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水稻土中铁氧化物的厌氧还原及其对微生物过程的影响

亚洲精细农业与计算机农业应用联合大会

作者： CAO Hong-Xin 1 , ZHANG Chun-Lei 2 , LI Guang-Ming 2 , ZHANG Bao-Jun 3 , ZHAO Suo-Lao 3 , WANG Bao-Qing 3 , JIN Zhi-Qing 1 , ZHU Da-Wei 1 , ZHU Juan-Juan 3 , WEI Xiu-Fang 1 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research/Engineering Research Center for Digital agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu 2 Institute of Oil Crops Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural sciences, Wuhan 430062, Hubei 3 northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712100, shaanxi, china

The objectives of this studies were to develop the optimum shoot and ramification number dynamic models for rapeseed （OSRNDMR）, and to lay an foundation for Rapeseed Cultivation Simulation-Optimization-Decision Making System （Rape-CSODS）,which can design its planting, regulate and control its growth and development, and fulfill its high yield, good quality, high benefits and standard production eventually. The OSRNDMR were developed based on field experiments with 4 cultivars, 6 sowing dates, 2 fertilizing levels and 2 sites from 2002 to 2008 in middle and lower valley of Yangtze River in china, relative data from references of rapeseed researches, and ideas of R/WCSODS （Rice/Wheat Cultivation Simulation-Optimization-Decision Making System）. In the same time, the OSRNDMR and its parameters also were assessed, calibrated and tested. Multi-factors such as ramification types, cultivars, and light etc. were responsed in the models, which make models to have general, objectives, mechanism, and dynamiccharacteristics, and to be used in different regions, ramification types, cultivars, and yield levels.

关键词： rapeseed optimum shoot and ramification number dynamic models

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土壤学报 2003年第6期40卷 858-863页

作者：曲东张一平 Schnell S Conrad R 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院陕西杨凌712100 Justus-Liebig university Giessen Institute of Applied Microbiology Max-Planck-Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology

采用厌氧泥浆恒温培养实验 ,测定了添加 6种外源氧化铁后土壤中Fe(Ⅱ )和Fe(Ⅲ )浓度的变化 ,探讨了不同氧化铁的还原能力及其对土壤产H2 、产CO2 、产乙酸和产CH4 过程的影响。结果表明 :无定形氧化铁和纤铁矿易于被还原 ,两者的最终... 详细信息

采用厌氧泥浆恒温培养实验 ,测定了添加 6种外源氧化铁后土壤中Fe(Ⅱ )和Fe(Ⅲ )浓度的变化 ,探讨了不同氧化铁的还原能力及其对土壤产H2 、产CO2 、产乙酸和产CH4 过程的影响。结果表明 :无定形氧化铁和纤铁矿易于被还原 ,两者的最终还原程度大体相同 ,但无定形氧化铁存在还原滞后现象 ;针铁矿、赤铁矿、Al取代针铁矿和Al取代赤铁矿难以被还原 ,表现出与对照相同的还原特征 ;铁还原能导致土壤中H2 和乙酸稳态浓度的降低 ,有效抑制了甲烷产生 ;添加Fe(OH) 3和纤铁矿后 ,Fe(Ⅲ )还原占总电子传递的贡献率由对照的 1 8.3 0 %增至 63 .3 2 %和 46.90 % ,而形成甲烷的电子传递贡献率由对照的 80 .92 %降至 3 5 .85 %和 5 2 .3 2 % ,Fe(Ⅲ )还原对电子的竞争消耗。

关键词：水稻土铁氧化物厌氧还原微生物影响因素厌氧泥浆恒温培养实验

地理信息系统在侵蚀产沙模型与水土保持监测中的应用

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水土保持研究 2004年第2期11卷 65-68页

作者：刘纪根蔡强国刘前进樊良新中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 华中农业大学武汉430070 西北农林科技大学陕西杨陵 712100

将侵蚀产沙模型和地理信息系统集成起来,将地理信息系统应用于水土保持监测中,充分利用GIS在数据管理、空间分析及可视化方面的功能,是今后侵蚀产沙模型与水土保持监测的发展方向。总结了地理信息系统在侵蚀产沙中的应用,阐述了地理信... 详细信息

将侵蚀产沙模型和地理信息系统集成起来,将地理信息系统应用于水土保持监测中,充分利用GIS在数据管理、空间分析及可视化方面的功能,是今后侵蚀产沙模型与水土保持监测的发展方向。总结了地理信息系统在侵蚀产沙中的应用,阐述了地理信息系统与侵蚀产沙模型集成的发展历史,并对其3种结合方式进行了评述。同时,也就地理信息系统在水土保持监测中的应用进行了总结。

关键词：侵蚀产沙模型地理信息系统集成水土保持监测

Sorption of Heavy Metal and Organic Pollutants on Modified Soils

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Pedosphere 2007年第2期17卷 235-245页

作者： MENG Zhao-Fu ZHANG Yi-Ping WANG Guo-Dong College of Life science Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）. College of Natural Resources and the Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 （China）

Sorption characteristics of both an organic pollutant (phenol) and a heavy metal (cadmium ion) on the clay layer of a Lou soil (Eum-orthic Anthrosol in Chinese Soil Taxonomy) along with the sorption mechanism were investigated using three soil treatments: modification with a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide added at an amount equivalent to 50% and 100% of the soil CEC (50%CB and 100%CB), modification with an amphoteric surface-modifying agent dodecyldimethylbetaine (commercially known as BS-12) added at an amount equivalent to 50% and 100% of the soil CEC (50% BS and 100%BS), and an unmodified control (CK). Results showed that the BS soil treatments increased sorption of both the heavy metal Cd2+ and the organic pollutant phenol. The equilibrium sorption amount of Cd2+ decreased in the order: 50%BS > 100%BS > CK > 50%CB > 100%CB, with the BS soil treatments being about 1.3 to 1.8 times higher and the CB soil treatments about 23% to 41% lower than CK. Both the single-site and two-site Langmuir models could be applied to describe the sorption of Cd2+ in each soil treatment. The equilibrium sorption amount of phenol on the soil samples decreased in the order: 100%CB > 50%CB > 100%BS > 50%BS > CK, with the CB soil treatments being 41.0 to 79.6 times higher and the BS soil treatments 4.0 to 8.3 times higher than CK. The Freundlich equation could also be used to describe the sorption characteristics of phenol. In the BS soil treatments, both an organophobic long carbon chain and hydrophilic charged groups resulted in a relatively strong sorption ability for both heavy metals and organic pollutants. In addition, the sorption ratio K, the ratio of phenol sorption amount of the modified soil to that of CK, increased initially and decreased later with the amount of phenol added, and the critical sorption ratio KC, the peak value of the sorption ratio curve plotted against the added phenol concentration, was a good index for evaluating the sorption ability of

关键词： amphoteric surface modifying agent cadmium ion phenol sorption characteristics sorption ratio K

Hydrogen peroxide-induced changes in intracellular pH of guard cells precede stomatal closure

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Cell Research 2001年第1期11卷 37-43页

作者： ZHANG XIAO, FA CAI DONG, JUN FENG GAO, CHUN PENG SONG (Department of Biology, Henan university, Kaifeng 475001, china) (College of Life sciences, northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712100, china) Department of Biology Henan University Kaifeng China College of Life sciences Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling China

Epidermal bioassay demonstrated that benzylamine, a membrane-permeable weak base, can mimick hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce stomatal closure, and butyric acid, a membrane-permeable weak acid, can partly abolish the H2O2-induced stomatal closure. Confocal pH mapping with the probe 5-(and-6)- carboxy seminaphthorhodafluor- 1 - acetoxymethylester (SNARF-1-AM) revealed that H2O2 leads to rapid changes in cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH in guard cells of Viola faba L, i. e. alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas occur red in parallel with a decrease of the vacuolar pH, and that butyric acid pretreatment can abolish alkalinization of cytoplasmic areas and acidification of vacuolar areas of guard cells challenged with H2O2. These results imply that the alkalinization of cytoplasm via efflux of cytosol protons into the vacuole in guard cells challenged with H2O2 is important at an early stage in the signal cascade leading to stomatal closure.

关键词： H2O2 pH SNARF-1-AM confocal Vicia guard cell.

Effect of molecular weight of dissolved organic matter on toxicity and bioavailability of copper to lettuce

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第12期22卷 1960-1965页

作者： Xudong Wang,Xianni Chen,Shuai Liu,Xizu Ge College of Resource and Environment,northwest agriculture and forestry university,shaanxi 712100,china College of Resource and Environment Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Shaanxi 712100 China

To clarify the effects of molecular weight of dissolved organic matter （DOM） on the toxicity and bioavailability of copper （Cu） to plants, DOM extracted from chicken manure was ultra-filtered into four fractions according to their molecular weights by means of sequential-stage ultrafiltration technique. Lettuce seeds were germinated by being exposed to the solutions containing Cu^2＋ with or without different fractions of DOM. The concentration of copper in roots, leaves, sprouts and the length of roots were investigated. The results showed that not all fractions of DOM could improve copper availability or toxicity. The fraction of DOM with larger molecular weight more than 1 kDa had higher complexation stability with Cu^2＋ and caused lower concentration of free Cu^2＋ ion in the solution of copper plus the fraction, resulting in lower availability and toxicity of copper to lettuce, but the fraction with molecular weight less than 1 kDa had the opposite function. Therefore, the molecular weight of 1 kDa may be the division point to determine DOM to increase or decrease copper availability and toxicity.

关键词： fraction of dissolved organic matter complexation stability coooer availability

Soil Microbial Biomass Nitrogen and Its Relationship to Uptake of Nitrogen by Plants

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Pedosphere 2002年第3期12卷 251-256页

作者： ZHOUJIANBIN LISHENGXIU 等 CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalsciences NorthwestSci－TechUniversityofAgricultureandForestryYanglingShaanxi712100（China） CollegeofResourcesandEnvironmentalsciences NorthwestSci－TechUniversityofAgr

The contents of the soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) in the soils sampled from the Loess Plateau of china were determined using chloroform fumigation aerobic incubation method (CFAIM), chloroform fumigation anaerobic incubation method (CFANIM) and chloroform fumigation-extraction method (CFEM).The N taken up by ryegrass on the soils was determined after a glasshouse pot experiment. The flushes of nitrogen (FN) of the soils obtained by the CFAIM and CFANIM were higher than that by the CFEM, and there were significantly positive correlations between the FN obtained by the 3 methods. The N extracted from the fumigated soils by the CFAIM, CFANIM and CFEM were significantly positively correlated with the N uptake by ryegrass. The FN obtained by the 3 methods was also closely positively correlated with the plant N uptake. The contributions of the SMBN and mineral N and mineralized N during the incubation period to plant N uptake were evaluated with the multiple regression method. The results showed that the N contained in the soil microbial biomass might play a noticeable role in the N supply of the soils to the plant.

关键词： mineral N N uptake soil microbial biomass N

STUDY OF SETTING UP THE FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM BASED ON WEBGIS

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Chinese Geographical science 2003年第1期13卷 56-61页

作者： WU Su-li, LOU Quan-sheng, QUAN Zhi-jie, LI Xiao-jun (northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, Xi’an 712100, P. R. china) northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry Xi’an P. R. China

Based on an analysis of the characteristics of the Forest Resources Management Information System of each development phase, and consideration of the technical trend in Geographic Information System (GIS) in the Internet Age, this paper explores the importance and the feasibility of setting up Forest Resources Management Information System based on the WEBGIS. At the same time, based on the experience of our study, the paper explores the function, structure and method of developing the Forest Resources Management Information System based on WEBGIS. With the technology of WEBGIS, the Forest Resources Management Information System with data from Huoditang Farm was set up, which makes a great impact on forest resources management. So setting up the Forest Resources Management Information System based on WEBGIS is a trend of forest resources management. In the course of setting up this system, we must pay attention to following questions: 1) unify data standard and information encoding; 2) change mind.

关键词： WEBGIS forest resources management information system

Anatomy of Vitis Berries During Their Coloring

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Agricultural sciences in china 2002年第4期1卷 400-403页

作者： WAN Yi-zhen and HE Pu-chao(College of Horticulture, northwest sci-tech university of agriculture and forestry, yangling 712100 , P.R. china) College of Horticulture Northwest Sci- Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 P.R. China

During 1998 - 1999, the course of the berry coloring and the development of the pigment cells from veraison to ripeness were studied by freeze sectioning 43 accessions of 12 Vitis species (including 10 Chinese wild species). External observation showed that the berries of most species began coloring on the fruit top surface or on the sun-lit surface, and the berry surface color was evenly distributed when the berry was ripe. Internal observation revealed that the pigment cells in a few layers between cuticle and sub-cuticle colored first, the cuticle colored from inner layers to outer layers while the sub-cuticle from outer to inner, and the cuticle cells began coloring a little earlier than the sub-cuticle ones in most species. The pigment cells developed unevenly during the berry ripening. In the beginning of berry coloring, the cell pigment density among the layers or among the cells in the same layer was different. Both the numbers of the pigmented cells and the cell pigment density increased during the berry coloring, while the former lasted a short time; however, the latter kept increasing from veraison to ripeness, and they reached the deepest color when the berry was ripe.

关键词： Vitis Berry Coloring Pigment cell Anatomy