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Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the spinal cord after selective brachial plexus injury

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第9期1卷 773-776页

作者： Na Liu1, Feng Li1, Longju Chen2, Wutian Wu3 1medical college, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, china Master,Assistant, 2department of anatomy, Yunyang medical college, shiyan 4.2000, hubei Province, china 3department of anatomy, medical college of Hongkong University, Hongkong 999077, china medical college Foshan University Foshan 528000 Guangdong Province China department of anatomy Yunyang Medical College Shiyan 442000 Hubei Province China department of anatomy Medical College Hongkong University Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong

BACKGROUND: Some researches showed that motoneurons in spinal cord anterior horn wound die following brachial plexus injury, but the concrete mechanism of motoneurons death remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and survival of C7 motoneurons in spinal cord of rats after selective brachial plexus injury. DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING:department of anatomy, Sun Yet-sen medical college, Sun Yet-sen University. MATERIALS: Totally 35 adult healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats with the body mass of 200-300 g were provided by Experimental Animal Center, Sun Yet-sen medical college, Sun Yat-sen University. The rats were divided into control group (n =5) and experimental group(n =30) by random number table method, and the experimental group was divided into three injury subgroups: anterior root avulsion group, dorsal root transection group and spinal cord hemisection group, 10 rats in each group. There were horse anti-neuronal NOS (nNOS) polycolonal antibody (Sigma company) and nicotina mideadeninedinucleotide phosphate (NADPH-d) (Sigma Company). METHODS: The experiment was performed at department of anatomy, Sun Yet-sen medical college, Sun Yet-sen University between September 2004 and April 2005. ①After anesthetizing the rats, the spinous process of second thoracic vertebra as a marker, the vertebra was exposed from C5 to T1 and the lamina of vertebra was unclenched, and spinal dura mater was carved to expose the spinal nerve dorsal roots of C5-T1. The right ventral root of C7 was avulsed, and the residual root was removed in anterior root avulsion group. The right ventral root of C7 was avulsed and the right dorsal roots of brachial plexus (C5-T1) were cut off in dorsal root transection group. In spinal cord hemisection group, the hemisection between the C5 and C6 spinal segment on right side and avulsion of right ventral root of C7 were made. In the control group, the vertebra from C5 to T1 was uncle

关键词： Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the spinal cord after selective brachial plexus injury NOS

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Roles of nitric oxide in protective effect of berberine in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer mice

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第11期26卷 1334-1338页

作者： Long-tui PAN~(2,3), Qiang TANG~2, Qin FU~2, Ben-rong HU~2, Ji-zhou XIANG~(2,4), Jia-qing QIAN~2 ~2 department of Pharmacology, Tongji medical college of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, china ~3 department of Pharmacology, Yunyang medical college, shiyan 4.2000, china department of Pharmacology Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China department of Pharmacology Yunyang Medical College Shiyan China

Aim: To investigate the protective effects of berberine on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced by oral ingestion of ethanol. Nitric oxide (NO) content was measured, and mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The ulcer index (UI) at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 6 h after oral administration of ethanol was 23.8■1.4,23.3■2.2,22.3■1.2 and 20.8■1.1, respectively. The UI in the berberine-treated groups (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was less than the control group. The content of NO in the control group was 73.3+7.3 μL/L, 94.0■9.2 μL/L, 109.6■ 6.4 μL/L and 138.2■10.2 μU/L in gastric juice and 5.8■1.1 μmol/g protein, 8.3■ 1.1 μmol/g protein, 9.8■ 1.1 μmol/g protein and 11.9■ 1.2 μmol/g protein in gastric tissue at 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively, after the oral administration of ethanol. The content of NO in the berberine-treated groups (5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) was higher than the control group at 1 h after the oral administration of ethanol (P<0.05), and was lower at 6 h (P<0.05). Analysis by RT-PCR showed that expression of eNOS was inhibited but iNOS expression was enhanced by ethanol. However, the expression of eNOS could be enhanced and iNOS expression could be inhibited by berberine (P<0.01). Conclusion: Berberine could significantly protect gastric mucosa from damage by ethanol. This effect may be related to the increased expression of eNOS mRNA and inhibited expression of iNOS mRNA.

关键词： berberine nitric oxide protective agents ethanol-induced disorders stomach ulcer

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Role of melatonin in Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第1期27卷 41-49页

作者： Jian-zhi WANG~(2,4) Ze-fen WANG~(2,3)2 Pathophysiology department,Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of hubei Province,Tongji medical School,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,china 3 department of Physiology,medical college,Wuhan University Wuhan 430071,china Pathophysiology department Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases of Hubei Province Tongji Medical School Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China department of Physiology Medical College Wuhan University Wuhan China

Alzheimer disease (AD),an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with progres-sive loss of memory and deterioration of comprehensive cognition,is character-ized by extracellular senile plaques of aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ),and intracellularneurofibrillary tangles that contain hyperphosphorylated tau *** showed that melatonin,an indoleamine secreted by the pineal gland,mayplay an important role in aging and AD as an antioxidant and *** decreases during aging and patients with AD have a more profoundreduction in this *** from clinical trials indicate that melatonin supple-mentation improves sleep,ameliorates sundowning,and slows down the progres-sion of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's *** efficiently pro-tects neuronal cells from Aβ-mediated toxicity via antioxidant and anti-amyloidproperties:it not only inhibits Aβ generation,but also arrests the formation ofamyloid fibrils by a structure-dependent interaction with Aβ.Our recent studieshave demonstrated that melatonin efficiently attenuates Alzheimer-like *** the exact mechanism is still not fully understood,a direct regulatory influence of melatonin on the activities of protein kinases andprotein phosphatases is ***,melatonin also plays a role inprotecting cholinergic neurons and in ***,the neuroprotectiveeffects of melatonin and the underlying mechanisms by which it exerts its effectsare *** capacity of melatonin to prevent or ameliorate tau and Aβpathology further enhances its potential in the prevention or treatment of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer disease melatonin tau,beta amyloid

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Isoprenaline enhances local Ca2+ release in cardiac myocytes

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006年第7期27卷 927-932页

作者： Jian-xin SHEN~(2,3,42 department of Physiology,Shantou University medical college,Shantou 515041,china 3 department of Physiology,medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710061,china department of Physiology Shantou University Medical College Shantou China department of Physiology Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

Aim:Contraction of cardiac myocytes is controlled by the generation and ampli-fication of intracellular Ca2+*** key step of this process is the couplingbetween sarcolemma L-type Ca2+channels（LCCs）and ryanodine receptors（RyRs）in the sarcoplasmic reticulum（SR）.β-Adrenergic stimulation is an important regu-latory mechanism for this coupling *** the details underlied the globallevel,which require local Ca2+release study are still *** present study isto explore the effects of β-adrenergic stimulation on local Ca2+***:Using confocal microscopy combined with loose-seal patch-clamp approaches,effects of isoprenaline(1 μmol·L-1),a β-adrenergic agonist,on local SR Ca2+re-lease triggered by Ca2+influx through LCCs in intact rat cardiac myocytes ***:Isoprenaline increased the intensity of ensemble averagedlocal Ca2+transients,the peak of which displayed a typical bell-shaped voltage-dependence over the membrane voltages ranging from～-40mV to～+35m ***-ther analysis showed that this enhancement could be explained by the increasedcoupling fidelity（which refers the increased probability of RyRs activation upondepolarization）,and the increased amplitude of evoked Ca2+sparks(due to moreCa2+releases through local RyRs).In addition,isoprenaline decreased the firstlatency,which displayed a typical"U"-shaped voltage-dependence,showing theavailable acceleration and synchronization of β-adrenergic stimulation on intrac-ellular calcium ***:Isoprenaline enhances local Ca2+release incardiac *** results underscore the importance of regulation of β-adrenergic stimulation on local intermolecular signals between LCCs and RyRs inheart cells.

关键词： local calcium release calcium signaling cardiac myocytes isoprenaline confocal microscopy

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Antioxidant properties of berberine on cultured rabbit corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells injured by hydrogen peroxide

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第12期28卷 1914-1918页

作者： Yan TAN~(2,3,5),Qiang TANG~4,Ben-rong HU~4,Ji-zhou XIANG~4~2 Institute of Urology,Renmin Hospital,Yunyang medical college,shiyan 4.2000 china,~3 department of Pharmacology,Yunyang medicalcollege,shiyan 4.2000,china,~4 department of Pharmacology,Tongji medical college,Huazhong University of Science and Teehnology,Wuhan 430030,china Institute of Urology Renmin Hospital Yunyang Medical College Shiyan China department of Pharmacology Yunyang Medical College Shiyan China department of Pharmacology Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

Aim:To investigate the antioxidant properties of berberine (Ber) on corpuscavenosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC) in penile erectile ***:We examined the effects of Ber on cultured rabbit CCSMC damaged by hydrogenperoxide (H2O2) through examining cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliumassay and assessing the level of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase,(SOD) activity,nitric oxide (NO) products,and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) re-lease in cells after stimulation with ***:Treatment with 1 mmol/L H2O2significantly decreased the cell viability,NO products,and SOD activity of CCSMCfrom 100% to 48.57%±4.1% (P3 to 6.7±2.1 μmol/L (P30.1±2.6 U/mL (P3 U/L (P3.7±1.3 to 78.4±2.9nmol/mg protein (P<0.01),***,treatment with different con-centrations of Ber (10-1000 μmol/L) inhibited the damaging effects of H2O2,withincreased cell viability (P<0.05 or P<0.01),NO production (P<0.01),and SODactivity (P<0.01) and decreased LDH release and MDA content (both P<0.01).Conclusion:Bet could produce its antioxidant action on oxidative stress-inducedcultured *** effects may be of benefit in the prevention of penileerectile dysfunction.

关键词： berberine antioxidant action corpus cavernosum erectile dysfunction

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Prevention of pathological change and cognitive degeneration of Tg2576 mice by inoculating Aβ_(1-15) vaccine

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2008年第8期51卷 743-750页

作者： HU JinJia1, LI GuoYing2, WANG HuaQiao3, LIN Xian3 & YAO ZhiBin3 1 department of anatomy, medical college of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025, china 2 department of anatomy, Preclinical college, Guangdong University of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510006, china 3 department of anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, china department of anatomy Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China department of anatomy Preclinical College Guangdong University of Pharmacy Guangzhou China department of anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou China

This study aims to discuss the effect of preventing pathological changes and cognitive degeneration of Tg2576 mice by inoculating the subunit fragment of Aβ ***-two Tg2576 mice were randomly divided into four groups, each having eight mice:Group I, the control group, inoculated with adjuvants;Group II, the Aβ42 group, inoculated with Aβ42 vaccine;Group Ⅲ, the Aβ1―15 group, inoculated with Aβ1―15 vaccine;and Group IV, the Aβ36―42 group, inoculated with Aβ36―42 *** titer of the serum anti-body against Aβ42(Group II) was significantly higher than that of the control group(Group I), and a low level of antibodies could be detected in the brain homogenate in the three vaccine-inoculated *** water maze test showed that the Aβ42 group, Aβ1―15 group and Aβ36―42 group were obviously im-proved compared with the control *** cultured splenocytes sampled from each group were induced by Con A or their respective antigens, and the cell proliferation of the three vaccine-inoculated groups was significantly higher than that of the control *** the Aβ42 group, IL2 and IFN-γ were relatively low and IL4 and IL10 were relatively *** contrast, IL4 and IL10 were much higher in the Aβ1―15 group and IL2 and IFN-γ were much higher in the Aβ36―42 *** immunohistochemical test showed a large number of senile plaques in the brain cortex and hippocampus of the mice in the con-trol group, no senile plaque in the brain of the Aβ1―15 group and Aβ42 group mice, and a small number of senile plaques in the brain of the Aβ36―42 group *** results suggest that the subunit fragment of Aβ1―15 vaccine could prevent not only cognitive and behavioral degeneration but also Aβ deposition and formation of senile plaques in Tg2576 mice.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease β-amyloid peptide vaccine Tg2576 mice senile plaque

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Effects of extract F of red-rooted Salvia on mucosal lesions of gastric corpus and antrum induced by hemorrhagic shock-reperfusion in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第5期7卷 672-677页

作者： Li-Hong Zhang~1 Chang-Bai Yao~2 He-Quan Li~3 1 department of Anesthesiology,Second Clinical college,china medical University,Shenyang 110003,Liaoning Province,china2 department of General Surgery,Second Clinical college,china medical University3 department of Pathophysiology,china medical University department of Anesthesiology Second Clinical College China Medical University Liaoning Province China. cumzhanglihong@***

AIM: To compare the effects of extract F of red-rooted Salvia (EFRRS) on mucosal lesions of gastric corpus and antrum induced by hemorrhagic shock and reperfusion in rats. METHODS: The rats were subject to hemorrhagic shock and followed by reperfusion, and were divided randomly into two groups. Group 1 received saline, and group 2 received EFRRS intravenously. The index of gastric mucosal lesions (IGML) was expressed as the percentage of lesional area in the corpus or antrum. The degree of gastric mucosal lesions (DGML) was catalogued grade 0,1,2 and 3. The concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The concentration of MDA was measured according to the procedures of Asakawa. The activity of SOD was measured by the biochemical way. The growth rates or inhibitory rates of above-mentioned parameters were calculated. RESULTS: As compared with IGML (%), grade 3 damage (%) and MDA content (nmol/g tissue) of gastric antrum which were respectively 7.96 +/- 0.59, 34.86 +/- 4.96 and 156.98 +/- 16.12, those of gastric corpus which were respectively 23.18 +/- 6.82, 58.44 +/- 9.07 and 230.56 +/- 19.37 increased markedly (P 3.01 +/- 1.01, 8.35 +/- 1.95, 540.48 +/- 182.78, 714.38 +/- 123.74, 17.38 +/- 5.93 and 134.29 +/- 13.35 were markedly lower than those of antrum which were respectively 13.92 +/- 2.25, 26.78 +/- 6.06, 2218.56 +/- 433.12, 2531.76 +/- 492.35, 43.46 +/- 8.51 and 187.45 +/- 17.67 (P32.56, 308.62, 40.75, 74.75, 92.29 and 122.25 were higher than those in antrum which were respe

关键词： Phytotherapy Salvia Alprostadil derivatives Animals Dinoprostone Gastric Mucosa Hydroxyl Radical Male Malondialdehyde Plant Extracts Pyloric Antrum Rats Rats, Wistar Reperfusion Injury Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Shock, Hemorrhagic Superoxide Dismutase Thromboxane B2

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Sodium ferulate prevents amyloid-beta-induced neurotoxicity through suppression of p38 MAPK and upregulation of ERK-1/2 and Akt/protein kinase B in rat hippocampus

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2005年第8期26卷 943-951页

作者： Ying JIN~2, En-zhi YAN~3, Ying FAN~3, Zhi-hong ZONG~4, Zhi-min QI~3, Zhi LI~(2,5) ~2department of Ethnopharmacology, china medical University, Shengyang 110001, china ~3department of Pharmacology, Jinzhou medical college, Jinzhou 121001, china ~4department of Biochemistry, china medical University Shengyang 110001, china department of Ethnopharmacology China Medical University Shengyang China department of Pharmacology Jinzhou Medical College Jinzhou China department of Biochemistry China Medical University Shengyang China

Aim: To observe whether an amyloid β （Aβ）-induced increase in interleukin （IL）-1β was accompanied by an increase in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway and a decrease in the cell survival pathway, and whether so-dium ferulate （SF） treatment was effective in preventing these Aβ-induced changes. Methods: Rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with Aβ25-35. Seven days after injection, immunohistochemical techniques for glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） were used to determine the astrocyte infiltration and activation in hippo-campal CA1 areas. The expression of IL-1β, extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）, p38 MAPK, Akt/protein kinase B （PKB）, Fas ligand and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting. The caspase-3 activity was measured by clea-vage of the caspase-3 substrate （Ac-DEVD-pNA）. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the changes in IL- 1βmRNA levels. Results:Intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ-（25-35） elicited astrocyte activation and infiltration and caused a strong inflammatory reaction characterized by increased IL-1β production and elevated levels of IL-1β mRNA. Increased IL-1β synthesis was accompanied by increased activation of p38 MAPK and downregulation of phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt/PKB in hippocampal CA regions prepared from Aβ-treated rats, leading to cell death as assessed by activa-tion of caspase-3. SF significantly prevented Aβ-induced increases in IL-Iβ and p38 MAPK activation and also Aβ-induced changes in phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt/PKB expression levels. Conclusion: SF prevents Aβ-induced neu-rotoxicity through suppression of p38 MAPK activation and upregulation of phospho-ERK and phospho-Akt/PKB expression.

关键词： ferulic acid amyloid interleukin-1 p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases extra-cellular signal-regulated kinases proto-oncogene proteins c-akt Alzheimer disease

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Different Effects of Homocysteine and Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein on Methylation Status in the Promoter Region of the Estrogen Receptor α Gene

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2007年第1期39卷 19-26页

作者： Yushan HUANG~1 Kejun PENG~2 Juan SU~1 Yuping HUANG~3 Yizhon XU~1 and Shuren WANG~1 ~1department of Pathophysiology,West china School of Preclinic medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041.china ~2department of Laboratory Medicine,Chengdu medical college,Chengdu 610500,china ~3department of Biochemistry and Molecular Bilogy,Gannan medical college,Ganzhou 341000,china department of Pathophysiology West China School of Preclinic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041 China department of Laboratory Medicine Chengdu Medical CollegeChengdu 610500 China department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Gannan Medical CollegeGanzhou 341000 China

We investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on DNA methylation in the promoter region of the estrogen receptor α (ERos) gene,and its potentialmechanism in the pathogenesis of *** smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of humans weretreated by Hcy and ox-LDL with different concentrations for different periods of *** DNA methylationstatus was assayed by nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction,the lipids that accumulated inthe SMCs and foam cell formations were examined with Oil red O *** proliferation of SMCs wasassayed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide *** results showedthat ox-LDL in moderate concentrations (10-40 mg/L) induced de novo methylation in the promoter regionof the ERα gene of ***,high concentrations (50 mg/L) of ox-LDL,resulted in demethylation ofERα.The Hcy treatment resulted in de novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERα gene with aconcentration- and treating time-dependent manner,and a dose-dependent promoting effect on *** data indicated that the two risk factors for atherosclerosis had the function of inducingde novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERα gene of SMCs. However,high concentrations (50rag/L) of ox-LDL induced demethylation,indicating that different risk factors of atherosclerosis with differentpotency might cause different aberrant methylation patterns in the promoter region of the ERα *** mechanism of Hcy might involve the hypermethylation of the ERα gene,leading to the proliferationof SMCs in atherosclerotic lesions.

关键词： atherosclerosis homocysteine oxidized low density lipoprotein estrogen receptor α DNA methylation

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Application of synchrotron source based DEI method in guinea pig cochleae imaging

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第1期17卷 59-67页

作者： YIN Hongxia, LIU Bo, GAO Xin, GAO Xiulai and LUO Shuqian ( college of Biomedical Engineering, Capital University of medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, china department of anatomy, Capital University of medical Sciences, Beijing 100069, china) college of Biomedical Engineering Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing 100069 China department of anatomy Capital University of Medical Sciences Beijing 100069 China

Hard X-ray diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI), which is based on a synchrotron source and monochromator-analyzer-crystal system, is an effective method for imaging X-ray phase shift. Utilizing an analyzer crystal with high angular sensitivity of micro-radian, DEI can measure the transmitted, refracted and scattered X-rays when projecting onto a sample. It dramatically improves the contrast and spatial resolution of the resultant images. At the topography station of Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facilities (BSRF), we implemented DEI method in guinea pig cochleae imaging and acquired a series of DEI images. Based on these images, the apparent absorption and refraction images were calculated. The DEI images revealed the holistic spiral structures and inner details of guinea pig cochleae clearly, even including the structures at the cellular level, such as the static cilia of hairy cells and the limbus of Hansen cell. Due to the advantages of high contrast, high spatial resolution and distinct edge-enhanced effect, DEI method promises extensive applications in biology, medicine and clinic in the near future.

关键词： diffraction enhanced imaging hard X-ray imaging phase-contrast imaging cochlea micro-structure synchrotron source.

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