period.

关键词： Ordovician period proto-type basin composite basin basin evolution Tarim block

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