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Physical simulation of fluid flow and production performance in extra-low permeability porous media

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petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 415-420页

作者： You Yuan Yue Xiang’an Li Mingyi Zhao Chunpeng Zhang Tao Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of EducationChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Enhanced Oil Recovery Research Center China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Jilin Oil Field PetroChinaSongyuanJilin 138000China exploration&Production Research institute SinopecBeijing 100083China exploration Department Changqing Oil FieldPetroChinaXi’anShaanxi 710018China

For extra-low permeability reservoirs, with a permeability of about 0.3×10?3 μm2, fluid flow and production performance in cores were studied. A long core holder with a multi-location piezometric measurement was specially designed. An artificial long core, about 700 mm long and with a cross section of 45mm×45mm, was used. In the experiment, pressure distribution along the core can be measured in real time. Single phase flow in the core was investigated. Different modes of production in long cores were also simulated including natural depletion, water flooding, and advanced water flooding. Through physical simulation, flow parameters were collected and production characteristics in extra-low permeability cores were studied. From experimental results, it can be seen that fluid flow in extra-low permeability cores is different from that in high permeability cores. Transmission of pressure in extra-low permeability cores is very slow, and it needs a long time for the pressure to become stable. The distribution curve of pressure along the core is nonlinear and the production rate in extra-low permeability reservoirs decreases sharply. The development effects of different production modes in extra-low permeability cores were compared with one another. Among the production modes, advanced water flooding has much potential for effective development of extra-low permeability reservoirs. Natural depletion and conventional water flooding can also be used in early production periods. In addition, the countermeasures and some ideas especially for the potential development of extra-low permeability reservoirs are suggested.

关键词： Extra-low permeability reservoirs physical simulation fluid flow production performance

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF GAS POOLS (FIELDS) IN china

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石油勘探与开发 1997年第2期24卷 91-95页

作者： Dai Jinxing( Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Insitute of Petdsm exploration and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083)

Chinese natural gas Pools (fields) are chiefly hydrocarbon gas pools (fields), with a few of CO2 and a tiny of H2S ones. The gas genetic types are multiple, dominated by oil-type gas and coal-formed gas types,and then followed by other types such as the biogas, mixed gas, H2S-rich gas and abiogenetic gas etc.. The medium-large sized gas pools (fields), in number, account for onIy 13% of the total gas and oil-gas fields in china, but they pes more than 70% gas reserves of the total. The abiogenetic CO2 gas pooIs (fields) are mainly located in the eastern oil-gas bearing basins, such as the Bohai Bay, Songliao, Subei, Sanshui, East china Sea and Zhujiangkou basins etc.. Natural gas pools (fields) tend to develop in or surround the gas generation centers of sedimentary basins.

关键词： Natural gas Gas reservoir Gas field Feature Gas reservoir type Natural gas origin Petroliferous basin (Gas generation center)

exploration of Complicated Oil and Gas Fields

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 1989年第1期63卷 65-77页

作者： Zhang Xiangning china National Oil & Gas exploration & development Corporation, beijing Liu Linqun china National Oil & Gas exploration & development Corporation Beijing

Complicated oil and gas fields occupy an important position in oil and gas exploration. In this paper, complicated oil and gas fields are grouped into four types: fault-block, lithologic, stratigraphic and fissure types. On the basis of the new theory of petroleum geological exploration in composite oil and gas accumulation areas within continental basins, a new exploration sequence suitable for complicated oil and gas fields has been established, which comprises four stages:(1) initial exploration;(2) preliminary exploration;(3) early step-by-step exploration and development: and(4) late step-by-step exploration and development. The idea of cybernetics has been taken to control various links of a systematic exploration project so as to fully, effectively and comprehensively utilize the new exploration techniques, eventually realizing the optimization of exploration with the aim of raising the efficiency of exploration of complicated oil and gas fields.

关键词： Pro test exploration of Complicated Oil and Gas Fields

Geochemical characteristics and accumulation of marine oil and gas around Halahatang depression,Tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 195-206页

作者： LU YuHong,XIAO ZhongYao,GU QiaoYuan&ZHANG QiuCha Research institute of exploration and development,Tarim Oilfield Company,petrochina,Korla 841000,china petrochina Tarim Oilfield Co Res Inst Explorat & Dev Korla 841000 Peoples R China

There exists a petroleum system rich of oil and gas around Halahatang depression,where the oil and gas possess obvious local distinctions of properties in different *** research proved that the discovered crude oil and natural gas in the region derived mainly from O2+3 source rock,and the differences of its properties were controlled by the oil and gas filling *** comprehensive study result shows the oil and gas reservoirs of the region mainly underwent three important accumulation phases:late Caledonian-Early Hercynian epoch,late Hercynian epoch,and Yanshan-Himalayan epoch. In the first phase,the oil and gas derived mostly from Cambrian source rock,which formed the primary ancient oil reservoirs,then suffered strong degradation and remained a great quantity of pyrobitumen in the high position of Tabei uplift in the *** the second phase,the O2+3 source rock of Manjia'er depression started its generation of hydrocarbon,which accumulated in the high position of Tabei uplift afterwards,and then biodegradated to heavy oil in the late Hercynian *** the last phase,the O2+3 source rock of southern Halahatang depression and margin of Manjia'er depression started its peak of generating liquid hydrocarbon,which mostly accumulated in the trap formed before the Indo-china and Yanshan epoch,and in somewhere the heavy oil suffered dilutions in various degrees or serious gas invading,to lead to obvious crude oil divergence.

关键词： marine facies Mid-Upper Ordovician source rock oil and gas source accumulation stage Halahatang depression Tarim Basin

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含蜡原油石蜡沉积模拟方法研究

石油学报 2003年第2期24卷 105-108页

作者：刘敏中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

对从苏丹Unity油田现场取得有代表性的原油样品进行了原油组分分析和析蜡点测试。并针对油田的生产状况 ,利用与美国德士古石油公司合作建立的自动化高压石蜡沉积循环管道模拟系统 ,采用冷却实验步骤测试了苏丹原油从高于原油析蜡点温... 详细信息

对从苏丹Unity油田现场取得有代表性的原油样品进行了原油组分分析和析蜡点测试。并针对油田的生产状况 ,利用与美国德士古石油公司合作建立的自动化高压石蜡沉积循环管道模拟系统 ,采用冷却实验步骤测试了苏丹原油从高于原油析蜡点温度到较低环境温度范围内在现场流速、油温和环境温度下的石蜡沉积速率 ,定量研究了流速和油温对石蜡沉积速率的影响 ,并采用分子扩散和剪切效应的总效应来描述石蜡沉积机理。利用临界蜡张力作为模拟放大因子 ,采用半经验的石蜡沉积数学模型 ,预测了Unity油田 2 1井的生产井筒在现场生产条件下的石蜡沉积情况 ,模拟了不同产量和不同时间的蜡沉积剖面。结果表明 ,该油井在目前高产条件下 ,未发生石蜡沉积问题 ;在低产时 ,须考虑清蜡和防蜡措施。

关键词：石蜡沉积临界蜡张力模拟研究生产工况井筒石蜡沉积机理含蜡原油

Geochemical characteristics and applications of 18α(H)-neohopanes and 17α(H)-diahopanes

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第19期45卷 1742-1748页

作者： WANG Chunjiang, FU Jiamo, SHENG Guoying, XIAO Qianhua, LI Jinyou, ZHANG Yali & PIAO Mingzhi1. Slate Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Guang/hou 510640, china 2. Department of Geosciences, petroleum University, beijing 102200, china 3. institute of petroleum exploration and Exploitation, Liaohe Bureau of petroleum exploration, Panjin 240000, china State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Department of Geosciences Petroleum University Beijing China institute of petroleum exploration and Exploitation Liaohe Bureau of Petroleum Exploration Panjin China

Distributions and geochemical significances of 18α(H)-neohopanes and of 17α(H)-diahopanes in oils from west Xialiaohe depression of the Bohai Bay Basin have been studied. Relative abundance of 18α(H)-neohopanes and of 17α(H)-diahopanes can be effectively used as maturity parameters, in a range of medium-high mature stage, based on consideration on sedimentary-organic facies of source rocks. With a dual geochemical significance of maturity and sedimentary-organic facies, neohopane and diahopane parameters can be well used in oil-source correlation and in petroleum population division. Formation, primary concentration and preservation of precursors of rearranged hopanes are closely related to depositional conditions such as Eh-pH and clays content. A series of probable diahopanes (series D) was detected in the oils, which exhibits a similar distribution pattern and geochemical behavior as that of 17α(H)-diahopanes (series B).

关键词： 18α(H)-neohopane 17α(H)-diahopane maturity sedimentary-organic facies.

exploration risk evaluation using object-based modeling,an example from the Tertiary fractured play,western Qaidam Basin of china

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petroleum Science 2008年第3期5卷 195-202页

作者： Chen Zhuoheng Hu Suyun Jin Zhijun Pang Xiongqi Jiang Zhenxue Osadetz G. Kirk Geological Survey of Canada. Calgary. AB T2L 2A7. Canada Research institute of petroleum exploration ＆ development. petrochina. beijing 100083. china School of Resources and Information Technology China University of Petroleum. Beijing 102249. China

Geological risk evaluation reveals the uncertainty of converting an anticipated resource potential in an identified exploration target into an economic petroleum accumulation prior to drilling. Providing consistent and unbiased estimates of geological risk for all exploration targets in an area of interest is essential in risk evaluation. This paper discusses the potential use of an object-based stochastic procedure for geological risk evaluation at the play level. The object-based model of Super SD, as a data integration tool, can integrate geological information of petroleum system elements that control occurrences of petroleum pools with the spatial correlation characteristics of the discoveries in a play. Other information, such as the estimated total play potential and size characteristics, from conventional resource assessments can be also incorporated into the model as geological constraints. The uncertainty associated with the data and domain knowledge in the predicted pool locations is expressed as a probability map, representing the geological exploration risk of the play. By incorporating all available inibrmation and checking the consistency of models with geological constraints, the object-based model improves predictions of petroleum occurrences, thus enhancing the associated risk evaluation. The proposed method was applied to the fractured petroleum play of the western Qaidam Basin in northwestern china in order to illustrate the use of the object-based method for risk evaluation.

关键词： exploration risk mapping stochastic simulation. Qaidam Basin

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烃源岩压实渗流排油模型

石油学报 2004年第5期25卷 34-37页

作者：石广仁张庆春中国石油勘探开发研究院北京100083

提出了烃源岩油水两相系统相对渗透率计算公式 ,与逐次沉积压实排液的原理相结合 ,建立了新的排油模型 (简称压实渗流模型 )。该模型与原有纯压实模型相比 ,主要优点是 :①取消了纯压实模型中基于排液前的油水之比与排液量中的油水之比... 详细信息

提出了烃源岩油水两相系统相对渗透率计算公式 ,与逐次沉积压实排液的原理相结合 ,建立了新的排油模型 (简称压实渗流模型 )。该模型与原有纯压实模型相比 ,主要优点是 :①取消了纯压实模型中基于排液前的油水之比与排液量中的油水之比相等的粗略假设 ,使排液量中的油水之比由油水两相的相对渗透率和粘度来确定 ,从本质上改善了地质模型的合理性 ;②克服了纯压实模型因前期排油过早、过大及后期偏小的缺点 ,大大提高了排油史的模拟精度 ,从而确保随后对油运、聚史的模拟真实性。两种模型在库车坳陷进行了对比应用。

关键词：盆地模拟油水系统烃源岩相对渗透率排油模型压实渗流模型库车坳陷

Distribution and State of Ni Contaminants on Resid Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts—Characterization by AEM, EPMA, UV-Vis and TPR

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石油学报（石油加工） 1997年第S1期13卷 148-153页

作者： Xue Yongfang (Research institute of petroleum Processing, beijing 100083) Research institute of petroleum Processing Beijing 100083 China

ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＳｔａｔｅｏｆＮｉＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｓｏｎＲｅｓｉｄＦｌｕｉｄＣａｔａｌｙｔｉｃＣｒａｃｋｉｎｇＣａｔａｌｙｓｔｓ—ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｙＡＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ，ＵＶＶｉｓ... 详细信息

ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎａｎｄＳｔａｔｅｏｆＮｉＣｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｎｔｓｏｎＲｅｓｉｄＦｌｕｉｄＣａｔａｌｙｔｉｃＣｒａｃｋｉｎｇＣａｔａｌｙｓｔｓ—ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚａｔｉｏｎｂｙＡＥＭ，ＥＰＭＡ，ＵＶＶｉｓａｎｄＴＰＲＸｕｅＹｏｎｇｆａｎｇ...

关键词： distribution state Ni contaminant equilibrium catalysts resid fluid catalytic cracking process