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The role of reservoir mediums in natural oil cracking:Preliminary experimental results in a confined system

Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第33期55卷 3787-3793页

作者： XIAO QiLin1,2,SUN YongGe1,3 & ZHANG YongDong1,2 1 State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2 Graduate Schools,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,china 3 institute of environmental and biogeochemistry(eBig),zhejiang university,hangzhou 310027,china State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China Graduate Schools Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of environmental and biogeochemistry (eBig) Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Large amounts of data regarding the influence of temperature and pressure on the thermal stability of crude oil have been pub-lished;however,the role of reservoir mediums has received little *** involving oil cracking in the presence of montmorillonite,illite,calcite,quartz and water were conducted in closed gold tubes to investigate the effects of these reservoir mediums on oil *** was done by screening variations in the chemical and stable carbon isotopic components of nC10+ and gasoline-range hydrocarbons(nC8-)present in various *** indicated that reservoir mediums have an active role in oil cracking under experimental *** concentrations of nC10+ in the cracked residues progressively decreased in systems containing oil+water+illite,oil+water+montmorillonite,oil+water,oil+water+quartz and oil+water+*** comparison with the system containing oil+water,our results indicated a retardation effect for oil cracking in systems in the presence of illite and montmorillonite,and an acceleration effect on oil destruction in systems in the presence of calcite and ***10+ became increasingly depleted in 13C in systems with oil+water+illite,oil+water+calcite,oil+water+montmorillonite,oil+water+ quartz and oil+*** obvious correlation was observed between concentrations and stable carbon isotopic components of nC6-nC8 and nC10+ in the individual *** discrepancies in chemical and stable carbon isotopic components of nC6-nC8 and nC10+ in the pyrolyzed residues highlighted the important role of reservoir mediums to control carbon-carbon cleavage of nC10+ and then the isomerization,cyclolization and aromatization reactions;as well as governing the occurrence and thermal destruction of nC6-nC8 under experimental *** research may have critical implications in reconstructing chemical kinetic models for natural oil cracking.

关键词：裂解作用实验条件密闭系统原油裂解水库介质天然同位素组成

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Top 10 Influential Events in carbon neutrality and climate change response for 2023

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第1期18卷 1-3页

作者： Research institute of Carbon Neutrality of Shanghai Jiao Tong university Research institute of Carbon Neutrality Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

In 2023, the global community intensified its efforts towards achieving carbon neutrality and addressing climate change, witnessing several impactful events. Research institute of Carbon Neutrality, Shanghai Jiao Tong university compiled the Top 10 Events (in chronological order) in the field of global carbon neutrality and climate change response for 2023, to share with readers these significant moments that document the ongoing ambition and collective efforts of human society.

关键词： neutral collective intensified

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Multiple products of B-splines used in CAD system

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第4期16卷 425-430页

作者： XU Huixia and WANG Guojin institute of Images and Graphics, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china State Key Laboratory of CAD&CG, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china institute of Images and Graphics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key Laboratory of CAD and CG Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

The function upgrade of computer aided design (CAD) system requested that the multiple product of B-spline functions should be represented as a linear combination of some suitable (usually higher-degree) B-splines. In this paper, we apply the theory of spline space and discrete B-splines to deduce the representation of the coefficients of all terms of the linear combination, which can be directly applied to software coding in system development.

关键词： computer aided design (CAD) NURBS Marsden’s identity.

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Photodegradation of α-naphthaleneacetic acid in aqueous solution

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2001年第3期13卷 361-364页

作者： LIU Hui jun, ZHOU Zhu fei, LIU Wei ping (environmental Science institute, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china. 浙江大学浙江杭州 310027

Kinetic processes of a-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) photolysis were studied under different conditions. The results showed that the ultraviolet light was more effective than fluorescent light in promoting degradation, and the degradation of NAA under ultraviolet light followed the first order kinetics with the photolysis rate constant of 1.15 x 10-2 min-1 and half-life time (t1/2) of 60 min. Further, it was proved that the photolysis rate was higher in the presence of oxygen, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and low pH (acidic solution). At last, two photolysis intermediates were identified by GC-MS and possible photolysis pathways were proposed.

关键词： Acids Degradation Fluorescence Photolysis Solutions

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POLYMERIZATION OF γ-STEARYL-α,l-GLUTAMATE N-CARBOXYANHYDRIDE USING RARE EARTH COORDINATION CATALYSTS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第4期18卷 369-372页

作者： Xiao-ping Hu Jian Wu Zhi-kang Xu Lin-xian Feng institute of Polymer Science, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china Department of Chemistry, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china 浙江大学浙江杭州

A rare earth coordination system was first investigated as a new type of catalyst for the ring-openingpolymerization of α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). The results for the polymerization of γ-stearyl-α,L-glutamate(SLG) NCA using neodymium acetylacetonate (Nd(acac)_3)- or neodymium tris(2-ethylhexylphosphonate) (Nd(P_(204))_3)-triethylaluminum-water as catalysts were compared with those using conventional catalysts. It was found that the helicalpoly(γ-stearyl-L-glutamate) with high molecular weight as well as narrow molecular weight distribution can be obtained inthe presence of Nd(acac)_3/AlEt_3-1/2H_2O. The polymer obtained was characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy.

关键词： Rare earth coordination catalyst Ring-opening polymerization Polypeptide Poly(γ-stearyl-α,L-glutamate)

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Modeling golden section in plants

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第2期19卷 255-260页

作者： Lanling Zeng,Guozhao Wang institute of Computer Graphic and Image Processing,zhejiang university,hangzhou 310027,china institute of Computer Graphic and Image Processing Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Plants are complex structures,changing their shapes in response to environmental factors such as sunlight,water and neighboring plants. However,some mathematical rules can be found in their growth patterns,one of which is the golden section. The golden section can be observed in branching systems,phyllotaxis,flowers and seeds,and often the spiral arrangement of plant organs. In this study,tree,flower and fruit models have been generated by using the corresponding golden section characteristics,resulting in more natural patterns. Furthermore,the golden section can be found in the bifurcate angles of trees and lobed leaves,extending the golden section theory.

关键词： Golden section Plant morphology Plant modeling

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Experimental adsorption equilibrium study and comparison of zeolite with water and ethanol for cooling systems

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Journal of zhejiang university-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2007年第2期8卷 216-220页

作者： MAIGA Abdoulaye Siddeye, CHEN Guang-ming, WANG Qin (institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china) institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics zhejiang university hangzhou 310027 china Ph.D student at Zhejing university from Mali

Two adsorption refrigeration working pairs of zeolite with water and ethanol were studied and the parameters of Dubinin-Astakhov model were regressed using the experimental data of equilibrium. The coefficient of heterogeneity varied from 1.305 to 1.52 for the zeolite-water pair and from 1.73 to 2.128 for zeolite-ethanol pair. The maximum adsorption capacity varied from 0.315 to 0.34 for zeolite-water and 0.23 to 0.28 for zeolite-ethanol, respectively. The results showed that the zeolite-water pair is suitable for solar energy cooling not only because of the high latent heat of vaporization of water but also because of the better equilibrium performance. On the other hand, zeolite-ethanol gives a high adsorption capacity at high regeneration tem-perature, which means it can be used in heat engine systems like buses and cars.

关键词： Adsorption refrigeration Zeolite Ethanol Water Equilibrium

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Effect of background electrolytes on the adsorption of nitroaromatic compounds onto bentonite

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1044-1052页

作者： CHEN Baoliang, HUANG Wenhai Department of environmental Science, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310028, zhejiang, china. Department of environmental Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 Zhejiang China

To further elucidate interaction of nitroaromatic compounds with mineral surface, the sorption of m-dinitrobenzene （m-DNB） and nitrobenzene to original bentonite in aqueous solution containing different electrolytes （i.e., KCl, NH4Cl, CaCl2 and Tetramethylammonium bromide （TMAB）） was studied. The sorption of m-DNB was greatly enhanced with the presence of KCl and NH4Cl, while little influence was observed with CaCl2 and TMAB, following the order of KCl 〉 NH4Cl 〉〉 TMAB, CaCl2, or DI water. For nitrobenzene, sorption enhancement only occurred at high nitrobenzene concentrations in the presence of KCl, and the solute equilibrium concentration at inflexion point was lowered with increasing KCl concentration. These sorption enhancements were significantly promoted with the increase of electrolyte concentration. The salting-out effect is insufficient to account for the sorption enhancement by original bentonite with increasing KCI or NH4Cl concentration. X-ray diffraction patterns of bentonite suspensions indicated that the sorption enhancement of m-DNB was attributed to the intercalation of K^＋ or NH4^＋ into bentonite interlayer and then dehydration with m-DNB to form inner-sphere complexes, which caused previously expanded bentonite interlayers to collapse in aqueous suspension, thus further enhanced the interaction of phenyl with siloxane surface. In comparison, the sorption enhancement of NB is attributed to the formation of outer-sphere complexes with K^＋ at high solute-loadings （〉 20（0-400 mg/kg）. The sorption of m-DNB to initially modified TMA^＋-bentonite and K^＋-bentonite was almost the same as respective sorption to original bentonite in solution containing TMA^＋ and K^＋.

关键词： sorption nitroaromatic compound bentonite cation type wastewater treatment

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Cleaner production for continuous digester processes based on hybrid Pareto genetic algorithm

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2003年第1期15卷 129-135页

作者： JIN Fu\|jiang, WANG Hui, LI Ping (institute of Industrial Process Control, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china. institute of Industrial Process Conlnil Zhejiang University Hangzhnu 310027

Pulping production process produces a large amount of wastewater and pollutant emitted, which has become one of the main pollution sources in pulp and paper industry. To solve this problem, it is necessary to implement cleaner production by using modeling and optimization technology. This paper studies the modeling and multi\|objective genetic algorithms for continuous digester process. First, model is established, in which environmental pollution and saving energy factors are considered. Then hybrid genetic algorithm based on Pareto stratum\|niche count is designed for finding near\|Pareto or Pareto optimal solutions in the problem and a new genetic evaluation and selection mechanism is proposed. Finally using the real data from a pulp mill shows the results of computer simulation. Through comparing with the practical curve of digester,this method can reduce the pollutant effectively and increase the profit while keeping the pulp quality unchanged.

关键词： cleaner production multi\|objective optimization genetic algorithm Pareto stratum concentration of residual alkali Kamyr continuous digester

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Analysis on the environmental problems accompanying the high-speed urbanization of small towns in china

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2002年第1期14卷 120-126页

作者： XU Lei, GE Jian, HUA Ying (Department of Architecture, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china Department of Architecture Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027

The environmental problems accompanying the rapid urbanization of many small towns like Keqiao, Shaoxing County of china and their countermeasures are presented. To settle these problems rationally as well as effectively will not only conduce to boost the environmental quality and life quality of cities, but also help to promote the development of regional economy and the realization of sustainable development.

关键词： environmental problems urbanization small towns

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