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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1233-1241页

作者： LIU Wu(institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china) institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

For the past two decades, studies and debates on the modern human origins around the world have attracted attentions to the late Pleistocene human evolution and formation of modern human populations, and some controversial hypotheses and problems have been proposed. In the present paper, some problems on the late Pleistocene human evolution, and the formation and differentiations of modern human populations in china are studied with a brief description and comments on the research advances in this field.

关键词： late Pleistocene human evolution formation and differentiation of modern human population paleoanthropology.

Periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第7期57卷 790-794页

作者： HU Rong1,2,3, ZHAO LingXia1,2 & WU XinZhi2 1 Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of vertebrates, institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2 laboratory of human evolution, institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China laboratory of human evolution Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Periodicity of Retzius lines is a key factor in dental development. In this study, we examined the periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South china using polarized light microscope observation of dental ground sections. The periodicities all of the 15 teeth were 9 d. Comparisons of periodicity were made with extant primates, fossil apes and hominins. Periodicity of fossil Pongo from South china was relatively long but fell within the variation of extant Pongo, Gorilla and modern human, and longer than periodicity of Pan and other extant primates. Fossil Pongo from South china was similar to Lufengpithecus and Sivapithecus, shorter than Gigantopithecus and longer than European and African fossil apes and most early hominins in periodicity. Generally, the periodicities of Asian large-body fossil apes were longer than the periodicities of European and African large-body fossil apes in Miocene. Difference among species and trend of evolution in periodicity were analyzed and discussed. We found that periodicity might gradually increase from Proconsul in early Miocene to several fossil apes in Miocene and then Gigantopithecus in Pleistocene. In addition, this study made correlate analysis between periodicity and body mass respectively in males and females of six extant apes and five fossil apes, and found that periodicity positively correlated with body mass.

关键词：周期性变化中国南方大猩猩化石灵长类动物早中新世类人猿显微镜观察

A zooarchaeological study of bone assemblages from the Ma'anshan Paleolithic site

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第3期53卷 395-402页

作者： ZHANG Yue1,2,3, WANG ChunXue1,2, ZHANG ShuangQuan1,2 & GAO Xing1,2 1 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044 2 Joint laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044 3 State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Joint laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing China

Ten thousands of bone fragments were recovered from the Ma’anshan Paleolithic site, of which 4358 pieces can be identified to skeletal elements or species. In this research, the bone assemblages are quantified based on elements of MNI, MNE, and MAU. Then bone surface modifications and skeletal element profiles of the bone assemblages are studied to understand shlepping behaviors and reveal the technique of disarticulating and defleshing the animals’ bodies, etc. Based on the analyses of bone assemblages and the comparative study with the ethnoarchaeological as well as experimental data, it is assumed that later hominids at the site made fuller use of the game animals than the earlier hominids. Incorporating the lines of evidence from chronological dating, paleoenvironment, and polished bone tools between the two cultural layers, here we propose three hypotheses suggesting that the changes of environment, the migrations of the hominids from the North, or the demographic pulses may cause such a behavioral difference. However, it is yet to be determined which hypothesis can better explain the changes.

关键词： Ma’anshan site zooarchaeology Paleolithic hominid behavior

Dynamics of morphological changes for mitochondrial fission and fusion

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 680-689页

作者： WANG ShiQi 1,2,4 , FU ChangLiang 1,2 , ZHANG Yan 1,2 , CHEN Quan 3 & LONG Mian 1,2 1 Key laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity laboratory), beijing 100190, china 2 Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, institute of Mechanics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100190, china 3 State Key laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, institute of Zoology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china 4 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china Key laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity laboratory) Beijing China Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Mitochondria experience continuous fusion and fission in a living cell, but their dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here a theoretical model was developed, upon a simplified population balance equation (PBE), to predict the morphological changes induced by mitochondrial fission and fusion. Assuming that both fission and fusion events are statistically independent, the survival probability of mitochondria staying in the fission or fusion state was formulated as an exponentially-decayed function with time, which depended on the time-dependent distribution of the mitochondrial volume and the fission and fusion rates. Parametric analysis was done for two typical volume distributions. One was Gamma distribution and the other was Gaussian distribution, derived from the measurements of volume distribution for individual mitochondria in a living cell and purified mitochondria in vitro. The predictions indicated that the survival probability strongly depended on morphological changes of individual mitochondria and was inversely correlated to the fission and fusion rates. This work provided a new insight into quantifying the mitochondrial dynamics via monitoring the evolution of the mitochondrial volume.

关键词： mitochondria morphology fission fusion dynamics modeling

Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper Palaeolithic in northern china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3, SHEN Chen1,2,4 GAO Xing1,2 CHEN FuYou1,2 & WANG ChunXue1,2,3 1institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China The Royal Ontario Museum Toronto Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASOs) were identified from a few Upper Palaeolithic sites in northern china. Its morpho- logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASO has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern china. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were employed. The result suggests that the ASO might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, providing evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern china. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern china.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析

Cut marks and terminal Pleistocene hominids in the Ma'anshan site:Evidence for meat-eating

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3872-3879页

作者： ZHANG Yue1,2,3, WANG ChunXue1,2, ZHANG ShuangQuan1,2 & GAO Xing1,2? 1 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2 Joint laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3 State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008, china institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Joint laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing China

In this paper, cut marks on the long bones of class Ⅱ sized animals in the Ma'anshann site are studied. Based on the location and frequencies of the long bone cut marks, the distribution characteristics are analyzed as follows: (1) cut mark frequencies in the lower layer (LL) are much higher than those of the upper; (2) in the LL cut mark frequency of the upper limbs is the highest, and that of the middle and lower limbs is lower and the lowest; (3) In the upper layer (UL) the cut mark frequency, does not spread as orderly as in the LL. The data are compared to those of the experiment and it is demonstrated that values of the LL all fall into the experimental 95% confidence intervals, and the cut mark frequencies of the upper, middle and lower limbs coincide with those of the experiment; while the values of the UL are much lower, of which, those of the humerus, femur and radius are out of the intervals, and the frequencies of the upper, middle and lower limbs are far more different from those of the experiment. It implies that the earlier hominids (of the LL) defleshed the limbs of the class Ⅱ sized animals with stone tools more completely than the later hominids. With the evidence of burning marks, it is suggested that the difference on the roasting behaviors derived the cut mark difference of the Ma'anshan UL and LL.

关键词：原始人类马鞍山证据网站痕迹切口更新世肉类

First discovery of fossil Diplothrix (Muridae, Rodentia) outside the Ryukyu Islands, Japan

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第4期55卷 411-417页

作者： WANG Yuan1,2, JIN ChangZhu1 & WEI GuangBiao3,41 Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of vertebrates, institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 3 Chongqing Three Gorges institute of paleoanthropology, china Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing 400015, china 4 Chongqing Three Gorges Culture and Social Development Research institute, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 400047, china Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of vertebrates Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Chongqing Three Gorges institute of paleoanthropology China Three Gorges Museum Chongqing China Chongqing Three Gorges Culture and Social Development Research institute Chongqing Normal University Chongqing China

The first Diplothrix (Muridae, Rodentia) fossils of the early Early Pleistocene are described as D. yangziensis sp. nov., which were collected from the Renzidong Cave deposits in Anhui Province, Eastern china. Diplothrix was previously represented by a single species, D. legata, whose geographical distribution during the Late Pleistocene is restricted to the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. With straight chevrons on M1, distinct t3 and t9 on upper molars, primitive M3, mlc on m1, and developed a-lab on m2 and m3, the new species is morphologically distinct from other large murids in East Asia, and should belong to the genus Diplothrix. There are also differences in molar morphology between the new species and D. legata, the type species of Diplothrix, as well as other known fossils. For example, D. yangziensis sp. nov. has a smaller size, a more elongated crown, developed precingulum and pc on M1, more primitive M3, weaker mlc and more primitive pc on m1, and stronger plc and pc on m3. In short, Diplothrix yangziensis sp. nov. is evidently more primitive than D. legata, suggesting that the former is likely the ancestor of the latter. Diplothrix yangziensis sp. nov. is the first discovery of the genus outside the Ryukyu Islands, Japan and is also the earliest and most primitive species of the genus in Eurasia. Its discovery has significant implications for reconstructing the evolution and dispersal pattern of Diplothrix, as well as for discussing its palaeoecological variation.

关键词：琉球群岛化石日本鼠科形态差异供应量早更新世中国东部

Archaeological study of ostrich eggshell beads collected from SDG site

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第19期54卷 3887-3895页

作者： WANG ChunXue1,2,3, ZHANG Yue1,3,4, GAO Xing1,3, ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3 & WANG HuiMin1,5 1 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2 Graduate School, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100039, china 3 Joint laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 4 State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 210008, china 5 Ningxia Provincial institute of Archaeology, Yinchuan 750001, china institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Joint laboratory of human evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing China Ningxia Provincial institute of Archaeology Yinchuan China

Ostrich eggshell beads and fragments collected from SDG site reflect primordial art and a kind of symbolic behavior of modern humans. Based on stratigraphic data and OSL dating, these ostrich eggshell beads are probab... 详细信息

关键词：蛋壳鸵鸟收集网站考古现代人类原始艺术旧石器时代

Early agricultural development and environmental effects in the Neolithic Longdong basin(eastern Gansu)

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chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第8期56卷 762-771页

作者： ZHOU XinYing LI XiaoQiang ZHAO KeLiang DODSON John SUN Nan YANG Qing State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi'an 710075 China laboratory of human evolution and Archeological Science Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beifing 100049 China institute for Environmental Research the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Sydney NSW 1001 Australia

Neolithic agricultural development and environmental effects in the Longdong area were reconstructed using a synthetic approach,investigating pollen,charcoal,and seed remains for two cultural layer sections and five flotation *** show that Neolithic agriculture in the Longdong area had a simple organization and was dominated by the production of common millet,especially in the early and middle Yangshao *** the late Yangshao age,Neolithic agriculture developed into a more complex structure,dominated by both common and foxtail millet and the cultivation of rice and *** production of foxtail millet gradually increased through the Neolithic period,reaching its highest point during the Qijia *** were first cultivated during the late Yangshao culture,approximately 5000 cal a *** production began no later than 4800 cal a BP,and continued to exist in the Qijia culture,approximately 4000 cal a *** production in Neolithic Longdong,specifically in the "Yuan" area of the loess plateau,developed as a shrub and grass dominated *** in the river valleys was partly covered with Picea,Tusga,and Quercus coniferous and broadleaf mixed *** activity during the Neolithic period caused an increase in farmland on the loess tableland and a decrease in the abundance of shrub and grassland in the Longdong *** farmlands were abandoned,vegetation recovered with Hippophae-,Rosaceae-,Ephedra-,and Leguminosae-dominated shrublands and Artemisia-dominated grasslands.

关键词：新石器时代农业发展陇东地区环境影响甘肃东部早期新石器时期盆地