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Milestone of the meridian science──970th anniversary of the Chinese Bronze Statue of Meridian

Chinese Science Bulletin 1998年第5期43卷 353-362页

作者： ZHANG renji college of life sciences, peking university, Beijing 100871, china college of life sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

For more than a thousand years, Chinese people were aware of the transmitted sensations by the application of needles on the body surface. This practice is called acupuncture. Acupuncture had been recorded and transcribed in writings and in drawings, until finally the acupoints were inscribed onto a bronze statue. The bronze statue was called the Meridian Figure. Deeply embodied in the bronze statue is a tripartite confrontation-prism representation of the humans body. This concept was a great scientific achievement in ancient china. The author traces the history of Meridian science described in traditional Chinese medical terms. Then he explores a clear analogy of the meridian pathway (Mp) phenomenon. In a model system, by using a simple segmental in vertebrate, certain parallels can be demonstrated with the meridian concept. For example, the author demonstrated a clear correlation rule among the central mechano-sensory channels, and characteristics of positional discrimination in individual nerve cells from different receptive field inputs. The evidence suggests that the Mp phenomenon is an objective neurobiological response. To clarify the research objective in this paper, the author suggests that the Mp is a bi-directional pathway along which a positional message signal is transmitted. This phenomenon is evoked by physical stimulation, transmitted linearly across the human body segments, and is perceived by the brain. The Mp consists of low resistance paths, is connected by the liquid media contained in the apposite membranous structure. At the cellular level, the regulation functions of Mp must pass through along this low resistance path. Two aspects of the modern Meridian research are the functional regulation and the mechanism of intercellular liquid modulation at the nanometer level.

关键词： meridian pathway tripartite confrontation-prism coordinate position discriminative recognition apposite membranous structure.

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Interactive group decision making procedure based on uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2010年第3期21卷 408-415页

作者： Zeshui Xu1,2,1.college of Economics and Management,Southeast university,Nanjing 210096,p.r.china 2.Institute of sciences,university of Science and Technology of the pLA,Nanjing 210007,p.r.china college of Economics and Management Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096P.R.China Institute of sciences University of Science and Technology of the PLANanjing 210007P.R.China

Group decision making problems are investigated with uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference *** unbalanced multiplicative linguistic label set is introduced,which can be used by the experts to express their linguistic preference information over *** uncertain linguistic weighted geometric mean operator is utilized to aggregate all the individual uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations into a collective one,and then a simple approach is developed to determine the experts＇ weights by utilizing the consensus degrees among the individual uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations and the collective uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference ***,a practical interactive procedure for group decision making is proposed based on uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations,in which a possibility degree formula and a complementary matrix are used to rank the given ***,the proposed procedure is applied to solve the group decision making problem of a manufacturing company searching the best global supplier for one of its most critical parts used in assembling process.

关键词： group decision making uncertain multiplicative linguistic preference relations unbalanced multiplicative linguistic label set consensus degree interaction.

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An Analysis to the Driving Forces for Water and Salt Absorption in roots of Maize Seedlings Under Salt Stress

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Agricultural sciences in china 2010年第6期9卷 806-812页

作者： ZHU Jian-jun,BAI Xin-fu,BU Qing-mei and JIANG Xiao-man college of life sciences,Ludong university,Yantai 264025,p.r.china [a] college of life sciences Ludong University Yantai 264025 P.R.China

When maize seedlings were subjected to salt stress,a decline in root xylem pressure was observed within seconds,followed by a gradual increase in Na＋ deposition in the *** magnitude of xylem pressure response was positively correlated with,but not proportional to the intensity of the stress.A continuous recording of the xylem pressure profile showed that self-regulation of the xylem pressure existed before and after the imposition of salt stress when the environmental conditions were relatively *** salt induced increase in xylem tension dominated the total water potential of the plant when the salt stress was mild,but the osmotic potential became more prominent when the NaCl concentration in the root bathing solution was raised to over 100 mol *** average transpiration rate of the seedlings dropped by 40% when the NaCl concentration in the root ambient was increased to 150 mol *** salt stress resulted in the decline of both the xylem pressure potential and the osmotic potential in the root xylem,the changes in the total water potential of the root xylem solution were always smaller than the changes in the water （osmotic） potentials of the solution bathing the *** analysis to the water relations of maize seedlings showed that not only the water potential components,but the radial reflection coefficient of the roots was also dependent on the level of *** the NaCl level in the root bathing solution was raised from 25 to 150 mol m-3,the radial reflection coefficient of the root declined from 0.43 to *** small change resulted in a remarkable increase in the normalised relative NaCl absorption by 2.4 times,indicating that the radial reflection coefficient of root played a very important role in regulating the absorption of NaCl in maize seedlings under salt stress.

关键词： maize seedlings salt stress radial reflection coefficient of root xylem pressure transpiration

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with the clonal plants in Mu Us sandland of china

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progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第11期17卷 1296-1302页

作者： Zhao Jinli and He Xueli(college of life sciences, Hebei university, Baoding 071002, china) college of life sciences Hebei University Baoding 071002 China

Clonal plants in Mu Us sandland change the sandy enviroment. The clonal plant is a kind of resource in restoration of the Mu Us sandy landscape. Soil samples at depth of 50 cm in the rhizosphere of the clonal plants were collected in 4 replicates at each location and divided into sections corresponding to 0—10, 10—20, 20—30, 30—40 and 40—50 cm depths in two representative sites from north to south in Mu Us sandland, northwestern china, in July 2005. Clonal plants included psammochloa villosa and Hedysarum laeve. The colonization and ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were investigated in the rhizosphere of clonal plants in Mu Us sandland. The results showed that the clonal plants established well symbiosis with AM fungi; AM fungal species and spatial distribution were significantly related with the host plants and soil factors. Of 16 AM fungal taxa in three genera isolated and identified, Glomus multicaule was only observed in the rhizosphere of psammochloa villosa; Glomus aggregatum, Glomus hydembadensis, Glomus constrictum and Acaulospora rehmii only appeared in the rhizosphere of Hedysarum leave. The depth of soil layers observably affected the spore density and the frequency of colonization (%F). The maximal %F and spore density occurred in the 10—20 cm layer at the site of Ordos Sandy Land Ecological Station, but which occurred in the 0—10 cm layer in Shanxi Yulin rare Sandy-plants Conversation Field. AM fungal status and colonization might be used to monitor desertification and soil degradation.

关键词： AM fungi clonal plants Mu Us sandland

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Expression and Identification of Mutated Osteoprotegerin in Culture Cells and Larvae of Silkworm

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第5期36卷 331-335页

作者： Hai-Long XIAO, Yong-Feng JIN, and Yao-Zhou ZHANG1* Institute of Biochemistry, college of life sciences, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310029, china college of life sciences, Zhejiang university of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310018, china college of life sciences Zhejiang University of Science & TechnologyHangzhou 310018China Institute of Biochemistry College of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

The mutated osteoprotegerin (OpG-372) gene was inserted into the baculovirus transfer vector pBacpAK8, and the recombinant plasmid was co-transfected with linearized Bm-BacpAK6 virus DNA into BmN cells, then homologous recombination occurred inside the cells. The recombinant virus BmNpV-OpG- 372 was screened and identified by Southern blotting. The recombinant human OpG-372 was expressed in cultured cells and the larvae of silkworm by inoculation of recombinant virus. The expression products were run on the SDS-pAGE and their immunoreactivities were determined by Western blotting. It was found that a 42 kD recombinant protein was expressed in BmN cells and a 46 kD one in larvae respectively. The bioactivi- ties of the recombinant proteins were determined by hypocalcemic effect assay in the mice. The results showed that the recombinant proteins had a significant hypocalcemic effect on mice sera.

关键词： OpG-372 silkworm baculovirus expression system hypocalcemic effect

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Study on Characteristics of a Strain of penicillium *** of Heterotrophic Ammonium Oxidation

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Agricultural sciences in china 2010年第12期9卷 1816-1820页

作者： WANG Li-qun and YU Qi-lin college of life Science, Northeast Agricultural university, Harbin 150030, p.r.china [a] college of life Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030 P.R.China

An ammonia-oxidizing strain of penicillium sp., M25-22 which was isolated from chicken feces compost, was studied to make clear its characteristics of ammonium oxidation and provide references for its application in aerobic composting. In media containing （NH4）2SO4 at a concentration of 0.5 g 100 mL^-1, mycelium weight and utilization ratio of ammonium nitrogen increased markedly during the 1st 5 d, concentration of nitrate increased markedly from the 3rd to the 5th d and concentration of nitrite remained at a low level. The strain showed the ability to oxidize ammonium nitrogen growing in media containing glucose, sucrose, starch, or cellulose as the sole carbon source and to oxidize the negative trivalent nitrogen of ammonium sulfate, peptone, acetamide, urea, or L-aspartate. Slowly available carbon or nitrogen sources such as starch, cellulose, and peptone were beneficial to ammonium oxidation. In media containing sucrose as the sole carbon source and ammonium sulfate as the sole nitrogen source, nitrate formation was the most pronounced with sucrose present at a concentration of 12 g L^-1 and ammonium nitrogen present at a concentration of 2.438 mg mL% at the initial pH level of 7.5 and at 30℃.

关键词： aerobic composting heterotrophic ammonium oxidation penicillium

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Comparing Genetic Characteristics of retrotransposon TOS17 During Different Tissue Culture processes in the rice Cultivars Nipponbare and Shishoubaimao

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Agricultural sciences in china 2010年第2期9卷 157-162页

作者： LI Kuan, WANG Chuang, YING Shan and SHOU Hui-xia State Key Laboratory of plant physiology and Biochemistry, college of life sciences, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310058, p.r.china [a] State Key Laboratory of plant physiology and Biochemistry College of Life Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 P.R. China

As a retrotransposon, TOS17 was a useful tool for rice genetic and functional genomic research. To ascertain the feasibility of constructing a TOS17 insertion mutation library in the rice cultivar Shishoubaimao, the genetic and expression characteristics of TOS17 were analyzed. We made solid and suspension tissue cultures and confirmed the copy numbers of TOS17 at different time points in both tissue culture processes by real-time quantitative pCr （rT-qpCr）. Three primary copies of TOS17 were detected in naturally grown Shishoubaimao. TOS17 was activated by tissue culture, and the copy numbers of TOSI7 increased along with a prolonged tissue culture time in both the Nipponbare and the Shishoubaimao cultivars. Therefore, Shishoubaimao is a potential candidate for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library. Compared with Nipponbare, TOS17 was more active in Shishoubaimao during tissue culture. Higher copy numbers of TOS17 were obtained with the suspension tissue culture process than with the solid tissue culture process over the same time courses. We concluded that 3-4 months of suspension tissue culture time is suitable for constructing a TOS17 insertion mutant library in Shishoubaimao.

关键词： Shishoubaimao tissue culture TOS17 copy number insertion mutant library

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Arginine bi-directional translocation and breakdown into ornithine along the arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium

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Science china(life sciences) 2009年第4期52卷 381-389页

作者： JIN Hairu college of Chemistry and life sciences, Zhejiang Normal university, Jinhua 321004, china college of Chemistry and life sciences Zhejiang Normal University Jinhua 321004 China

Bi-directional translocation and degradation of Arginine (Arg) along the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal mycelium were testified through 15N and/or 13C isotopic labeling. In vitro mycorrhizas of Glomus intraradices and ri T-DNA-transformed carrot roots were grown in dual compartment petri dishes. [15N- and/or13C]Arg was supplied to either the fungal compartment or the mycorrhizal compartment or separate dishes containing the uncolonized roots. The levels and labeling of free amino acids (AAs) in the mycorrhizal roots and in the extraradical mycelia(ErM) were measured by gas chromatogra- phy/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HpLC). The ErM of AM fungi exposed in either NH4+ or urea as sole external nitrogen source had much higher 15N enrichment of Arg, compared with those in nitrate or exogenous Arg; however, glycerol supplied as an external car- bon source to the ErM had no significant effect on the level of Arg in the ErM. Meanwhile, Arg bio- synthesized in the ErM could be translocated intact to the mycorrhizal roots and thereby the level of Arg in the mycorrhizal roots increased to about 20% after culture of ErM in 4 mmol/L NH4+ for 6 weeks. Also Arg was found to be bi-directionally transported along the AM fungal mycelium through [U-13C]Arg labeling either in the mycorrhizal compartment or in the fungal compartment. Once Arg was translo- cated to the potential N-limited sites, it would be further degraded into ornithine (Orn) and urea since either [U-13C] or [U-15N/U-13C]Orn was apparently shown up in the mycorrhizal root tissues when [U-13C] or [U-15N/U-13C]Arg was labeled in the fungal compartment, respectively. Evidently Orn formation indi- cated the ongoing activities of Arg translocation and degradation through the urea cycle in AM fungal mycelium.

关键词： arbuscular mycorrhiza arginine in vitro culture 15N labeling ornithine urea cycle

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Irrigation Water Use Efficiency of Farmers and Its Determinants: Evidence from a Survey in Northwestern china

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Agricultural sciences in china 2010年第9期9卷 1326-1337页

作者： WANG Xue-yuan college of Economics, Zhejiang Gongshang university, Hangzhou 310018, p.r.china [a] college of Economics Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China

Irrigation water shortage is becoming an increasingly serious problem in agricultural production. In this case, it is very important for policy makers to take measures to improve irrigation water use efficiency, especially in the water-scarce areas. In this paper, the data envelopment analysis （DEA） techniques, based on the concept of input-specific technical efficiency were used to develop farm-level technical efficiency measures and sub-vector efficiencies for irrigation water use. The Tobit regression technique was then adopted to identify the factors that influence irrigation water efficiency differentials under the shortage of water resources. Based on a sample data of 432 wheat farmers in northwestern china, our experimental results of the DEA analysis showed the average technical efficiency of 0.6151. It suggested that wheat farmers could increase their production by as much as 38.49% by using inputs more efficiently. Further, the mean irrigation water efficiency of 0.3065, suggested that wheat farmers could produce the same quantity of wheat using the same quantity of inputs but with 69.35% less water. The results of the Tobit regression analysis showed that the farmer＇s age, income, education level, and the farm size tended to affect the degree of irrigation water efficiency positively, and the channel conditions and different irrigation methods made a significant impact on irrigation water use efficiency. Furthermore, the arrangements of exclusive water property rights and competitive water price mechanism have effectively encouraged the water saving behavior of farmers. These results are valuable for policy makers since it could help to guide policies towards high irrigation water use efficiency.

关键词： irrigation water efficiency determinants data envelopment analysis Tobit regression

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Characteristics of fMrI BOLD signal and its neurophysiological mechanism

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progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第6期17卷 630-638页

作者： Zhao Xiaohu1,2, Wu Yigen3 and Guo Shengli3(1. college of life sciences, Zhejiang university, Hangzhou 310058, china 2. Imaging Department of Tongji Hospital of Tongji university, Shanghai 200065, china 3. college of Mathematics and physics, Nanjing university of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, china) college of life sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Imaging Department Tongji Hospital Tongji University Shanghai 200065 China college of Mathematics and physics Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China

The functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMrI) based on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast has emerged as one of the most potent noninvasive tools for mapping brain function and has been widely used to explore physiological, pathological changes and mental activity in the brain. Exploring the nature and property of BOLD signal has recently attracted more attentions. Despite that great progress has been made in investigation of the characteristics and neurophysiological basis, the exact nature of BOLD signal remains unclear. In this paper we discuss the characteristics of BOLD signals, the nonlinear BOLD response to external stimuli and the relation between BOLD signals and neural electrophysiological recordings. Furthermore, we develop our new opinions regarding nonlinear BOLD response and make some perspectives on future study.

关键词： functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level dependent nonlinear response neural electrophysiological activity.

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