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Endothelin-1 induces intracellular [Ca^(2+)] increase via Ca^(2+) influx through the L-type Ca^(2+) channel, Ca^(2+)-induced Ca^(2+) release and a pathway involving ET_A receptors, PKC, PKA and AT1 receptors in cardiomyocytes

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Science China(Life sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 360-370页

作者： ZENG QingHua1, LI XingTing1, ZHONG GuoGan2, ZHANG WenJie2 & SUN ChengWen3 1 Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, School of Life sciences, northeast Normal university, Changchun 130024, China 2 department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Jilin university, Changchun 130021, China 3 department of pharmaceutical sciences, north dakota state university, fargo, northdakota, usa Laboratory of Molecular & Cellular Physiology School of Life Sciences Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China department of Physiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130021 China department of pharmaceutical sciences North Dakota State University Fargo NorthDakota USA

Using fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester (AM) fluorescence imaging and patch clamp techniques, we found that endothelin-1 (ET-1) significantly elevated the intracellular calcium level ([Ca2+]i) in a dose-dependent manner and activated the L-type Ca2+ channel in cardiomyocytes isolated from rats. The effect of ET-1 on [Ca2+]i elevation was abolished in the presence of the ETA receptor blocker BQ123, but was not affected by the ETB receptor blocker BQ788. ET-1-induced an increase in [Ca2+]i, which was inhibited 46.7% by pretreatment with a high concentration of ryanodine (10 μmol/L), a blocker of the ryanodine receptor. The ET-1-induced [Ca2+]i increase was also inhibited by the inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC) and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1 receptor). We found that ET-1 induced an enhancement of the amplitude of the whole cell L-type Ca2+ channel current and an increase of open-state probability (NPo) of an L-type single Ca2+ channel. BQ123 completely blocked the ET-1-induced increase in calcium channel open-state probability. In this study we demonstrated that ET-1 regulates calcium overload through a series of mechanisms that include L-type Ca2+ channel activation and Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). ETA receptors, PKC, PKA and AT1 receptors may also contribute to this pathway.

关键词： endothelin-1(ET-1) cardiomyocytes intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) L-type Ca2+ channel current (ICaL) Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) ETA receptors PKC PKA AT1 receptors

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Soil Water Hysteresis at Low Potential

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 436-444页

作者： L.PRUNTY J.BELL department of Soil Science north dakota state university FargoND 58105 (USA)

Knowledge of the soil water characteristic curve is fundamental for understanding unsaturated *** objective of this work was to find scanning hysteresis loops of two fine textured soils at water potentials below wilting *** was done by equilibration over NaCl solutions with water potentials of-6.6 to-18.8 MPa at 25℃.When cycled repeatedly through a series of potentials in the range noted previously both soils exhibited a hysteresis *** experimental differences in water content between the drying and wetting soils at the same water potential were much too large to be accounted for by failure to allow sufficient time to attain equilibrium as predicted by the exponential decay *** wetting versus drying differences were relatively small,however,at only 4 mg g-1 or less in absolute terms and about 3% of the mean of wetting and drying,in relative *** should be a consideration when modeling biological and physical soil processes at water contents below the wilting point,where small differences in water content result in large potential energy changes.

关键词： adsorption dry soil equilibration matric potential soil water characteristic

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A PARALLEL ITERATIVE DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION ALGORITHM FOR ELLIPTIC PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 1998年第2期16卷 141-151页

作者： Dao-qi Yang (department of Mathematics, Wayne state university, Detroit, MI 48202, usa) Wayne state Univ Dept Math Detroit MI 48202 USA

An iterative nonoverlapping domain decomposition procedure is proposed and analyzed for linear elliptic problems. At the interface of two subdomains, one subdomain problem requires that Dirichlet data be passed to it from the previous iteration level, while the other subdomain problem requires that Neumann data be passed to it. This procedure is suitable for parallel processing. A convergence analysis is established. Standard and mixed finite element methods are employed to give discrete versions of this domain decomposition algorithm. Numerical experiments arc conducted to show the effectiveness of the method.

关键词： Domain decomposition methods finite element methods parallel computing

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MINIMIZING A LINEAR FRACTIONAL FUNCTION SUBJECT TO A SYSTEM OF SUP-T EQUATIONS WITH A CONTINUOUS ARCHIMEDEAN TRIANGULAR NORM

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第1期22卷 49-62页

作者： Pingke LI Edward P.Fitts department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,north Carolina state university,Raleigh,NC 27695-7906,US Shu-Cherng FANG Edward P.Fitts department of Industrial and Systems Engineering,north Carolina state university,Raleigh,NC 27695-7906,usa department of Mathematical sciences,Tsinghua university,Beijing 100084,China College of Management,Dalian university of Technology,Dalian 116024,China. department of Industrial and Systems Engineering North Carolina State University

This paper shows that the problem of minimizing a linear fractional function subject to asystem of sup-T equations with a continuous Archimedean triangular norm T can be reduced to a 0-1linear fractional optimization problem in polynomial ***,parametrization techniques,e.g.,Dinkelbach's algorithm,can be applied by solving a classical set covering problem in each *** reduction can also be performed on the sup-T equation constrained optimization problems withan objective function being monotone in each variable *** method could be extended aswell to the case in which the triangular norm is non-Archimedean.

关键词： Fractional optimization fuzzy relational equations triangular norms.

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Gene silencing:Double-stranded RNA mediated mRNA degradation and gene inactivation

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Cell Research 2001年第3期11卷 181-186页

作者： TANG WEI, XIAO YAN LUO, VANESSA SANMUELS north Carolina state university, Forest Biotechnology Groap, Raleigh, NC 27695, usa university of north Carolina, department of Cell and Developmental Biology, ChaPel Hill, NC 27599, usa north Carolina state university Forest Biotechnology Group Raleigh NC 27695 USA university of north Carolina Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA

The recent development of gene transfer approaches in plants and animals has revealed that transgene can undergo silencing after integration in the genome. Host genes can also be silenced as a consequence of the presence of a homologous transgene. More and more investigations have demonstrated that double- stranded RNA can silence genes by triggering degradation of homologous RNA in the cytoplasm and by directing methylation of homologous nuclear DNA sequences. Analyses of Arabidopsis mutants and plant viral suppressors of silencing are unraveling RNA-silencing mechanisms and are assessing the role of methy- lation in transcriptional and posttranscriptional gene silencing. This review will focus on double-stranded RNA mediated mRNA degradation and gene inactivation in plants.

关键词： Gene silencing double-stranded RNA methylation homologous RNA transgene.

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Polynomials,Higher Order Sobolev Extension Theorems and Interpolation Inequalities on Weighted Folland-Stein Spaces on Stratified Groups

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2000年第3期16卷 405-444页

作者： Guozhen Lu department of Mathematics,Wayne state university,Detroit,MI 48202,usa department of Mathematics Wayne State University Detroit USA

This paper consists of three main *** of them is to develop local and global Sobolev interpolation inequalities of any higher order for the nonisotropic Sobolev spaces on stratified nilpotent Lie *** the extensive research after Jerison’s work[3]on Poincaré-type inequalities for Hrmander’s vector fields over the years,our results given here even in the nonweighted case appear to be *** interpolation inequalities have crucial applications to subelliptic or parabolic PDE’s involving vector *** main tools to prove such inequalities are approximating the Sobolev func- tions by polynomials associated with the left invariant vector fields on *** very useful properties for polynomials associated with the functions are given here and they appear to have independent interests in their own *** the existence of such polynomials is the second main part of this *** results of these two parts have been announced in the author’s paper in Mathematical Research Letters[38]. The third main part of this paper contains extension theorems on anisotropic Sobolev spaces on stratified groups and their applications to proving Sobolev interpolation inequalities on(εδ)domains. Some results of weighted Sobolev spaces are also given *** construct a linear extension operator which is bounded on different Sobolev spaces *** particular,we are able to construct a bounded linear extension operator such that the derivatives of the extended function can be controlled by the same order of derivatives of the given Sobolev *** are stated and proved for weighted anisotropic Sobolev spaces on stratified groups.

关键词： Poincaré inequalities Extension theorems Interpolation inequalities Anisotropic Sobolev spaces A_p weights (ε,δ)domains Vector fields Polynomials on stratified groups

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A Genome-wide Functional Characterization of Arabidopsis Regulatory Calcium Sensors in Pollen Tubes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第8期51卷 751-761页

作者： Liming Zhou1,2, Ying Fu1,2 and Zhenbiao Yang2,3 (1state Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, department of Plant sciences, College of Biological sciences, China Agricultural university, Beijing 100193, China 2China Agricultural university (CAU)-university of California, Riverside (UCR) Joint Center for Biological sciences and Biotechnology, College of Biological sciences, China Agricultural university, Beijing 100193, China 3Center for Plant Cell Biology and department of Botany and Plant sciences, university of California, Riverside, CA 92521, usa) ( state Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Plant Sciences College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China China Agricultural university (CAU)-university of California Riverside (UCR) Joint Center for Biological Sciences and Biotechnology College of Biological Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China Center for Plant Cell Biology and department of Botany and Plant sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA)

Calcium, an ubiquitous second messenger, plays an essential and versatile role in cellular signaling. The diverse function of calcium signals is achieved by an excess of calcium sensors. Plants possess large numbers of calcium sensors, most of which have not been functionally characterized. To identify physiologically relevant calcium sensors in a specific cell type, we conducted a genome-wide functional survey in pollen tubes, for which spatiotemporal calcium signals are well-characterized and required for polarized tip growth. *** members of calrnodulin （CAM）, CaM-like （CML）, calcium-dependent protein kinase （CDPK） and calcineurin B-like protein （CBL） families were tagged with green fluorescence protein （GFP） and their localization patterns and overexpression phenotypes were characterized in tobacco pollen tubes. We found that several fusion proteins showed distinct overexpression phenotypes and subcellular localization patterns. CDPK24-GFP was localized to the vegetative nucleus and the generative cell/sperms. CDPK32-GFP caused severe growth depolarization. CBL2-GFP and CBL3-GFP exhibited dynamic patterns of subcellular localization, including several endomembrane compartments, the apical plasma membrane （PM）, and cytoskeleton-like structures in pollen tubes. Their overexpression also inhibited pollen tube elongation and induced growth depolarization. These putative calcium sensors are excellent candidates for the calcium sensors responsible for the regulation of calcium homeostasis and calciumdependent tip growth and growth oscillation in pollen tubes.

关键词： Arabidopsis calcium sensor calcium signaling Rho-related GTPase from plants subcellular localization tip growth

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Occupation Measures of Singularly Perturbed Markov Chains with Absorbing states

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2000年第1期16卷 161-180页

作者： G.Yin~(1)) department of Mathematics,Wayne state university,Detroit,MI 48202,usaQ.Zhang~(2)) department of Mathematics,university of Georgia,Athens,GA 30602,usaG.Badowski~(3)) department of Mathematics,Wayne state university,Detroit,MI 48202,usa department of Mathematics Wayne State University Detroit MI 48202 USA department of Mathematics University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

This paper develops asymptotic properties of singularly perturbed Markov chains with inclusion of absorbing *** focuses on both unscaled and scaled occupation *** mild conditions,a mean-square estimate is *** averaging the fast components,we obtain an aggregated *** the aggregated process itself may be non-Markovian,its weak limit is a Markov chain with much smaller state ***,a suitably scaled sequence consisting of a component of scaled occupation measures and a component of the aggregated process is shown to converge to a pair of processes with a switching diffusion component.

关键词： Singularly perturbed Markov chain Occupation measure Aggregation Absorbing state Weak convergence Switching diffusion

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Aggregation and assembly of crescent foldamers

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第1期53卷 45-51页

作者： GONG Bing department of Chemistry,university at Buffalo,The state university of New York,Buffalo,New York 14260,usa 1. department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260 USA

Recent studies have started to provide initial insights into the aggregation and assembly of two classes of back-rigidified foldamers with flat,curved backbones consisting of aromatic *** their persistent shape that presents large,well-defined aromatic surface areas,these crescent foldamers were found to undergo size-dependent aggregation in solution and pack into 1D assemblies in the solid *** aromatic oligoamides undergo stacking interactions not only in polar solvents but also in nonpolar ones,a unique property that is not associated with many other molecules that associate via π-π stacking *** stacking of oligo(m-phenylene ethynylenes) is similar to aromatic hydrocarbons,being promoted in polar solvents such as methanol while being discouraged in nonpolar solvents such as *** ready synthetic availability of crescent foldamers makes it possible to directly control the intermolecular interaction by tuning surface ***,the columnar assembly of these cavity-containing molecules provides a new strategy for constructing supramolecular nanotubular structures.

关键词： foldamer folding hydrogen bond π-π stacking aggregation assembly

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Characteristics of climate change in the “significant impact zone” affected by aerosols over eastern China in warm seasons

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Science China Earth sciences 2008年第5期51卷 730-739页

作者： SHI XiaoHui1, XU XiangDe1, XIE LiAn2 1 state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2 department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric sciences, north Carolina state university, Raleigh NC27695-8208, usa state Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China department of Marine Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-8208 USA

Through analysis of the distribution pattern and changing characteristics of atmospheric aerosols over the East Asia region during warm seasons in recent 20 a and beyond as well as their possible interac- tive relationship with a variety of meteorological elements, it is found that the high-value zone of aerosol optical depth derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS), its significant negative correlation zones in terms of sunshine duration (SD) and surface air temperature (SAT) and its significant positive correlation zones with low-level cloud amount (LCC) are co-located in the South China region during warm periods. Based on this finding, the region is referred to as a "significant impact zone" (SI zone) affected by aerosols. Then, a comparative analysis is made on variation differ- ences of observed SAT, SD and LCC, etc. in different regions. It is also found that the LCC is increased and the SD is decreased within the "SI zone" over eastern China during the warm season. These characteristics are more evident than those beyond the zone, while the warming trend within the zone is evidently weaker than that outside it. Studies show that since recent 20 a, under the influence of aerosols, the LCC tend to increase substantially with a clear decrease of SD and an unnoticeable warming trend within the "SI zone". Comparing with the climate change beyond the zone, the difference is significant. Therefore, the effects of atmospheric aerosols on climate is possibly one of the contri- butions to the difference of climate change existed between the southern and northern parts of the Eastern China during a warm season.

关键词： warm season significant impact zone of aerosols climate change

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