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Multiple time scale evaluation of the energy balance during the maize growing season,and a new reason for energy imbalance

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Science china Earth sciences 2009年第1期52卷 108-117页

作者： GUO JianXia1,2,BIAN LinGen3 & DAI YongJiu2 1 meteorological Observation Center of china meteorological Administration,beijing 100081,china 2 State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science,beijing Normal University,beijing 100875,china 3 chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 100081,china meteorological Observation Center of china meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science School of Geography and Remote Sensing Science Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

Energy imbalance is a common problem associated with the measurement of surface energy using the eddy covariance *** the evaluation of the energy balance,people usually pay more attention to the statistical result that the effective energy(the sum of sensible and latent heat) is systematically lower than the available energy(the difference of net radiation and ground heat flux).However,little attention has been paid to the existence of the reversed situation when the effective energy is larger than the available energy or their contribution to the overall energy closure *** this paper,based on the analysis of the energy balance on multiple time scales across the maize growth season,we conclude that the non-synchronization of energy components is the main reason for the existence of the reversed *** shifting the phase of the effective energy components half an hour ahead,the rates of energy closure over all time scales are improved and dramatically reduce the number of the half-hourly samples when the energy ratio exceeds 1 or is below *** to the characteristics of the energy distribution and transformation over multiple time scales,latent heat is always the main type of energy cost,and the residual of the energy balance increases with the growth of the maize plant surpassing the sensible heat for seventy *** is suggested that the heat storage and photosynthetic energy play an important role in the energy balance during the growing period of maize.

关键词： maize energy balance multiple time scale energy hysteresis

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Zonal propagation of kinetic energy and convection in the South china Sea and Indian monsoon regions in boreal summer

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Science china Earth sciences 2004年第12期47卷 1076-1084页

作者： CHEN Longxun 1 ,GAO Hui 2 ,HE Jinhai 2 ,TAO Shiyan 3 & JIN Zuhui 3 1.chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 100081,china 2.Nanjing Institute of Meteorology,Nanjing 210044,china 3.Institute of Atmospheric Physics,chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100029,china 1. chinese academy of meteorological sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. Nanjing Institute of Meteorology 210044 Nanjing China 3. chinese academy of sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics 100029 Beijing China

Zonal propagation of kinetic energy (KE) and convection in the South china Sea (SCS) and Indian summer monsoon areas are examined in present study. Results suggest that the SCS and Indian summer monsoon prevailed regions (5 —15°N) are dominated by the southwesterly wind, however, the disturbances of KE at 850 hPa and convection are observed mainly coming from the western Pacific Ocean (140—150°E), after passing through the SCS, and westward propagated into the Bay of Bengal (90—100°E). In the Indian summer monsoon domain, where the disturbances of KE are found mainly coming from the Arabian Sea (AS) and eastward propagated into the Bay of Bengal. Therefore, the SCS and the Indian summer mon- soon are quite different in zonal propagation of KE and convection. The SCS summer monsoon is mainly affected by the KE and convection coming from the tropical western Pacific. The Indian summer monsoon, however, can be partly influenced by the AS and the SCS summer monsoon. The analysis also suggests that the interaction region between the SCS and the Indian summer monsoon is around 90—95°E, rather than 105°E as proposed by earlier studies.

关键词： zonal propagation of KE and convection, East Asian monsoon, Indian monsoon.

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Two possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第2期49卷 202-211页

作者： LUO Zhexian2, ZHOU Xiuji1 & GAO Shouting3 1. chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china 2. Department of Space Information Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, china 3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china 2. Department of Environmental Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China 1. chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China 3. Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The vortex self-organization is investigated in this paper by four groups of numerical experiments within the framework of quasi-geostrophic model, and based on the experimental results two types of possible mechanisms for vortex self-organization are suggested. The meso-scale to-pography may enable separated vortices to merge into a larger scale vortex; and the interaction of meso-γ and meso-β scale systems may make separated vortices to self organize a typhoon-like vor-tex circulation.

关键词： vortex, self-organization, meso-scale topography, interaction of different scales.

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Simulation of 1991-2005 Meiyu seasons in the Yangtze-Huaihe region using BCC_RegCM 1.0

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第11期55卷 1077-1083页

作者： HU YaMin1,2,3& DING YiHui4 1 Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, china meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510080, china 2 Guangdong Climate Center, Guangzhou 510080, china 3 chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china 4 National Climate Center, china meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Guangzhou 510080 China Guangdong Climate Center Guangzhou 510080 China chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China National Climate Center China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

By using BCC_RegCM 1.0 (RegCM for short) from beijing Climate Center (BCC), china meteorological Administration (CMA), the Meiyu season characters over the Yangtze-Huaihe region during 1991-2005 are simulated. The major conclusions of this study may be summarized as the following: (1) RegCM can reproduce the interannual variation and the spatial distribution of the summertime precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze-Huaihe region. (2) By use of a generalized Meiyu criterion and in accordance with model-calculated precipitation and temperature, the Meiyu onset and ending date have been determined. Compared with the observation, RegCM can simulate the interannual variation of the Yangtze-Huaihe Meiyu with preferable capability for most of the normal Meiyu years (such as 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004), especially for the rich Meiyu years of 1996, 1998 and 1999. (3) In terms of the average simulation for the recent 15 years, the timings of onset and ending of Meiyu occur on June 1 and July 13, respectively, which are earlier than the climatological observation. For duration, Meiyu persists for 32 d, 3 d shorter than the observation. The index of Meiyu intensity is 2.45, while the climatological one is 3.00. Therefore, RegCM is capable of simulating the climatological Meiyu duration and intensity, while the capability of simulating the onset and ending date of Meiyu still needs to be improved.

关键词：梅雨季节模拟计算长江气候观测发病时间强度指数中国气象局空间分布

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Diagnosis of a Severe Rainstorm Event Induced by Eastly Wave and Vortex in Off Southeast Coast of china

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高原气象 2009年第5期28卷 1058-1066页

作者： ZHENG Feng1-3(1.chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 100081,china 2.Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044,china 3.Wenzhou meteorological Bureau,Wenzhou 325027,china) chinese academy of meteorological sciences 北京 100081

Using the NCEP reanalysis at 1°×1° resolution in conjunction with satellite imagery,a study is undertaken of easterly wave related rainstorm events on August 3~4,2001 in seaboards between northern Fujian and southern Zhejiang,expounding the scheme for computing helicity,and exploring the rainstorm evolution and the genesis of the Yandang mountains-triggered a meso-vortex(Duan and Chen,2005) by means of helicity and Q vector ***,MM5V2 is employed to simulate the easterly wave caused meso-vorte...

关键词： Easterly wave Meso-vortex Helicity Q vector MM5 modeling

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Advances in estimation methods of vegetation water content based on optical remote sensing techniques

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2010年第5期53卷 1159-1167页

作者： ZHANG JiaHua1,XU Yun1,YAO FengMei2,WANG PeiJuan1,GUO WenJuan1,LI Li1 & YANG LiMin3 1 chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 100081,china 2 Graduated University of chinese academy of sciences,beijing 100049,china 3 USGS/EROS Data Center,South Dakota 57198,USA 1. chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China2. Graduated University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China3. USGS/EROS Data Center South Dakota 57198 USA

Quantitative estimation of vegetation water content(VWC) using optical remote sensing techniques is helpful in forest fire as-sessment,agricultural drought monitoring and crop yield *** paper reviews the research advances of VWC retrieval using spectral reflectance,spectral water index and radiative transfer model(RTM) *** also evaluates the reli-ability of VWC estimation using spectral water index from the observation data and the *** on two main definitions of VWC-the fuel moisture content(FMC) and the equivalent water thickness(EWT),the retrieval accuracies of FMC and EWT using vegetation water indices are ***,the measured information and the dataset are used to estimate VWC,the results show there are significant correlations among three kinds of vegetation water indices(i.e.,WSI,NDⅡ,NDWI1640,WI/NDVI) and canopy FMC of winter wheat(n=45).Finally,the future development directions of VWC detection based on optical remote sensing techniques are also summarized.

关键词： optical remote sensing vegetation water content estimation method water index FMC EWT radiative transfer model

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Impact of landfalling tropical cyclones in china's Mainland

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1559-1564页

作者： ZHANG QingHong1,WEI Qing2 & CHEN LianShou3 1 Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science,School of Physics,Peking University,beijing 100871,china 2 meteorological Center,chinese meteorological Agency,beijing 100081,china 3 chinese academy of meteorological sciences,beijing 100081,china

Tropical cyclones(TCs) have a significant impact on china's *** purpose of this study is to develop an impact index which correlates with both the strong wind and heavy rainfall/flood damage caused by TCs in china's *** considering the radius of TCs,we first define the total destructiveness index(TDI) and total column water vapor index(TVI).Economic loss is used to represent the impact of landfalling *** analysis is based on 30 landfalling TCs between 2001 and 2007,and identified significant correlations between the impact of landfalling TCs and the TVI(TDI).The correlations between the impact of landfalling TCs and TVI,TDI and maximum wind speed of TCs before landfall are 0.751,0.59 and 0.345,*** study also shows that landfalling TCs with a higher TVI usually bring heavier rainfall,and result in more economic losses in china.A TC impact index is defined as a function of TVI and *** correlation between TC impact index and economic loss was found to be significant(r=0.769).Tropical storm Bilis in 2006 is classified as the landfalling TC with the highest impact index between 2001 and 2007 and Matsa,in 2005,as the second highest impact index in this same *** a system cluster analysis method,30 landfalling TCs in this study were graded into five categories according to their impact *** 5,which is the highest level,included only one TC,which constituted 4% of the total TCs *** 4 included three TCs(10%).Categories 3 and 2 included seven TCs each(23%) and Category 1 included 12 TCs(40%).

关键词： tropical cyclones impact index water vapor economic loss

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An improvement on summer regional climate simulation over East china: Importance of data assimilation of soil moisture

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chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第9期55卷 867-873页

作者： HU YaMin1,2,3, DING YiHui4 & LIAO Fei2 1 Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, china meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510080, china 2 Guangdong Climate Center, Guangzhou 510080, china 3 chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china 4 National Climate Center, china meteorological Administration, beijing 100081, china

The Newtonian relaxation is used to assimilate data from the Second Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP2) into the initial field for soil moisture in a regional climate model (i.e., BCC_RegCM 1.0, hereinafter called RegCM). The results show that different nudging parameters can improve the simulation of the air temperature and the precipitation to some extent in summertime season over East china. When the nudging intensity is 0.5 and nudging duration is 5 days, the result is desirable. Introducing the data assimilation of soil moisture into RegCM, the amelioration is not only in the spatial distribution pattern but also in the magnitude of the temperature and the precipitation. More specifically, the assimilation experiments have corrected the systematical cold bias of the air temperature and the precipitation on the low side, which is much closer to the observation compared with the control experiment. On the whole, the assimilation experiments shed light on the fact that the simulated bias in the original RegCM may be affected by the description of soil moisture in the land surface process. Therefore, the effect of soil moisture in RegCM should be paid more attention in the future.

关键词： soil moisture Newtonian relaxation data assimilation regional climate simulation

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Variational iteration solving method for El Nio phenomenon atmospheric physics of nonlinear model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第5期 39-42页

作者： MO Jiaqi1, 2 *, WANG Hui3, LIN Wantao4, LIN Yihua41. Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, china2. Division of Computional Science, E-Institute of Shanghai Universities, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai 200240, china3. chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081,china4. State Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmosheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100029, china

A class of El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation model is considered. The El Nino atmospheric physics oscillation is an abnormal phenomenon involved in the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere interactions. The conceptual oscillator model should consider the variations of both the eastern and western Pacific anomaly patterns. An El Nino atmospheric physics model is proposed using a method for the variational iteration theory. Using the variational iteration method, the approximate expansions of the solution of corresponding problem are constructed. That is, firstly, introducing a set of functional and accounting their variationals, the Lagrange multiplicators are counted, and then the variational iteration is defined, finally, the approximate solution is obtained. From approximate expansions of the solution, the zonal sea surface temperature anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific and the thermocline depth anomaly of the sea-air oscillation for El Nino atmospheric physics model can be analyzed. El Nino is a very complicated natural phenomenon. Hence basic models need to be reduced for the sea-air oscillator and are solved. The variational iteration is a simple and valid approximate method.

关键词： nonlinear variational iteration method El Nino phenomenon

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Teleconnection between the Indian summer monsoon onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley

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Science china Earth sciences 2008年第7期51卷 1021-1035页

作者： LIU YunYun1,2,3 & DING YiHui2 1 chinese academy of meteorological sciences, beijing 100081, china 2 National Climate Center, beijing 100081, china 3 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 100049, china 1. chinese academy of meteorological sciences Beijing 100081 China 2. National Climate Center Beijing 100081 China 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

Based on the Indian and chinese precipitation data and the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis circulation data, the relationship between the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset and the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley has been discussed by the methods of correlation analysis and composite analysis. The results show that the date of ISM onset over Kerala in the southwestern coast of the Indian Peninsula is about two weeks earlier than the beginning of the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley. After the outbreak of ISM, the teleconnection mode sets up from the western coast of India via the Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. It is different both in time and space from the telecon- nection mode which is from the northwest of India via the Tibetan Plateau to northern china. The for- mer mode is defined as the "south" teleconnection of the Asian summer monsoon, forming in the pe- riod of ISM onset; while the latter mode is called the "north" teleconnection, mainly occurring in the Asian monsoon culminant period. During the process of the "south" teleconnection’s formation, the Asian monsoon circulation has experienced a series of important changes: ISM onset, the northward movement of the south Asia high (SAH), the onset vortex occurrence, the eastward extension of the stronger tropical westerly belt, and the northeastward jump of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), etc. Consequently, since ISM sets up over Kerala, the whole Asian continent is covered by the upper SAH after about two weeks, while in the mid- and lower troposphere, a strong wind belt forms from the Arabian Sea via the southern India, BOB and the South china Sea (SCS), then along the western flank of WPSH, to the Yangtze River Valley and southern Japan. With the northward moving of the subtropical jet streams, the upper westerly jet stream and the low level jet have been coupled ver- tically over east Asia, while the Yangtze River Valley happens to locate in the ascending motion

关键词： Indian summer monsoon (ISM) the Meiyu over the Yangtze River Valley teleconnection mode

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