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Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper Palaeolithic in northern china

chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3, SHEN Chen1,2,4 GAO Xing1,2 CHEN FuYou1,2 & WANG ChunXue1,2,3 1Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 2Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100044, china 3graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2C6, Canada Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China The Royal Ontario Museum Toronto Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASOs) were identified from a few Upper Palaeolithic sites in northern china. Its morpho- logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASO has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern china. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were employed. The result suggests that the ASO might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, providing evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern china. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern china.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析

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Effects of Temperature and Water Saturation on CO_2 Production and Nitrogen Mineralization in Alpine Wetland Soils

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Pedosphere 2009年第1期19卷 71-77页

作者： GAO Jun-Qin OUYANG Hua XU Xing-Liang ZHOU Cai-Ping ZHANG Feng beijing Forestry university Beijing 100083 （China） Institute of Geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 （China） graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 （China）

Relationships between carbon (C) production and nitrogen (N) mineralization were investigated in two alpine wetland soils of the Tibetan Plateau using laboratory incubation under different temperatures (5, 15, 25, and 35 ℃) and water saturation (noninundation and inundation). A significant positive relationship was found between CO2 production and N mineralization under increasing temperatures from 5 to 35 ℃ with the same water saturation condition in the marsh soil (r2 > 0.49, P 0.38, P 35 ℃, in the marsh soil (r2 > 0.70, P 0.61, P 3). In conclusion, temperatures and water saturation could regulate the relationship between CO2 production and net N mineralization in the Tibetan alpine marsh and peat soils.

关键词： CO2 production N mineralization temperature water saturation wetland

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An alternative evolution scenario for OAO 1657-415 and IGR J18483-0311

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第S1期53卷 130-134页

作者： LIU QingZhong1,2,LI Hui1,3 & YAN JingZhi1,2 1 Purple Mountain Observatory,chinese academy of sciences,Nanjing 210008,china 2 Service d’Astrophysique,CEA Saclay and university Paris Diderot,91191 Gif-sur-Yvette,France 3 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing China Service d’Astrophysique CEA Saclay and University Paris Diderot Gif-sur-Yvette France graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The relation between the spin period and the orbital period in high-mass X-ray binaries is ***/X-ray binaries and SG/X-ray binaries occupy different areas in Corbet's *** two SG/X-ray binaries,IGR J18483-0311 and OAO 1657-415,however,appear to occupy a transition region between Be/X-ray binaries and wind-fed SG/X-ray *** can be understood by noting that the neutron stars in the two SG/X-ray binaries have not reached their equilibrium spin periods when the donors evolved off the main ***,we provide an alternative scenario to explain their location in Corbet's diagram:the SG/X-ray binaries are the descendants of Be/X-ray binaries,*** supergiants in these systems were formed from O-type emission line stars instead of normal main-sequence ***,we suggest that there are two types of SG/X-ray binaries:one is directly evolved from a normal OB-type main sequence and neutron star system without an X-ray history,and the other evolved from a Be/X-ray binary with an X-ray history.

关键词： high-mass X-ray binary pulsar Corbet’s diagram stellar evolution

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Indian monsoon influences altitude effect of δ^(18)O in precipitation/river water on the Tibetan Plateau

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chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第15期54卷 2724-2731页

作者： YAO TanDong1,2, ZHOU Hang1,3 & YANG XiaoXin1,3 1 Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100085, china 2 State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere sciences, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, chinese academy of sciences, Lanzhou 730000, china 3 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

The δ 18O variation in precipitation acquired from 28 stations within the network of Tibetan Observation and Research Platform(TORP)is studied, with the focus on the altitude effect of δ 18O in river water during monsoon precipitation in an effort to understand the monsoon influence on isotopic composition in annual river water. It is found that δ 18O in precipitation on the Plateau is influenced by different moisture sources, with significant Indian monsoon influence on δ 18O composition in plateau precipitation and river water. The δ 18O of water bodies in the monsoon domain is generally more depleted than that in the westerly domain, suggesting gradual rainout of southwesterly borne marine moisture in the course of long-distance transportation and lifting over the Himalayas. The lapse rate of δ 18O in river water with altitude is the largest during monsoon precipitation, due to the increased temperature vertical gradient over the southern Plateau region controlled by monsoon circulation. The combination of δ 18O in river water in monsoon (wet) and non-monsoon (dry) seasons shows a larger lapse rate than that in non-monsoon (dry) season alone. As the altitude effect of δ 18O in precipitation and river water on the Tibetan Plateau results from the combined effect of monsoon moisture supply and westerly moisture supply, the δ 18O composition and its altitude effect on the Plateau during monsoon seasons should be considered in the reconstruction of paleoelevation of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词：印度季风青藏高原降水

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GIS-based risk analysis of debris flow:an application in Sichuan, southwest china

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2008年第2期23卷 138-148页

作者： B.F.DI1,2,3,N.S.CHEN1,P.CUI1,Z.L.LI1,Y.P.HE4,and Y.C.GAO1 3 1 Ph.D.,Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,CAS,Chengdu 610041,china,Department of Architecture & Environment,Sichuan university,Chengdu 610065,china,graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china,2 Prof.,Department of Architecture & Environment,Sichuan university,Chengdu 610065,china,3 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 4 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,San Diego State university,5500 Campanile Dr.San Diego,CA 92121,USA Ph.D. Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment CAS Chengdu 610041 China Department of Architecture & Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Prof. Department of Architecture & Environment Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering San Diego State University 5500 Campanile Dr. San Diego CA 92121 USA

Debris flow is a serious geologic hazard in *** is estimated that nationally debris flows cause up to 2 billion RMB(250 million US$) in damages and 300-600 deaths and injuries *** mitigate debris flow hazards,it is necessary to map,model,and identify zones of debris flow hazards and vulnerability as to inform the local people about the potential risk with a geographic information *** research presents a regional scale case study modeling debris flow risk(hazard and vulnerability) in Sichuan Province,Southwestern *** this area,3,290 debris flows have been identified and the spatial-temporal distribution and activity characteristics of them have been *** on the available meteorological data,a Digital Elevation Model with the rate of 1:250,000 and a regional geological map,the 24-hr rainfall threshold(y) for debris flow occurrence is closely related(significant at 99% confidence level) to the index(x) defined using a geology factor(rock hardness:a) and a topographical factor(channel gradient:d) where y = 21 + 10200 / x,in which x = 2.7 × ea + 1000 × *** discipline is constructive in developing the rainfall threshold for debris flow activity in remote mountainous areas that lack *** a given watershed,a four-level debris flow hazard map is developed by comparing the rainfall threshold to the design rainfall intensities with 50-,20-,and 5-year average recurrence intervals,*** degree of debris flow vulnerability is determined by the watershed socio-economic conditions.A four-class debris flow risk map,at the final phase of the research,is generated by combining debris flow hazards and *** the debris flow risk assessment,the Sichuan Province is classified into the slight,moderate,severe and very severe regions,which accounts for 36%,19%,20% and 25% of total area respectively.

关键词： Debris flow Geographic information system Hazard Vulnerability Risk Rainfall threshold

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Analytical method of radiation by a wave energy device with dual rectangular floating bodies

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第3期29卷 106-115页

作者： WANG Wensheng YOU Yage ZHANG Yunqiu WU Bijun YE Yin Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy and Gas Hydrate Chinese Academy Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China graduate university Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The system with one floating rectangular body on the free surface and one submerged rectangular body has been applied to a wave energy conversion device in water of finite depth. The radiation problem by this device on a plane incident wave is solved by the use of an eigenfunction expansion method, and a new analytical expression for the radiation velocity potential is obtained. The wave excitation force is calculated via the known incident wave potential and the radiation potential with a theorem of Haskind employed. To verify the correctness of this method, an example is computed respectively through the bound element method and analytical method. Results show that two numerical methods. are in good agreement, which shows that the present method is applicable. In addition, the trends of hydrodynamic coefficients and wave force are analyzed under different conditions by use of the present analytical method.

关键词： wave energy device hydrodynamic coefficients wave force analytical method

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Recombinant expression of rt-PA gene (encoding Reteplase) in gametophytes of the seaweed Laminaria japonica (Laminariales,Phaeophyta)

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Science china(Life sciences) 2008年第12期51卷 1116-1120页

作者： ZHANG YiChen1,2, JIANG Peng1, GAO JiangTao1,3, LIAO JianMin4, SUN ShiJing4, SHEN ZiLong4 & QIN Song1, 1 Institute of Oceanology, chinese academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, china 2 College of Chemistry and Life Science, Tianjin Normal university, Tianjin 300387, china 3 graduate university of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 4 Biotechnology Center, china Pharmaceutical university, Nanjing 210009, china Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China College of Chemistry and Life Science Tianjin Normal University Tianjin China graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Biotechnology Center China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing China

The life cycle of seaweed Laminaria japonica involves a generation alternation between diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophte. The expression of foreign genes in sporophte has been proved. In this research, the recombinant expression in gametophyte was investigated by particle bombardment with the rt-PA gene encoding the recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator (Reteplase), which is a thrombolytic agent for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Transgenic gametophytes were selected by their resistance to herbicide phosphiothricin (PPT), and proliferated in an established bubble column photo-bioreactor. According to the results from quantitative ELISA, Southern blotting, and fibrin agarose plate assay (FAPA) for bioactivity, it was showed that the rt-PA gene had been inte-grated into the genome of gametophytes of L. japonica, and the expression product showed the ex-pected bioactivity, implying the proper post-transcript modification in haploid gametophyte.

关键词： Laminaria japonica gametophyte genetic engineering Reteplase rt-PA bioreactor

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Chlorite cement and its effect on the reservoir quality of sandstones from the Panyu low-uplift,Pearl River Mouth Basin

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Petroleum Science 2011年第2期8卷 143-150页

作者： Chen Guojun Du Guichao Zhang Gongcheng Wang Qi Lv Chengfu Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China CNOOC Research Center Beijing 100027 China graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Based on porosity and permeability measurements, mercury porosimetry measurements, thin section analyses, SEM observations, X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis and granulometric analyses, diagenetic features of reservoir sandstones taken from the Zhuhai formation in the Panyu low-uplift of the Pear River Mouth Basin were examined. This study shows that chlorite cements are one of the most important diagenetic features of reservoir sandstones. The precipitation of chlorite was controlled by multiple factors and its development occurred early in eo-diagenesis and continued till Stage A of middle diagenesis. The precipitation of chlorite at the early stage was mainly affected by the sedimentary environment and provenance. Abundant Fe- and Mg-rich materials were supplied during the deposition of distributary channel sediments in the deltaic front setting and mainly in alkaline conditions. With the burial depth increasing, smectite and kaolinite tended to be transformed into chlorite. Smectite cements were completely transformed into chlorite in sandstones of the studied area. Volcanic lithics rich in Fe and Mg materials were dissolved and released Fe2＋ and Mg 2＋ into the pore water. These cations precipitated as chlorite cements in middle diagenesis in an alkaline diagenetic environment. Chlorite coatings acted as porosity and permeability, thus helping preserve cements in the chlorite cemented sandstones. The reservoir quality of chlorite cemented sandstones is much better than sandstones without chlorite cements. Chlorite cements play an important role in the reservoir evolution that was mainly characterized by preserving intergranular porosity and forming better pore-throat structures of sandstones.

关键词： Chlorite cement diagenesis reservoir quality Panyu low-uplift Pearl River Mouth Basin

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Multi-epoch X-ray observations of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy SDSS J160508.87+323921.4 with XMM-Newton

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第S1期53卷 207-211页

作者： AI YanLi1,2,3,YUAN WeiMin1,2,ZHOU HongYan4,5 & WANG JianGuo1,2,3 1 National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650011,china 2 Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects,chinese academy of sciences,Kunming 650011,china 3 graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 4 Center for Astrophysics,university of Science and Technology of china,Hefei 230026,china 5 Joint Institute of Galaxies and Cosmology,SHAO and USTC,Shanghai 200030,china National Astronomical Observatories/Yunnan Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming China graduate university of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing China Center for Astrophysics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China Joint Institute of Galaxies and Cosmology SHAO and USTC Shanghai China

We present results of multi-epoch XMM-Newton observations separated by several years of the narrow-line Seyfert 1(NLS1) galaxy,SDSS J160508.87+*** NLS1 showed X-ray flux variations on timescales of years as well as low amplitude variations on timescales as short as hours,while the X-ray spectral shape remained essentially *** spectrum shows a significant soft X-ray *** model of reflection from an ionized disc,that is dominant in the whole XMM-Newton bandpass,provides the best description of the observed spectra for all the observations,though alternatives such as Compton scattering(T-0.25 keV) cannot be ruled out in a statistical *** the disc reflection model,the observed variations may originate either from the change in the reflection fraction,or from the variability of the intrinsic X-ray luminosity.

关键词： galaxies:active Seyfert X-rays individual

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Freshening of the intermediate water of the South china Sea between the 1960s and the 1980s

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chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2012年第6期30卷 1010-1015页

作者：刘长建王东晓陈举杜岩谢强 State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences South china Sea Marine Engineering Surveying Center State Oceanic Administration graduate university of chinese academy of sciences Sanya Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Variation in intermediate water salinity in the South china Sea (SCS) between the 1960s and 1980s was studied using historical hydrographic data. The results demonstrate that the water was significantly fresher in the 1980s than in the 1960s, indicating that vertical mixing at intermediate water depth was reduced in the 1980s. This was partially because of the change of the SCS meridional overturning circulation (MOC) connecting local intermediate water with deep water. Data assimilation showed a 0.5Sv (1 Sv=10 6m 3/s) reduction in the strength of the MOC, which is about one third of the mean SCS MOC. Because the SCS MOC is linked to the Pacific Ocean, such an interdecadal variation in the intermediate water SCS may reflect anthropogenic climate change in the world ocean.

关键词： decadal variability intermediate water meridional overturning circulation South china Sea (SCS)

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