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new Concepts in Tumor Antigens:Their Significance in Future Immunotherapies for Tumors

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2005年第5期2卷 331-341页

作者： Fan Yang~(1,2) Xiao-Feng Yang~(1,2,3) ~1department of Pharmacology,Temple university school of medicine,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19140,usa ~2departments of medicine and Immunology,Baylor College of medicine,Houston,Texas 77030,usa department of Pharmacology,Temple university school of medicine,3420 N.Broad Street,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania 19140, department of Pharmacology Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19140 USA.

The identification and molecular characterization of self-antigens expressed by human malignancies that are capable of elicitation of anti-tumor immune responses in patients have been an active field in tumor immunology. More than 2,000 tumor antigens have been identified, and most of these antigens are self-antigens. These significant progresses have led to the renaissance of tumor immunology and studies on anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, despite of the progress in the identification of self-tumor antigens, current antigen-specific immunotherapies for tumors are far less satisfied than expected, which reflects the urgent need to improve our understanding on self-tumor antigens. In order to develop more effective antigen specific anti-tumor immunotherapies and to monitor the responses to these immunotherapies in patients with tumors, many important fundamental questions need to be addressed. We propose for the first time that the studies in addressing the characteristics of self-tumor antigens and autoantigens are grouped as a new subject termed ＂antigenology＂. In this brief review, we would outline the progress in the identification of tumor antigens in solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, and overview the new concepts and principles of antigenology and their significance for future immunotherapies to these malignancies.

关键词： tumor tumor antigen new concept anti-tumor immune response immunotherapy

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Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of living and fossil plants—Metasequoia as an example

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第8期19卷 901-912页

作者： Hong Yang a,b, Qin Leng a,c a department of Science and Technology, College of Arts and Sciences, Bryant university, Smithfield, RI 02917, usa b department of Geology and Geophysics, yale university, new haven, ct 06520, usa c LPS, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS, Nanjing 210008, China [a]department of Science and Technology College of Arts and Sciences Bryant University Smithfield RI 02917 USA [b]Department of Geology and Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA [c]LPS Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology CAS Nanjing 210008 China

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis preformed on modern and fossil plants has made a significant impact on diverse research fields in biology and geology. Using living and fossil Metasequoia as an example, we review the technology of online GC-IRMS that made the molecular analysis of hydrogen isotope possible and discuss critical issues concerning with the studies of molecular dD and its applications. The apparent hydrogen fractionation factors between lipid molecules and source water (ewater–lipid) vary across plant taxonomy and differ among biomolecules and are affected by multiple environmental factors in which precipitation dD values exercise the first order of control. Eco-physiological factors and environmental parameters are also known to influence dD in plants. Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of chemically stable lipid molecules, such as n-alkanes, finds a wide range of applications in detecting source sediments, reconstruction of paleoclimatic parameters, inference of air-mass trajectory, as well as in petroleum industry and environmental studies.

关键词： Compound-specific dD Plant molecule Hydrogen fractionation Paleoclimate Metasequoia

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Studies on Barriers for Promotion of Clean Technology in SMEs of China

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2005年第1期3卷 9-17页

作者： Peng Sizhen , Liu Yan , Shi Han 1 2 & Zhong Ping 3 1. The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda21, Beijing 100089, China 2. yale school of Forestry & Environmental Studies, new haven ct 06511, the U.S.A. 3. department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sichuan university, Chengdu Sichuan 610065, China The Administrative Centre for China’s Agenda21 Beijing 100089 China yale school of Forestry and Environmental Studies New Haven CT 06511 United States department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610065 China

After more than 10 years efforts on awareness raising and promotion, the concept of cleaner production (CP) has been adopting as a strategic approach to balance economic benefits and environmental protection for China’s industries. However, it is also found that clean technology is difficult to be adopted and implemented in Chinese Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) because of certain barriers. This paper investigates these barriers among three stakeholders--governments, enterprises and experts. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to prioritize the relative importance of the twenty fine-selected barriers, which were classified into four barrier categories. The findings reveal that the exterior barriers of policy and financial barriers should be stressed rather than the inner barriers of technical and managerial barriers, although they are also very important. Absence of incentives on economic policies, lax enforcement of environmental regulations and high initial capital cost were the most important barriers to adoption of Clean Technologies (ct) in China.

关键词： Cleaner Production Clean Technologies Barrier Study Small and Medium Enterprises

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Aggregation and assembly of crescent foldamers

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第1期53卷 45-51页

作者： GONG Bing department of Chemistry,university at Buffalo,The State university of new York,Buffalo,new York 14260,usa 1. department of Chemistry University at Buffalo The State University of New York Buffalo New York 14260 USA

Recent studies have started to provide initial insights into the aggregation and assembly of two classes of back-rigidified foldamers with flat,curved backbones consisting of aromatic *** their persistent shape that presents large,well-defined aromatic surface areas,these crescent foldamers were found to undergo size-dependent aggregation in solution and pack into 1D assemblies in the solid *** aromatic oligoamides undergo stacking interactions not only in polar solvents but also in nonpolar ones,a unique property that is not associated with many other molecules that associate via π-π stacking *** stacking of oligo(m-phenylene ethynylenes) is similar to aromatic hydrocarbons,being promoted in polar solvents such as methanol while being discouraged in nonpolar solvents such as *** ready synthetic availability of crescent foldamers makes it possible to directly control the intermolecular interaction by tuning surface ***,the columnar assembly of these cavity-containing molecules provides a new strategy for constructing supramolecular nanotubular structures.

关键词： foldamer folding hydrogen bond π-π stacking aggregation assembly

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Neurobiology of Schizophrenia:Recent Studies in the prefrontal Cortex

Neurobiology of Schizophrenia:Recent Studies in the prefront...

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第九届中国神经药理学术会议

作者： Wei-Xing Shi,Ph.D (department of Psychiatry, yale university school of medicine new haven,ct 06520,usa)

The prefrontal cortex(PFC)is a major target area for mesocortical dopamine(DA) neurons and has been suggested to play a key role in schizophrenia. In one of the current hypotheses of schizophrenia, DA-mediated synapti...

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Requirement of PSD-95 for dopamine D1 receptor modulating glutamate NR1a/NR2B receptor function

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第6期28卷 756-762页

作者： Wei-hua GU~2,Shen YANG~2,Wei-xing SHI~(2,3,4),Guo-zhang JIN~2,Xue-chu ZHEN~(2,4)~2 department of Pharmacology,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,Shanghai Institutes ofBiological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 201203,China ~3 Neuropsychopharmacological Research Unit,department ofPsychiatry,yale university school of medicine,new haven ct 06511,usa departmentofPharmacology StateKeyLaboratoryofDrugResearchShanghaiInstituteofMateriaMedicaShanghaiInstitutesoJBiologicalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciencesShanghai201203China

Aim:To elucidate the role of scaffold protein postsynaptic density （PSD）-95 inthe dopamine D1receptor （D1R）-modulated NR1a/NR2B receptor ***:The human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing D1R （tagged with theenhanced yellow fluorescent protein） and NR1a/NR2B with or without co-expres-sion of PSD-95 were used in the *** Ca2+influx measured by imagingtechnique was employed to monitor N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors （NMDAR）***:The application of dopamine （DA,100 μmol/L） did not alterglutamate/glycine （Glu/Gly）-induced NMDAR-mediated Ca2+influx in cells onlyexpressing the D1R/NR1a/NR2B ***,DA increased Glu/Gly-induced Ca2+influx in a concentration-dependent manner while the cells wereco-expressed with PSD-95.D1R-stimulated Ca2+influx was inhibited by a selectiveD1R antagonist ***,pre-incubation with either the proteinkinase A （PKA） inhibitor H89,or the protein kinase C （PKC） inhibitor chelerythrineattenuated D1R-enhanced Ca2+influx induced by the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid（NMDA） *** results clearly indicate that D1R-modulated NR1a/NR2Breceptor function depends on PSD-95 and is subjected to the regulation of PKAand ***:The present study provides the first evidence that PSD-95is essential in D1R-regulated NR1a/NR2B receptor function.

关键词： D1 dopamine receptor NMDA PSD-95 signal transduction calcium

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Proteomic dissection of biological pathways/processes through profiling protein-protein interaction networks

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 737-746页

作者： CHEN Xian Institutes for Biomedical Sciences, Fudan university, Shanghai 200433, China department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, school of medicine, university of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, usa 1. Institutes for Biomedical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China2. Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics School of Medicine University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Chapel Hill USA

Cellular functions, either under the normal or pathological conditions or under different stresses, are the results of the coordinated action of multiple proteins interacting in macromolecular complexes or assemblies. The precise determination of the specific composition of protein complexes, especially using scalable and high-throughput methods, represents a systematic approach toward revealing particular cellular biological functions. In this regard, the direct profiling protein-protein interactions (PPIs) represent an efficient way to dissect functional pathways for revealing novel protein functions. In this review, we illustrate the technological evolution for the large-scale and precise identification of PPIs toward higher physiologically relevant accuracy. These techniques aim at improving the efficiency of complex pull-down, the signal specificity and accuracy in distinguishing specific PPIs, and the accuracy of identifying physiological relevant PPIs. A newly developed streamline proteomic approach for mapping the binary relationship of PPIs in a protein complex is introduced.

关键词： Chen Proteomic dissection of biological pathways/processes through profiling protein-protein interaction networks

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Surface electrocardiogram and action potential in mice lacking urea transporter UT-B

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2009年第5期52卷 474-478页

作者： MENG Yan1, ZHAO ChunYan2, ZHANG XueXin2, ZHAO HuaShan1, GUO LiRong1, Lü Bin1, ZHAO XueJian1& YANG BaoXue1,3 1 department of Pathophysiology, school of Basic medicine, Jilin university, Changchun 130021, China 2 department of Physiology, school of Basic medicine, Jilin university, Changchun 130021, China 3 department of medicine, university of California, San Francisco CA 94143, usa department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130021 China department of Physiology School of Basic Medicine Jilin University Changchun 130021 China department of medicine University of California San Francisco CA 94143 USA

UT-B is a urea transporter protein expressed in the kidney and in many non-renal tissues including erythrocytes, brain, heart, bladder and the testis. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotype of UT-B deletion in the heart. UT-B expression in the heart was studied in wild-type mice vs UT-B null mice by utilizing RT-PCR and Western blot. A surface electrocardiogram (ECG) recording (lead II) was measured in wild-type mice and UT-B null mice at the ages of 6, 16 and 52 weeks. For the action potential recording, the ventricular myocytes of 16 w mice were isolated and recorded by floating microelectrode method. The sodium current was recorded by the patch clamp technique. RT-PCR and Western blot showed the UT-B expression in the heart of wild-type mice. No UT-B transcript and protein was found in UT-B null mice. The ECG recording showed that the P-R interval was significantly prolonged in UT-B null mice ((43.5 ± 4.2), (45.5 ± 6.9) and (43.8 ± 7.6) ms at ages of 6, 16 and 52 weeks) vs wild-type mice ((38.6 ± 2.9), (38.7 ± 5.6) and (38.2 ± 7.3) ms, Pction potential and Vmax decreased significantly in UT-B null mice ((92.17 ± 10.56) and (101.89 ± 9.54) mV/s) vs those in wild-type mice (vs (110.51 ± 10.38) and (109.53 ± 10.64) mV/s, Pction potential duration at 50% and 90% (APD50 and APD90) was significantly prolonged in UT-B null mice ((123.83 ± 11.17) and (195.43 ± 16.41) ms) vs that in wild-type mice ((108.27 ± 10.85) and (171.00 ± 15.53) ms, P<0.05). The maximal sodium current decreased significantly in UT-B null mice (-8.80 ± 0.92) nA vs that in wild-type mice ((-5.98 ± 1.07) nA, P<0.05). These results provide the first evidence that UT-B deletion causes progressive heart block in mice.

关键词： urea transporter heart block electrocardiogram

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Down-regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide receptor by vasonatrin peptide in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第4期25卷 26-32页

作者： Shun-yan Lü, Miao-zhang ZHU2, Dian-shi WANG3, Jun YU, Hai-tao GUO, Yu-zhen HU, Qi-ming WEI4 department of Physiology, departmentof Anatomy, Fourth Military Medical university, Xi-an 710032, China 4Cardiorenal 3 Molecular Laboratory, university of Maryland school of medicine, Baltimore21201, usa department of Physiology Fourth Military Medical University Xi-an 710032 China

AIM: To investigate the regulatory effects of vasonatrin peptide (VNP) on the expression of C-type natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-C) in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. METHODS: Quantitative RT- PCR was undertaken to evaluate the levels of NPR-C mRNA and radioimmunoassay was used to determine the formation of intracellular cGMP. RESULTS: Twenty-four hours hypoxic exposure increased the level of NPR-C mRNA in cardiomyocytes, while did not alter the expression of NPR-C in cardiac fibroblasts. VNP (1×10-8-1×10-6 mol/L) reduced the levels of NPR-C mRNA in cardiac myocytes induced by hypoxia in a concentration-dependent manner, and with high concentration (1×10-6mol/L) also decreased the expression of NPR-C in cardiac fibroblasts and air-control cardiac myocytes. The inhibitory effects of VNP on the expression of NPR-C was mimicked by 8- bromo-cGMP 1×10-6 mol/L (a membrane permeable analog of cGMP). VNP (1×10-8-1×10-6mol/L) increased the formation of intracellular guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in both cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts. HS-142-1, the particulate guanylyl cyclase-coupled receptor antagonist, partially abrogated the above effects of VNP. CONCLUSION: Hypoxic exposure for 24 h up-regulated the expression of NPR-C in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. VNP decreased the expression of NPR-C in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts under both air- control and hypoxic condition, which was at least partially mediated by guanylate cyclase linked natriuretic peptide receptors through increasing the intracellular cGMP.

关键词： C-type natriuretic peptide myocardium fibroblasts hypoxia

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Axial Cone Beam Reconstruction with Asymptotic Trajectory Extrapolation Implemented by 3-D Weighting Scheme

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2010年第1期15卷 114-119页

作者： TANG Xiangyang department of Radiology,Emory university school of medicine,Atlanta 30322,usa Computed Tomography and Molecular Imaging,GE Healthcare,Waukesha 53188,usa [a] department of Radiology Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta 30322 USA Computed Tomography Molecular Imaging GE Healthcare Waukesha 53188 USA

Axial scan along circular trajectory has been the most desirable in clinical and preclinical applications. However, due to the violation of the data sufficiency condition, the reconstruction accuracy of axial scan deteriorates rapidly with increasing detector z-dimension. A number of algorithms have been proposed thus far to improve the reconstruction accuracy. It is well understood that, the larger the radius of circular trajectory the more accurate the reconstruction. Ultimately, the reconstruction becomes accurate if the trajectory radius reaches infinite. Inspired by such observations, an asymptotic weighting scheme is proposed here for axial scan at large cone angles to improve reconstruction accuracy. In practice, there may be other ways to im- plement the asymptotic 3-D weighting scheme, and we present one approach in this paper with preliminary results. Further investigation may enable this asymptotic weighting scheme to improve reconstruction accuracy significantly, enabling numerous applications in which axial scan at large z-dimension is desired.

关键词： computed tomography (ct) cone beam volumetric ct volumetric.ct image reconstruction tomography cone beam reconstruction axial scan

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