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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第5期18卷 593-596页

作者： RONG Yan-shu TU Qi-pu DUAN Li-yao college of Water resources and Environment Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Tianjin Institute of Meteorological Science Tianjin 300074 China Tianjin Institute of Meteorological science Tianjin 300074 China nanjing university of Information science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Tianjin Climate Centre Tianjin 300074 China

Evaporation plays an important role in water balance on the land surface. In Northern china, the evaporation series of the recent 115 years was reconstructed on the basis of Yhornthwaite evaporation formula. The characteristics of the reconstructed series were analyzed using 10-year running mean filter, power spectrum method, and running t-text of abrupt changes on the paper. The results showed that there were remarkable interannual fluctuations with timescales of about quasi-8-year, 3-4-year, and quasi-2-year, and interdecadal oscillations with timescales of 57.5-year, quasi-23-year, and l l.5-year. Meanwhile, the abrupt changes of the evaporation series were also of interdecadal timescale. Either interannual fluctuations or interdecadal oscillations of evaporation were closely related to variations in air temperatures and precipitation.

关键词： reconstructed evaporation series interannual timescale interdecadal timescale Northern china

Ramet population ecology of Panicum virgatum in the field–Competitively random growth of ramets and foraging behavior of ramet populations

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 901-906页

作者： Xinguo Yang a,*, Tianlong Wu b, Xu Chengb a college of resources and environmental sciences, china agricultural university, Beijing 100193, P.R. china b college of Agriculture and Biotechnology, china agricultural university, Beijing 100193, P.R. china college of resources and environmental sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China college of Agriculture and Biotechnology China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 P.R. China

The authors investigated the heterogeneous size patterns and dynamic growth of the ramet population of Panicum virgatum, a clonal caespitose plant, limited to the space occupied by a ramet bunch and the time of the ramet yearly life cycle, to understand the ecology of clonal caespitose plants in the field, where the ramet bunch generally consisted of more than one genet. Dynamic life tables for ramet populations were established by the replacement of living ramets at the present time with "dead" ones in past time. These tables revealed stable coexisting patterns of isometric and allometric growing processes of ramets in mass and height respectively, which approximately followed the historic trajectory of a density-independent population. The ecology of clonal caespitose plants is further discussed based on the competitively random growth of ramet individuals, including the scale of foraging behavior. In the field, the ramet population ecol- ogy of switchgrass may be a statistical result of competitively random growth of ramet individuals. The foraging behavior of a ramet population could then be presented as a process in which ramet individuals competed with each other for light and grew randomly, while at the same time a relatively stable dynamic growth pattern was apparent at the level of the ramet population, and the functional leaves were placed properly in time and space.

关键词： Caespitose clone Ramet population Panicum virgatum Life table Phenotypic plasticity Foraging behavior

Distributed modeling of the beginning and ending dates and durations of limited temperatures over the rugged terrain of Chongqing

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第12期19卷 1739-1746页

作者： Xinfa Qiu~a,Guoping Shi~a,Yan Zeng~(b,*),Zongya Bian~a,Jingmei Wei~c a Department of GIS,School of Remote Sensing,nanjing university of Information science & Technology,nanjing 210044,china b Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological sciences,nanjing 210008,china c Jinling college,nanjing university,nanjing 210089,china Department of GIS School of Remote Sensing Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological sciences Nanjing 210008 China Jinling college Nanjing University Nanjing 210089 China

A physically based empirical model was established for the beginning and ending dates(BED) of limited *** used were daily mean temperatures from 34 conventional stations in the Chongqing region,measured from 1961 to *** this model in combination with the distributed modeling results of monthly mean temperatures,we developed a method for creating a distributed simulation of the BED and durations of limited temperatures in the rugged terrain of *** distribution maps were generated at a resolution of 100×100 m for the BED and durations of the limited temperatures of 0,10,15 and *** suggest that the distributed model is able to successfully reveal the macroscopic trends and local *** the modeled BED,the mean absolute bias error is 0.6-2.4 d. Cross-validation and case-year tests show mean absolute bias errors of 1.3-2.8 d and 0.7-2.5 d,*** shows that the simulation results are consistent with the field *** implies that the simulations are as good as observations,thus providing a viable technique for simulating mountainous heat resources using conventional meteorological data.

关键词： Distributed modeling Chongqing Limited temperature Beginning and ending date

Adsorption of surfactants onto acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution

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science china Chemistry 2006年第5期49卷 445-453页

作者： YANG Weiben1,2,3,LI Aimin1,3,CAI Jianguo1,3,MENG Guanhua1,3 & ZHANG Quanxing1,3 1. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse,School of the Environment,nanjing university,nanjing 210093,china 2. nanjing college of Chemical Technology,nanjing 210048,china 3. Jiangsu Engineering & Technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant Control and Resource Reuse,nanjing 210038,china State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing China nanjing college of Chemical Technology Nanjing China Jiangsu Engineering & Technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant Control and Resource Reuse Nanjing China

In this study, a series of acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution were prepared successfully by varying the type and the amount of pore-forming agents. In order to inves-tigate the adsorption behavior and mechanism of surfactants on acrylic ester resins, three kinds of surfactants were utilized as adsorbates that were sodium 6-dodecyl benzenesulfonate (6-NaDBS), sodium 1-dodecyl benzene sulfonate (1-NaDBS) and sodium 1-dodecyl sulfonate, respectively. It was observed that the surface area was available in a particular pore size and an appropriate pore size of resins appeared to be more important for the adsorption of surfactants. As compared to commercial acrylic ester resins XAD-7 and HP2MG, 50# and 38# resins exhibited more excellent adsorption properties toward 1-NaDBS and 6-NaDBS. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, and double-Langmuir models. Two models provided very good fittings for all resins over the temperature range studied. The investigation indicated that electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond between resins and surfactants were the main forces and had an obvious effect on adsorption proc-ess.

关键词： acrylic ester resin, surfactant, adsorption, pore size distribution, isotherm.

Root Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Two Rice Cultivars with Different Nitrogen-Use Efficiency

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Pedosphere 2010年第4期20卷 446-455页

作者： FAN Jian-Bo ZHANG Ya-Li D. TURNER DUAN Yin-Hua WANG Dong-Sheng SHEN Qi-Rong Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095(China) college of resources and environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 (China) Institute of Soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 (China) School of Resource Management The University of MelbourneVictoria 3010 (Australia)

The variation in nitrogen （N） uptake by rice has been widely studied but differences in rice root morphology that may contribute to this variation are not completely understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study N accumulation, root dry weights, total root lengths, root surface areas, and root bleeding rates of two rice cultivars, Elio with low N-use efficiency and Nanguang with high N-use efficiency. Low （1 mmol N L^-1） and high （5 mmol N L^-1） N applications were established in the greenhouse experiment, and the N rates were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha^-1 in the field experiments at Jiangning and Jiangpu farms, nanjing, china. The results showed that the N accumulation, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area increased with an increase in N application. At the heading stage, N accumulation in the shoots and roots of Nanguang was greater than that of Elio in the field experiments and that of Elio at 5 mmol N L^-1 in the greenhouse experiment. After the heading stage, N accumulation was higher for Nanguang at both 1 and 5 mmol N L^-1 in the greenhouse experiment. The total root length and root surface area were significantly different between the two cultivars. Over the range of the fertilizer application rates, the root lengths of Nanguang at Jiangning Farm were 49%-6170 greater at booting and 26%-39% greater at heading than those of Elio, and at Jiangpu Farm they were 22%-42% and 26%-38% greater, respectively. Nanguang had a greater root bleeding rate than Elio. It was concluded that the N-use efficiency of the two rice cultivars studied depended to a great extent on the root morphological parameters and root physiological characteristics at different growth stages.

关键词： N accumulation root bleeding rate root dry weight root surface area total root length

Surfactant-Enhanced Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants:Potential and Assessment

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Pedosphere 2007年第4期17卷 409-418页

作者： GAO Yan-Zheng LING Wan-Ting ZHU Li-Zhong ZHAO Bao-Wei ZHENG Qing-Song college of Resource and environmental sciences Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 college of environmental and Resource sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 （China） School of environmental and Municipal Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 （China）

Phytoremediation is becoming a cost-effective technology for the in-situ clean up of sites polluted with hydrophobic organic contaminants （HOCs）. The major factors limiting phytoremediation are the mass transfer, rate of plant uptake, and microbial biodegradation of HOCs. This article discusses the potential of surfactants to enhance desorption, plant uptake, and biodegradation of HOCs in the contaminated sites. Positive effects of surfactants on phytoremediation have been recently observed in greenhouse studies. The presence of some nonionic surfactants including polyoxyethylene sorbltan monooleate （Tween 80） and polyoxyethylene（23）dodecanol （Brij35） at relatively low concentrations resulted in significant positive effects on phytoremediation for pyrene-contaminated soil. However, the anionic surfactant （sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS） and the cationic surfactant （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMAB） were not useful because of their phytotoxicity or low efficiency for surfactant-enhanced phytoremediation （SEPR）. The mechanisms of SEPR for HOC-contaminated sites were evaluated by considering experimental observations. In view of concerns about the cost effectiveness and toxicity of surfactants to plants, more research is needed to enhance the use of SEPR technology.

关键词： hydrophobic organic contaminant remediation SEPR soil surfaztant

Geochemistry of Trace and Rare Earth Elements in Red Soils from the Dongting Lake Area and Its environmental Significance

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 615-622页

作者： MAO Long-Jiang MO Duo-Wen YANG Jing-Hong SHI Chen-Xi college of Atmospheric science Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 (China) college of Urban and environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 (China) Department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 (China)

Trace element(TE) and rare earth element(REE) contents in red soils from the Dongting Lake area of china were determined to understanding the provenance and weathering characteristics of the red *** results showed similar REE distribution patterns among red soils from the Dongting Lake area,Xiashu loess from Zhenjiang,loess and Pliocene red soil from the Loess *** patterns implied a similar provenance from dust-storms,except for red soil R5 which formed by bedrock weathering and had significant light REE(LREE) enrichment and heavy REE(HREE) depletion due to longer weathering periods and higher intensity of *** element,especially the Rb/Sr and Li/Ba ratios,and REE,especially the LREE/HREE ratio and δEu could trace weathering *** Rb/Sr,Li/Ba,and LREE/HREE ratios and negative Eu anomalies were present in the red soils from the Dongting Lake *** weathering intensity was in the decreasing order of R5 in the Dongting Lake area > red soils from the Dongting Lake area(including reticulate red soil,weak reticulate red soil,and homogeneous red soil formed by dust storms) > Xiashu loess from Zhenjiang > loess-paleosol and Pliocene red soil from the Loess *** in the TE and REE contents of soil could be effectively used to study the provenance and the weathering intensity.

关键词： Hunan Province provenance sedimentary processes weathering intensity

Bathynotus:A key trilobite taxon for global stratigraphic boundary correlation between Cambrian Series 2 and Cambrian Series 3

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2009年第1期19卷 99-105页

作者： Jin Peng a,b,Yuanlong Zhao b,Jinliang Yuan c,Lu Yao b,Hong Yang b a Department of Earth sciences,nanjing university,nanjing 210093,china b college of Resource and environmental Engineering,Guizhou university(Caijiaguan Campus),Guiyang 550003,china c nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology,Chinese Academy of sciences,nanjing 210008,china Department of Earth sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China college of Resource and environmental Engineering Guizhou University (Caijiaguan Campus) Guiyang 550003 China nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

The Cambrian trilobite Bathynotus is a special morphology of Redlichiid,which is characterized by a wider thorax axis and an 11th macropleural segment bearing a long,backwardly directed ***,its 12th and 13th pleural segments are narrow and they terminate at a fulcrum where they fuse together and to the posterior edge of the long macropleural *** genus is widely distributed,occurring in North America,Siberia,the Altay-Sayan fold belt of Russia,South china,the Tarim Basin of china,and *** occurs primarily in deposits of the upper part of the continental slope,at the transition between stable platform settings and subsiding margins of the late Early ***,we recognize three species of Bathynotus from china,including *** which is widespread around the *** six species of Bathynotus have been reported from Siberia and the Altay-Sayan fold belt area of Russia,data presented here suggest that only three of these species are *** exhibits a short geological range,with its first occurrence late in the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and the last appearance datum of Bathynotus at the boundary of Cambrian Series 2 and Cambrian Series *** late appearance datum(LAD) of Bathynotus provides an important global stratigraphic marker of the boundary between Cambrian Series 2 and Cambrian Series 3.

关键词： Bathynotus Age Cambrian Series 2 Boundary Correlation

Game model of safety monitoring for arch dam deformation

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science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第S2期51卷 76-81页

作者： SU HuaiZhi1,2,WU ZhongRu1,2,GU YanChang1,2,HU Jiang1 & WEN ZhiPing3 1 college of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Hohai university,nanjing 210098,china 2 National Engineering Research Center of Water resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety,nanjing 210098,china 3 Department of Computer Engineering,nanjing Institute of Technology,nanjing 210013,china college of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China National Engineering Research Center of Water resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety Nanjing China Department of Computer Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing China

Arch dam deformation is comprehensively affected by water pressure,temperature,dam's structural behavior and material properties as well as other *** them the water pressure and temperature are external factors(source factors) that cause dam deformation,and dam's structural behavior and material properties are the internal factors of deformation(resistance factors).The dam deformation is the result of the mutual game playing between source factors and resistance ***,resistance factors of structure and materials that reflect resistance character of arch dam structure are introduced into the traditional model,where structure factor is embodied by the flexibility coefficient of dam body and the maximum dam height,and material property is embodied by the elastic modulus of *** the basis of analyzing the correlation between dam deformation and resistance factors,the game model of safety monitoring for arch dam deformation is put forward.

关键词： arch dam deformation monitoring model flexibility coefficient game theory

NUMERICAL MODELING PURIFICATION PERFORMANCE OF POT TEST

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第5期22卷 709-718页

作者： DAI Yu WANG De-guan ZHANG Jin-feng LUAN Qing-hua Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes of Ministry of Education Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China college of Mechanics and Materials science Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China college of environmental Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China college of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Hebei University of Engineering Handan 056021 China

A three-dimensional mathematical model was developed to simulate the pollutant removal efficiency of the soil and plants in the pot test. The advection, dispersion, diffusion, adsorption, biochemical reaction and plant uptake processes were taken into account in the model. The three-dimensional modified Richards equation was used in simulating flow field. The mass balance law was employed in deriving the equation for pollutant transport, where the diffusion and dispersion were described with the Fick-type law, the adsorption was macroscopically expressed as form isotherm, and the bio-chemical degradation process was assumed to follow the Monod kinetics. The mathematical model was descretized by the finite element numerical method. In the pot test, the hydraulic loading was assumed to have the intermittent pattern simulating the rainfall duration and the occurrence of frequency, and the concentrations of pollutants in the influent and effluent were measured. The computed overall removal rates for the CODCr and TN in four cases are in the range of 90.62% - 95.43% and 85.01% - 96.46%, respectively. The differences between the computed and tested overall removal rates for the CODCr and TN are smaller than 5%. The time-varying oscillation pattern of the concentrations of the CODCr and TN were rationally simulated, which showed that the model presented in this article could be used to assess the pollutant removal efficiency of the soil and plants in related cases.

关键词： pot test numerical modelling pollutant removal efficiency experiments