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meteorological observations on Mount Everest in 2.05

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第7期17卷 828-837页

作者： Xie Aihong~(1**) Qin Dahe~1 Ren Jiawen~1 Qin Xiang~1 Xiao Cunde~(1,2. Hou Shugui~1 Kang Shichang~(1,3) Yang Xingguo~(1,4) Jiang Youyan~1 (1.Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment,Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute,chinese academy of {2.,Lanzhou 730000,china 2.chinese academy of meteorological Science,beijing 100081,china 3.Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,chinese academy of {2.,beijing 100085,china 4.Gansu Provincial meteorological Bureau,Lanzhou 730000,china) [a]Key Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China [b]chinese academy of Metoorological Science Beijing China [c]Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [d]Gansu Provincial meteorological Bureau Lanzhou China

Mount Everest,the highest point on the Earth is often referred to as the earth's third pole as such the place is relatively inaccessible and little is known about its *** April 2.05,an automatic weather station was installed at the mountain's North Col(652. m a.s.l.).According to the observational 10-minute mean and daily records,the meteorological characteristics were analyzed. All the meteorological elements displayed obvious diurnal variations during May 1 to July 2.,*** monthly variation of daily meteo- rological elements on Mount Everest coincided with that on Dingri,the closest routine meteorological station,with the high correlation co- efficients of 0.92.,0.877,0.682.0.755,0.82. and 0.676(n=83,p3,0.485 and 0.487(n=83,pmeteorological *** conclusions are much important for research on meteorology and climate changes in the region.

关键词： Mount Everest meteorological observation Dingri County radiation air temperature relative humidity air pressure wind

Dipole anomaly in the Arctic atmosphere and winter Arctic sea ice motion

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Science china Earth sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1529-1536页

作者： WU Bingyi1, ZHANG Renhe1 & WANG Jia2.1. chinese academy of {2. sciences, beijing 100081, china 2. International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA 1. chinese academy of {2. sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks 99775 AK USA

This paper investigates a previously-ignored atmospheric circulation anomaly-di- pole structure anomaly in the arctic atmosphere, and its relationship with the winter sea ice mo- tion, based on analyses of the International Arctic Buoy Programme Data (1979―1998) and datasets from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for the period of 1960―2.02. The dipole structure anomaly is the second-leading mode of EOF of monthly mean SLP north of 70°N during the winter season (Oct.―Mar.), which accounts for 13% of the variance. One of its two anomaly centers is over the Canadian Archipelago; the other is situated over northern Eurasia and the Siberian marginal seas. Due to the dipole structure anomaly’s strong meridionality, it becomes an important mechanism to drive both anomalous sea ice export out of the Arctic Basin and cold air outbreaks into the Barents Sea, the Nordic Seas and northern Europe.

关键词： dipole anomaly, winter season, Arctic, sea ice motion, sea ice export.

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON SAND - DUST STORM DISASTER AND COUNTERMEASURES IN china

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chinese Geographical Science 2002年第1期12卷 9-13页

作者： ZHANG Qing yang, ZHAO Xi you, ZHANG Yuan, LI Li(chinese academy of {2. sciences, beijing 100081, P.R.china) chinese academy of Meterological {2. Beijing P. R. China

As a kind of natural disasters, sand dust storms frequently occur in deserts and their surrounding areas. The occurrence of this disaster in china′s northwest and north china has exerted an extremely adverse effect upon the environment in china. The management of sand dust storms is of a systematic project closely related with the environment such as agriculture, ecosystem, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology and other aspects. Therefore, studies of the formation, the basic features, causes, temporal spatial distribution, developing trend and related disasters of sand dust storms in china are conducted based on satellite data. The experience of sand dust storms control and countermeasures in the United States and some other countries are referred. Meanwhile, preliminary countermeasures relating to sand dust storms in china are proposed.

关键词： sand-dust storm in china spatial and temporal distribution meteorologicaldisaster countermeasures of sand-dust storms

Evaluation of a 3dVAR system for the South china Sea

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第5期18卷 547-554页

作者： Xianjun Xiao a,b, Dongxiao Wang a, Changxiang Yan c, Jiang Zhu c a LED, South china Sea Institute of Oceanology, chinese {2. of sciences, Guangzhou 510301, china b NCC, china meteorological administration, beijing 100081, china c Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese {2. of sciences, beijing 10002., china LED South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China NCC China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The authors evaluate a three-dimensional variational (3dVAR) system for the South china Sea (SCS) in this study. The assimilation method applied in the system takes into consideration error correlation along each ground track and uses recursive lter for optimiza- tion. Data from three R/V cruises during the spring and summer of 1998 and the summer of 2.00 are used to evaluate the system. The root-mean-square error and bias are reduced signi cantly and when the altimeter data are assimilated, the distribution of the error is much closer to the Gaussian distribution. Precipitation and river discharge in the southwestern SCS are reproduced, and the variability of sea surface height is e ciently transferred to the subsurface. The 3dVAR system performs well for each of the three cruises, suggesting that it is steady for routine usage.

关键词： South china Sea Three-dimensional variational data assimilation Recursive lter

Climate effects of nuclear war in china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 1993年第2期5卷 230-240页

作者： Cao Hongxingchinese academy of {2. sciences, beijing 100081, chinaWang Yongzhong Lin Yunmeibeijing Institute of Meteorology, beijing 100081, china chinese academy of {2. sciences Beijing 100081 China. China

By utilizing simulations of climatic respponse to nuclear smoke, which were made by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA, climate change in china induced by a large-scale nuclear war is analysed. Remarkable climate change in china following nuclear smoke injections is found. The surface air temperature decreases dramatically around all china, surface cooling is 13 ℃ averaging over whole china in July and maximum cooling is 2.. 4 ℃ , 3 ℃ cooling in January and maximum 8℃ for the 150 Tg smoke injection (equivalent to the base-line nuclear war). However, the change in temperature is unhomogeneous, implying that the rise in temperature happens over some parts of china. An averaging precipitation decrease in many of months of the experimental year. The precipitation defect is dependent on a scale of nuclear war, the deduction is 1.8mm/day averaging over china in July in the 150 Tg smoke injection, and 0.1 mm/d in January. Nevertheless, the precipitation enhancement in a few months over some regions is found. This dramatic climate change brings catastrophe to agriculture, ecology, as well as socio-economics.

关键词： nuclear winter climate simulation precipitation change.

Diagnosis of a Severe Rainstorm Event Induced by Eastly Wave and Vortex in Off Southeast Coast of china

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高原气象 2009年第5期28卷 1058-1066页

作者： ZHENG Feng1-3(1.chinese academy of {2. sciences,beijing 100081,china 2.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 2.0044,china 3.Wenzhou {2. Bureau,Wenzhou 32.02.,china) chinese academy of {2. sciences 北京 100081

Using the NCEP reanalysis at 1°×1° resolution in conjunction with satellite imagery,a study is undertaken of easterly wave related rainstorm events on August 3~4,2.01 in seaboards between northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang,expounding the scheme for computing helicity,and exploring the rainstorm evolution and the genesis of the Yandang mountains-triggered a meso-vortex(Duan and Chen,2.05) by means of helicity and Q vector ***,MM5V2.is employed to simulate the easterly wave caused meso-vorte...

关键词： Easterly wave Meso-vortex Helicity Q vector MM5 modeling

Water-vapor source shift of Xinjiang region during the recent twenty years

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第5期17卷 569-575页

作者： Dai Xingang , Li Weijing , Ma Zhuguo and Wang Ping (Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of {2., beijing 10002., china Laboratory for Climate Change, chinese meteorological administration, beijing 100081, china) [a]Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Laboratory for Climate Change chinese meteorological {2. Beijing China

The aim of this paper is to investigate the climate water-vapor sources of Xinjiang region and their shifts during the past 2. years. First, the principle and steps are roughly regulated to seek the water-vapor sources. Second, the climate stationary water-vapor transport in troposphere is calculated to distinguish where the water vapor comes from by ERA-40 reanalysis. In addition, the collocation between the transport and the atmospheric column water vapor content is analyzed. The results show that the major vapor comes from the west side of Xinjiang for mid-month of seasons, apart from July while the water vapor comes from the north or northwest direction. The water vapor sources are different for different seasons, for example, the Caspian Sea and Mediterranean are the sources in January and April, the North Atlantic and the Arctic sea in July, and the Black Sea and Caspian Sea in October, respectively. In recent ten years more water vapor above Xinjiang comes from the high latitudes and the Arctic sea with global warming, and less from Mediterranean in comparison with the case of 1973—1986. In fact, the air over subtropics becomes dry and the anomalous water vapor transport direction turns to west or southwest during 1987—2.00. By contrast, the air over middle and high latitudes is warmer and wetter than 14 years ago.

关键词： global warming water-vapor source water-vapor transport precipitable water Xinjiang climate inter-decadal change.

A preliminary analysis of physical mechanism of transformation process from a landed typhoon into an extratropical cyclone

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1992年第4期11卷 525-535页

作者： Zhang Qiuqing and Ding Yihui 1. National Research Center for Marine. Environment Forecasts, beijing 100081, china2. {2. of meteorological Science, State meteorological administration, beijing 100081, china National Research Center for Marine Environment Forecasts Beijing 100081 China China

A diagnostic study is performed in the paper on the process of typhoon Norris (1980) transforming into an ex-tratropical cyclone after its landing over Southeast china. The main findings are as follows:The changes of kinetic energy are mainly attributed to the generation due to non-divergent wind. During the early stage of the typhoon landing, there exits only a small quantity of kinetic energy exchanging with the environment. And after it is transformed into an extratropical cyclone, a large amount of kinetic energy is exported from the system toward the *** horizontal and vertical flux-divergence terms of eddy available potenlial energy are the prominent sinks in the budgets of eddy kinetic energy. The generations of eddy kinetic energy due to both the barotropic and baroclinic processes are source terms. The former is remarkable during the initial stage. But after the depression is transformed into an extratropical cyclone, the roles of the generation by the barotropic and baroclinic processes are reversed, 1. e. , the latter has become more significant than the *** heating is the most dominant heat source. The terms of vertical heat flux by cumulus and large-scale motion are the major sinks. And the latter is prominent after the system is transformed into an extratropical cycfone.

关键词： A preliminary analysis of physical mechanism of transformation process from a landed typhoon into an extratropical cyclone

Numerical simulations of the bi-level and branched structure of intracloud lightning flashes

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第6期49卷 661-672页

作者： TAN Yongbo1, TAO Shanchang1, ZHU Baoyou1, MA Ming2.& LU Weitao2.1. School of Earth and Space sciences, University of Science and Technology of china, Hefei 2.002., china 2. chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china 1. School of Earth and Space sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China 2. chinese academy of {2. sciences Beijing 100081 China

Intracloud (IC) lightning flashes have been simulated in fine resolution (12.5 m) by using a bidirectional stochastic lightning parameterization scheme within 2.dimensional domain. The simu-lated results show that the IC flashes have a bilevel channel structure and the altitudes of the hori-zontal channels are at the same heights of potential wells, which are supported by the previous VHF source observations and balloon soundings of electric field profile in the thundercloud. Further con-clusions are: (1) After an IC flash is initiated near the boundary between positve and nagetive charge zone, the negative (or positive) leader tends to propagate into the positive (or negative) charge zone. Both types of positive and negative IC flashes have been reproduced and their polarity depends on the up and down disposition of the positive and negative charge regions. (2. The extension range of leaders is correlative with the cloud charge distribution. The leader is possible to extend through the inverted charge region all over where it is extending, but keeps away from the isolated charge area of the same polarity. (3) The channel structures also depend on the electric potential distributions in the thundercloud. Before propagating into the central area of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the maximum of potential gradient. Once extending away from the center of potential wells, the leader tends to extend along the direction with the slowest potential change. (4) The IC flash channels have the fractal feature with fractal dimension 1.45 before leaders pass through the central area of charge regions. The exponent decreases rapidly once leaders extend into the low-density charge regions. (5) The induced charges of opposite polarity are deposited in the leader channels within preexisting positive and negative charge regions during IC flash discharges. This causes a new and complicated charge distribution in the thundercloud, and the potential

关键词： IC, lightning parameterization, branched bilevel structure, fractal feature, propagation tendency.