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Climate change tendency and grassland vegetation response during the growth season in Three-River Source Region

Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1506-1512页

作者： QIAN Shuan1,FU Yang2 & PAN FeiFei3 1 National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China 2 Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute,Xining 810001,China 3 department of geography,university of north texas,denton,tx 76203,usa National Meteorological Center Beijing China Qinghai Meteorological Research Institute Xining China department of geography University of North Texas Denton USA

Climate change,climate suitablity change for grassland vegetation,and grassland response to climate change during the growth season are studied systematically by using meteorological data of temperature,precipitation,and length of sunlight from 1961 to 2007,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI from 1982 to 2006,and observations of grass height,biomass,and coverage in enclosed grassland from 1994 to *** models are developed to evaluate climate change and the climatic suitability of grassland vegetation *** temperature,accumulative precipitation,and length of sunlight during the growth season increased from 1961 to 2007 at rates of 0.24°C/10 yr,2.32 mm/10 yr,and 2.81 h/10 yr,*** increase rates of ave-rage temperature between April and May,and between June and August are 0.17 and 0.30°C/10 yr;accumulative rainfall between April and May increased at a rate of 2.80 mm/10 yr,and accumulative rainfall between June and August decreased at a rate of 0.38 mm/10 yr;the increase rates of accumulative length of sunlight between April and May,and between June and August are 2.15 and 1.2 h/10 *** climatic suitability of grassland vegetation growth showed an increasing trend,and the increase rate between April and May is greater than that between June and *** NDVI observations from 1982 to 2006 and measurements of grass height,dry biomass,and coverage from 1994 to 2006 show that the climate change has resulted in an increase in plant productivity of the grassland in Three-River Source *** some protection measures are taken as soon as possible,the deteriorated grassland in Three-River Source Region can recover.

关键词： climate change climate suitability change grassland vegetation Three-River Source Region

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AN INTERIOR TRUST REGION ALGORITHM FOR NONLINEAR MINIMIZATION WITH LINEAR CONSTRAINTS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2002年第3期20卷 225-244页

作者： Jian-guo Liu (department of Mathematics, university of north texas, denton, tx 76203, usa) department of Mathematics University of North Texas 美国 Denton

Presents information on a study which analyzed an interior trust-region-based algorithm for linearly constrained minimization problems. Optimality conditions for the linearly constrained minimization problem presented; Vectors for each updating step in the algorithm proposed; Establishment of the convergence properties of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Nonlinear programming Linear constraints Trust region algorithms Newton methods Interior algorithms Quadratic convergence

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Oligo(ethylene glycol)-terminated monolayers on silicon surfaces and their nanopatterning with a conductive atomic force microscope

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第1期53卷 36-44页

作者： QIN GuoTing & CAI ChengZhi department of Chemistry,university of Houston,Houston,texas 77204,usa department of Chemistry University of Houston Houston USA

Functionalization of silicon substrate surfaces with a stable monolayer for resisting non-specific adsorption of proteins has attracted great interest,since it is directly relevant to the development of miniature,silicon-based biosensors and implantable microdevices,such as silicon-neuron *** brief review summarizes our contribution to the development of robust monolayers grown by surface hydrosilylation on atomically flat,hydrogen-terminated silicon *** review also outlines our strategy and progress on the fabrication of single molecule patterns on such monolayer platforms.

关键词： protein-resistant monolayers surface hydrosilylation conductive atomic force microscope nanopatterning

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RUTHENIUM-TPPTS CATALYZED REDUCTlON OF NITROBENZENE TO ANILINE——A HIGHLY SELECTIVE WATER-SOLUBLE CATALYST SYSTEM

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 1995年第4期 393-400页

作者： XIA Chun-GuState Key Laboratory for OSSOLanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics. Academia SinicaLanzhou 730000RICHMOND Michael G. Center for Organometallic Research and Education department of Chemistry, university of north texas denton, tx 76203 usa

The ruther ium catalvst complex formed from RuCl·3HO andthe water-soluble ligand tris-（sodium m-sulfophenyl）phosphine, TPPTS, hasbeen examined as a catalyst for the reduction of nitrobenzene to anilineunder water gas shift conditions. The reactions, which were conducted inaqueous methanol. were studied as a function of CO pressure and addedamine base The major product observed over the temperature range of100～150℃ was aniline （>90% yield abovc 130℃ ）, with only minor amountsof the corresponding carbamate PhNHCOMe（3%） and formanilide（<4%）being observed. Of the several amine bases examined in this reaction, EtNhas been found to be superior in promoting the fastest rate of nitrobenzenereduction. Replacement of methanol by either THF or xylenes led to a drastic retardation in the amount of aniline produced.

关键词： water-soluble calalvst reduction nitrobenzene

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Oncogenesis of RON receptor tyrosine kinase:a molecular target for malignant epithelial cancers

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第6期27卷 641-650页

作者： Ming-hai WANG~(2,3,4)Hang-ping YAO~2 Yong-qing ZHOU~2 2 Laboratory of Chang-Kung Scholars Program for Tumor Biology,First Affiliated Hospital,Zhejiang university School of Medicine,Hangzhou 310003.China 3 Cancer Biology Center and department of Pharmaceutical Sciences,texas Tech university Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy,Amarillo,tx 79106,usa Laboratory of Chang-Kung Scholars Program for Tumor Biology First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou China Cancer Biology Center and department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy Amarillo USA

Recepteur d’origine nantais(RON)belongs to a subfamily of receptor tyrosinekinases(RTK)with unique expression patterns and biological *** isactivated by a serum-derived growth factor macrophage stimulating protein(MSP).The RON gene transcription is essential for embryonic development and critical inregulating certain physiological *** studies have indicated thataltered RON expression contributes significantly to cancer progression *** primary tumors,such as colon and breast cancers,overexpressionof RON exists in large numbers and is often accompanied by the generation ofdifferent splicing *** RON variants direct a unique program thatcontrols cell transformation,growth,migration,and invasion,indicating that al-tered RON expression has the ability to regulate motile/invasive *** activities were also seen in transgenic mice,in which targeted expression ofRON in lung epithelial cells resulted in numerous tumors with pathological fea-tures of human bronchioloalveolar ***,abnormal RON activation isa pathogenic factor that transduces oncogenic signals leading to uncontrolledcell growth and subsequent malignant *** these facts,RON and its variants can be considered as potential targets for *** using small interfering RNA and neutralizing mono-clonal antibodies demonstrated that suppressing RON expression and activationdecreases cancer cell proliferation,increases apoptotic death,prevents tumorformation in nude mice,and reduces malignant ***,blocking RONexpression and activation has clinical significance in reversing malignant pheno-types and controlling tumor growth.

关键词： growth factor receptor signal transduction tumorigenesis monoclonal antibody small molecule inhibitor therapeutics

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Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction in the Lifecycle of ENSO:The Coupled Wave Oscillator

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2009年第6期30卷 715-728页

作者： Jialin LIN Dedicated to Professor Andrew Majda on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday

To explain the oscillatory nature of E1 Nino/Southern Oscillation （ENSO）, many ENSO theories emphasize the free oceanic equatorial waves propagating/reflecting within the Pacific Ocean, or the discharge/recharge of Pacific-basin-averaged ocean heat content. ENSO signals in the Indian and Atlantic oceans are often considered as remote response to the Pacific SST anomaly through atmospheric teleconnections. This study investigates the ENSO life cycle near the equator using long-term observational datasets. Space-time spectral analysis is used to identify and isolate the dominant interannual oceanic and atmospheric wave modes associated with ENSO. Nino3 SST anomaly is utilized as the ENSO index, and lag-correlation/regression are used to construct the composite ENSO life cycle. The propagation, structure and feedback mechanisms of the dominant wave modes are studied in detail. The results show that the dominant oceanic equatorial wave modes associated with ENSO are not free waves, but are two ocean-atmosphere coupled waves including a coupled Kelvin wave and waves are not confined only to the Pacific a coupled equatorial Rossby （ER） wave. These Ocean, but are of planetary scale with zonal wavenumbers 1-2, and propagate all the way around the equator in more than three years, leading to the longer than 3-year period of ENSO. When passing the continents, they become uncoupled atmospheric waves. The coupled Kelvin wave has larger variance than the coupled ER wave, making the total signals dominated by eastward propagation. Surface zonal wind stress （x） acts to slow down the waves. The two coupled waves interact with each other through boundary reflection and superposition, and they also interact with an off-equatorial Rossby wave in north Pacific along 15N through boundary reflection and wind stress forcing. The precipitation anomalies of the two coupled waves meet in the eastern Pacific shortly after the SST maximum of ENSO and excite a dry atmospheric Kelvin wave which

关键词： ENSO Ocean-atmosphere interaction Equatorial waves

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A PROBABILISTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A FAULT-TOLERANT GOSSIPING ALGORITHM

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2009年第1期22卷 88-108页

作者： Paul PARKER department of Computer Science University of Texas at San Antonio One UTSA Circle

Gossiping is a popular technique for probabilistic reliable multicast （or broadcast）. However, it is often difficult to understand the behavior of gossiping algorithms in an analytic fashion. Indeed, existing analyses of gossip algorithms are either based on simulation or based on ideas borrowed from epidemic models while inheriting some features that do not seem to be appropriate for the setting of gossiping. On one hand, in epidemic spreading, an infected node typically intends to spread the infection an unbounded number of times （or rounds）; whereas in gossiping, an infected node （i.e., a node having received the message in question） may prefer to gossip the message a bounded number of times. On the other hand, the often assumed homogeneity in epidemic spreading models （especially that every node has equal contact to everyone else in the population） has been silently inherited in the gossiping literature, meaning that an expensive mcnlbership protocol is often needed for maintaining nodes＇ views. Motivated by these observations, the authors present a characterization of a popular class of fault-tolerant gossip schemes （known as ＂push-based gossiping＂） based on a novel probabilistic model, while taking the afore-mentioned factors into consideration.

关键词： Fault-tolerance gossip probabilistic broadcast reliable multicast.

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Rational holomorphic maps from B^2 into B^N with degree 2

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Science China Mathematics 2006年第11期49卷 1504-1522页

作者： CHEN Zhihua, Jl Shanyu & XU Dekang department of Mathematics, Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, China department of Mathematics, university of Houston, Houston, tx 77204, usa department of Mathematics Tongji University Shanghai China department of Mathematics University of Houston Houston USA

Rational proper holomorphic maps from the unit ball in C2 into the unit ball CN with degree 2 are studied. Any such map must be equivalent to one of the four types of maps.

关键词： rational holomorphic maps between balls.

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Study on sea water intrusion into palaeochannels on south coastal plain of the Laizhou Bay by the Bohai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2003年第1期22卷 69-74页

作者： Han Mei geography department, Shandong Normal university, Jinan 250014, China geography department Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 China

The palaeochannel evolution in the study region is divided into four stages by such methods as 14C dating. Sea water intrusion through palaeochannels has been studied as a focal point. Palaeochannels are the main passageways through which the sea water intrudes at a higher speed, through many means and in a changeable dynamic state.

关键词： Palaeochannel sea water intrusion south coastal plain of Laizhou Bay

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THE BENCHMARK LAND PRICE SYSTEM AND URBANLAND USE EFFICIENCY IN CHINA

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Chinese Geographical Science 2001年第4期11卷 20-28页

作者： DING Cheng-ri(department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, texas A &M university, Mail Stop 3137College Station, tx, 77843, usa) department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A & M University College Station USA

ABSTRACT: China began to introduce market principles and establish price mechanism to better manage land and improve land use efficiency in the late 1980s. Since then, land markets begin to emerge. A benchmark land price system, providing guidelines for land use rights selling and transferring, was established in order to overcome lack of market data and experiences in land transaction. The benchmark prices of land use rights are determined by land use, land use density (floor-land ratio), land grades, land improvement, and tenant resettlement costs. This paper first conducts a formal analysis based on modern urban economic theory. The formal model provides a theoretical foundation in which the benchmark land price system is assessed and evaluated in terms of land use and urban development. The paper then concludes that the benchmark price system has two theoretical problems. One is associated with the fact that floor-land ratio plays an important role in land price determination whereas the theory suggests the other way around. That is, floor-land ratio depends on land prices. The other problem is that the benchmark land price system does not provide adequate room for the substitution between land and capital inputs. The substitution is a key in achieving land use efficiency in land markets and urban development process. It is concluded that the practice of the benchmark land price system is at odd with reforms that aim to introduce market principles and mechanism to guide resource uses. Therefore, it is recommended that further land policy reform should be taken.

关键词： urban economics land development land prices urban land use floor-land ratio

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