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A NUMERICAL STUDY ON A SIMPLIFIED TAIL MODEL FOR TURNING FISH IN C-START

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第2期18卷 135-142页

作者： YANG Yan TONG Bing-gang The Laboratory for Biomechanics of Animal Locomotion Graduate University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049 China Department of Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

Most freshwater fish are good at turning manoeuvres. A simulated fish tail model was numerically investigated and discussed in detail. This study deals with unsteady forces and moment exerted on the fish tail-fin in an initial sideways stroke and a subsequent return stroke motion, and visualizes the flow fields and vortex structures, in order to explore the flow control mechanism of the typical turning motion of fish. Further discussion on fluid dynamic consequences corresponding to two different bending forms of fish tail-fins in its C-start is given. The two-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a developed pseudo-compressibility method to simulate the flow around the fish tail-fin. The computed results and the comparison with experiments indicate that （1） fish performs a turning motion of its body using the impulsive moment produced by the to-and-fro stroke, and each stage of the process exhibits its specific hydrodynamic characteristic, （2） fishes adopt two forms of tail-tip bend （single bend and double bend） to accomplish a C-start turning manoeuvre, in dependence of their physical situations and natural environments, （3） fish can control its turning motion by modulating some key kinematic parameters.

关键词： fish swimming turning manoeuvre C-start,tail fin locomotion 2D Navier-Stokes equations CFD physical mechanism optimal control

A Test on Different Types of the Time Curve of Hardness Ratio of Gamma-Ray Bursts based on the Curvature Effect

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2008年第4期8卷 451-464页

作者： Lan-Wei Jia National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory,chinese Academy of sciences,Kunming 650011,china graduate School of chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china National Astronomical Observatories/ Yunnan Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650011 China and graduate School of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

We analyzed a sample of 66 gamma-ray bursts （GRBs） and statistically confirmed the prediction on the time curve of the hardness ratio of GRBs made by Qin et al. based on the curvature effect. In their analysis, GRB pulses are divided into three types according to the shape of their raw hardness ratio （RHR） time curves, defined as to include the background counts to the signal counts, so as to make use of counts within small time intervals. Of the three types, very hard sources exhibit a perfect pulse-like profile （type 1）, hard bursts possess a pulse-like profile with a dip in the decay phase （type 2）, and soft bursts show no pulse-like profile but have only a dipped profile （type 3）. In terms of the conventional hardness ratio, type 3 sources are indeed generally softer than those of type 1 and type 2, in agreement with the prediction. We found that the minimum value of RHR is sensitive in distinguishing the different types. We propose that GRB pulses can be classified according to the minimum value of RHR and that the different type sources may be connected with different strengths of the shock or/and the magnetic field.

关键词： gamma-rays burst -- gamma-rays observations - methods statistical

Valuations on arithmetic surfaces

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Science china Mathematics 2009年第1期52卷 66-76页

作者： XU Ning Department of Mathematics, graduate School of chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Department of Mathematics Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

In this paper, we give the definition of the height of a valuation and the definition of the big field ? p,G , where p is a prime and G ? ? is an additive subgroup containing 1. We conclude that ? p,G is a field and ? p,G is algebraically closed. Based on this the author obtains the complete classification of valuations on arithmetic surfaces. Furthermore, for any m ? p,G n ∈ ?, let V m,n be an ∝-vector space of dimension n - m + 1, whose coordinates are indexed from m to n. We generalize the definition of ? p,G , where p is a prime and G ? V m,n is an additive subgroup containing 1. We also conclude that ? p,G is a field if m ? 0 ? n.

关键词： valuation height rank totally ordered group big field transcendental number 14J10

Evidence-based expert consensus on clinical management of safety of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors(2024)

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chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2024年第3期36卷 240-256页

作者： Zaiwei Song Dan Jiang Lingling Yu Yixuan Chen Daobin Zhou Yue Li Depei Wu Lingli Zhang Liyan Miao Jun Ma Jun Zhu Hongmei Jing Rongsheng Zhao the Steering Committee,the Consensus Panel and the Evidence Synthesis Group Evidence-based Pharmacy Professional Committee of chinese Pharmaceutical Association(CPA) Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of chinese Pharmaceutical Association(CPA) Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of chinese Pharmacological Society(CPS) Expert Committee on Lymphoma of chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) Expert Committee on Leukemia of chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO) Society of Integrative Cardio-Oncology of china Anti-Cancer Association(CACA) chinese Society of Hematology of chinese Medical Association(CMA) Hospital Pharmacy Professional Committee of Cross-Straits Medicine Exchange Association(SMEA) Department of Pharmacy Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China Institute for Drug Evaluation Peking University Health Science CenterBeijing 100191China Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology Center Peking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Pharmacy Administration and Clinical Pharmacy School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Department of Hematology Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100005China Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated HospitalHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001China Department of Hematology the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Department of Pharmacy Evidence-based Pharmacy CenterWest China Second HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Pharmacy the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Department of Hematology and Oncology Harbin Institute of Hematology and OncologyHarbin 150010China Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/beijing) Department of LymphomaPeking University Cancer Hospital&InstituteBeijing 100142China Department of Hematology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China 不详

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase inhibitors(BTKis)have revolutionized the treatment of B-cell ***,safety issues related to the use of BTKis may hinder treatment continuity and further affect clinical efficacy.A comprehensive and systematic expert consensus from a pharmacological perspective is lacking for safety issues associated with BTKi treatment.A multidisciplinary consensus working group was established,comprising 35 members from the fields of hematology,cardiovascular disease,cardio-oncology,clinical pharmacy,and evidencebased *** evidence-based expert consensus was formulated using an evidence-based approach and the Delphi *** Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal(JBI)tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development,and Evaluation(GRADE)approach were used to rate the quality of evidence and grade the strength of recommendations,*** consensus provides practical recommendations for BTKis medication based on nine aspects within three domains,including the management of common adverse drug events such as bleeding,cardiovascular events,and hematological toxicity,as well as the management of drug-drug interactions and guidance for special *** multidisciplinary expert consensus could contribute to promoting a multi-dimensional,comprehensive and standardized management of BTKis.

关键词： Consensus BTK inhibitors safety adverse drug events drug-drug interactions

SiO/CNTs:A new anode composition for lithium-ion battery

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Science china Chemistry 2009年第12期52卷 2047-2050页

作者： REN YuRong1,2,3?,QU MeiZhen1 & YU ZuoLong1 1 Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry,chinese Academy of sciences,Chengdu 610041,china 2 College of Chemistry,Jilin Normal university,Siping 136000,china 3 graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 10003.,china 1. Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 2. College of Chemistry Jilin Normal University Siping 136000 China 3. graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

A new anode composition SiO/CNTs (carbon nanotubes) has been prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirm that CNTs deposit on small SiO particles,form a cage,and enwrap SiO particles tightly. SiO/CNTs anode composition exhibits an initial discharge and charge capacity of 1171 and 789 mAh/g,and maintains a reversible capacity of 500 mAh/g after 80 cycles. The improvement of the cyclic performance for SiO/CNTs composition is related to the maintaining of the electric network during cycling,which benefits from a tight contact between CNTs and SiO particles.

关键词： SiO/CNTs CVD composition anode Li-ion battery

Responses of soil respiration in non-growing seasons to environmental factors in a maize agroecosystem,Northeast china

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2723-2730页

作者： LI RongPing1,2,3, ZHOU GuangSheng1,4 & WANG Yu1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china 2 Institute of Atmospheric Environment, china Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, china 3 graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4 chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological Administration Shenyang 110016 China graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China

Based on continuous three-year measurements (from 2004 to 2007) of eddy covariance and related environmental factors, environmental controls on variation in soil respiration (Rs) during non-growing season were explored in a maize agroecosystem in Northeast china. Our results indicated that during non-growing seasons, daily Rs was 1.08-4.08 g CO2 m-2 d-1, and the lowest occurred in late November. The average Rs of non-growing season was 456.06 ± 20.01 g CO2 m-2, accounting for 11% of the gross primary production (GPP) of the growing season. Additionally, at monthly scale, the lowest value of Rs appeared in January or February. From the beginning to the end of non-growing season, daily Rs tended to decrease first, and then increase to the highest. There was a significant quadratic curve relationship between Rs and soil temperature at 10 cm depth when soil temperature was more than 0°C (P38%-70%. When soil water content was more than 0.1 m3 m-3, soil moisture at 10 cm depth was significantly parabolically correlated with Rs (P3%-79%. Meanwhile, the standard error of regression estimation between the values of prediction and observation for Rs could reach 2.7%-11.8%. Rs in non-growing season can account for 22.4% of Rs in growing season, indicating that it plays a critical role in assessing the carbon budget in maize agroecosystem, Northeast china.

关键词：中国东北地区农田生态系统生长季节土壤呼吸环境因素玉米土壤含水量反应

The boundary of palaearctic and oriental realms in western china

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 833-841页

作者： Ling Chen a,b,c, Yanling Songd,*, Shufang Xu e a Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, chinese Academy of sciences, Xining 810001, china b graduate university of the chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 10003., china c National Science Foundation of china, beijing 100085, china d Institute of Zoology, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100101, china e beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry sciences, beijing 100097, china Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Xining 810001 China graduate university of the chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China National Science Foundation of china Beijing 100085 China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry sciences Beijing 100097 China

In the world-wide zoogeographic division, there has been no consentaneous understanding about the delimitation between palaearctic and oriental realms in western china. In this study, we will discuss the division based on amphibian distribution in Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Tibet according to species coefficient similarity between each zoogeographic province. The results show that the northern border lies from Qinling Mountains–Feng Xian (Shaanxi)–Debu (Gansu)–Aba (Sichuan)–Batang–Bomi (Tibet), to Linzhi districts, and the southern border is from Taibai–Feng Xian in Shaanxi–Wen Xian (Gansu)–Songpan–Kangding–Daocheng (Sichuan), to Zhongdian–Gongshan in Yunnan, and westward to Motuo and Bomi district in Tibet.

关键词： Amphibian Zoogeography Palaearctic Oriental Hengduan Mt.

Inertial theory of the mean Hadley circulation under the condition of nonstatic equilibrium

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第5期49卷 546-553页

作者： CHAO Jiping1 & LIU Fei2,3 1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, beijing 100081, china 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 3. graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081 China 2. Key Laboratory Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China 3. graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Tropical atmosphere is divided into two layers, the layer near the ground is the planet boundary layer, where the motion is linear, if the radiation equilibrium temperature is given at the top of the boundary layer, the vertical motion there can be obtained. It is the non-viscous ideal atmos- pheric layer above the boundary one, where the motion is nonlinear. After getting the conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex, the inertial theory of the Hadley circulation driven by the vertical motion of the boundary layer is established, followed by sev- eral examples of its application.

关键词： Hadley circulation, inertial theory, conservation laws of angular momentum, potential temperature and potential vortex.

Terrestrial transect study on driving mechanism of vegetation changes

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第7期51卷 984-991页

作者： ZHANG YuJin1,2 & ZHOU GuangSheng1 1 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100093, china 2 graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 2. graduate university of chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

In terms of chinese climate-vegetation model based on the classification of plant functional types, to- gether with climatic data from 1951 to 1980 and two future climatic scenarios (SRES-A2 and SRES-B2) in china from the highest and the lowest emission scenarios of greenhouse gases, the distribution patterns of vegetation types and their changes along the Northeast china Transect (NECT) and the North-South Transect of Eastern china (NSTEC) were simulated in order to understand the driving mechanisms of vegetation changes under climatic change. The results indicated that the vegetation distribution patterns would change significantly under future climate, and the major factors driving the vegetation changes were water and heat. However, the responses of various vegetation types to the changes in water and heat factors were obviously different. The vegetation changes were more sensi- tive to heat factors than to water factors. Thus, in the future climate warming will significantly affect vegetation distribution patterns.

关键词： driving mechanism vegetation terrestrial transect climatic change plant functional types