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Mechanism for calcite dissolution and its contribution to development of reservoir porosity and permeability in the Kela 2.gas field,Tarim basin,{2.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 567-578页

作者： YU BingSong1,3, DONG HailLiang2.3 & RUAN Zhuang1,3 1 State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, china University of Geosciences, beijing 100083, china 2.Department of Geology, Miami University,Oxford, OH 45056, USA 3 Geomicrobiology Laboratory, china University of Geosciences, beijing, 100083, china State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Department of Geology Miami University Oxford OH 45056 USA Geomicrobiology Laboratory China University of Geoscien

This study is undertaken to understand how calcite precipitation and dissolution contributes to depth-related changes in porosity and permeability of gas-bearing sandstone reservoirs in the Kela 2.gas field of the Tarim basin, Northwestern {2.. Sandstone samples and pore water samples are col-lected from well KL2.1 in the Tarim basin. Vertical profiles of porosity, permeability, pore water chem-istry, and the relative volume abundance of calcite/dolomite are constructed from 3600 to 4000 m below the ground surface within major oil and gas reservoir rocks. Porosity and permeability values are in-versely correlated with the calcite abundance, indicating that calcite dissolution and precipitation may be controlling porosity and permeability of the reservoir rocks. Pore water chemistry exhibits a sys-tematic variation from the Na2.O4 type at the shallow depth (3600-3630 m), to the NaHCO3 type at the intermediate depth (3630―3695 m),and to the CaCl2.type at the greater depth (372.―3938 m). The geochemical factors that control the calcite solubility include pH, temperature, pressure, Ca2. concen-tration, the total inorganic carbon concentration (ΣCO2., and the type of pore water. Thermodynamic phase equilibrium and mass conservation laws are applied to calculate the calcite saturation state as a function of a few key parameters. The model calculation illustrates that the calcite solubility is strongly dependent on the chemical composition of pore water, mainly the concentration difference between the total dissolved inorganic carbon and dissolved calcium concentration (i.e., [ΣCO2. -[Ca2.]). In the Na2.O4 water at the shallow depth, this index is close to 0, pore water is near the calcite solubility. Calcite does not dissolve or precipitate in significant quantities. In the NaHCO3 water at the intermedi-ate depth, this index is greater than 0, and pore water is supersaturated with respect to calcite. Massive calcite precipitation was observed at this depth interval and

关键词： calcite dissolution porosity thermodynamic Tarim basin

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The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos basin,{2.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2.,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,{2. 100083,china 2.Exploration and Development Research Institute of Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 71002.,china 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,china University of Miningand Technology,{2. 100083,china Petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Co Explorat & Dev Res Inst Xian 710021 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Key Lab Coal Resources Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

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reservoir differences and formation mechanisms in the Ke-Bai overthrust belt,northwestern margin of the Junggar basin,{2.

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 40-48页

作者： Zhu Xiaomin Zhu Shifa Xian Benzhong Chen Shuping Kuang Lichun Xue Xinke Xue Jingjing You Xincai State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Faculty of Geoscience China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development Xinjiang Oilfield Company CNPC Karamay Xinjiang 834000 China

There are some differences in reservoir quality of clastic rock between the hanging wall and the foot wall of the Ke-Bai overthrust belt, northwestern margin of the Junggar basin, western {2., which affect the efficient petroleum exploration in this highly mature exploration area. Based on a large number of thin-sections, cast thin-sections, and physical property analysis of cores, we systematically discuss the Permian-Jurassic reservoir differences between the hanging wall and the foot wall of the Ke- Bai overthrust fault from the aspects of structural evolution, time-space distribution of the depositional system, diagenesis characteristics, and reservoir quality and analyzed the reasons for the differences in reservoir properties. The overthrusting of the Ke-Bai fault directly results in different burial histories, diagenesis evolution, and porosity evolution between the hanging wall and the foot wall. The diflbrences of reservoir characteristics are mainly embodied in buried depth, grain size, sedimentary facies, diagenetic stage, and reservoir quality. The analysis results showed that burial history and depositional characteristics controlled by overthrusting are direct influencing factors of reservoir differences. Because of shallow burial depth of the hanging wall, the reservoir compaction is weak and primary pores are preserved well. The porosity of reservoir on the hanging wall is generally 10%-2.%. The strata on the foot wall are deeply buried, and there are mainly mixed pores with the average porosity of 5%-2.%. The favorable reservoir on the foot wall is generally developed near faults or in the channel sand bodies, which are usually dissolution development areas.

关键词： Junggar basin overthrust belt reservoir differences formation mechanism

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Primary migration and secondary alteration of the Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir in Ordos basin,{2.―Application of fluid inclusion gases

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 165-173页

作者： GONG Se 1,2.,PENG PingAn 1 ,SHUAI YanHua 3 ,DAI JinXing 3 &ZHANG WenZheng 4 1 Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2.Common Wealth Scientific and Research Organization,petroleum Resources,PO Box 136,North Ryde,New South Wales,1670,Australia 3 Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china 4 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Changqing petroleum Corporation,Xi’an 71002.,china Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Common Wealth Scientific and Research Organization Petroleum Resources PO Box 136 North Ryde New South Wales 1670 Australia Research Institute

The composition of fluid inclusions(FI)often represents the initial geochemical characteristics of palaeo-fluid in reservoir *** on composition and carbon isotopic composition of gas during primary migration,reservoir-forming and subsequent secondary alterations are discussed through comparing fluid inclusion gas with coal-formed gas and natural gas in present gas reservoirs in the Ordos *** results show that primary migration of gas has significant effect on the molecular but not on the carbon isotopic composition of *** and diffusion fractionation took place during the secondary migration of gas in Upper Paleozoic gas reservoir according to carbon isotopic composition of methane in *** and carbon isotopic composition of natural gas were nearly unchanged after the gas reservoir forming through comparing the FI gases with the natural gas in present gas reservoir.

关键词： secondary alteration fluid inclusion carbon isotope Ordos basin

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Kinetics of hydrocarbon generation for Well Yingnan 2.gas reservoir,Tarim basin,{2.

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 107-114页

作者： XIAO ZhongYao 1,2.,XIAO XianMing 3 ,MA DeMing 4 ,LU YuHong 2.&YANG ChaoShi 2.1 china University of Mining&Technology,beijing 100083,china 2.Research Institutes of Exploration and Development,Tarim Oilfield Company,Petrochina,Korla 841000,china 3 Guangzhou Institutes of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 4 Department of Synthetic Physical-Chemical Prospecting,BGP,Zhuozhou 072.56,china china Univ Min & Technol Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Petrochina Tarim Oilfield Co Res Inst Explorat & Dev Korla 841000 Peoples R China Chinese Acad Sci Guangzhou Inst Geochem Guangzhou 510640 Peoples R China BGP Dept Synthet Phys Chem Prospecting Zhuozhou 072656 Peoples R China

Well Yingnan 2.an important exploratory well in the east of Tarim basin,yields high commercial oil and gas flow in *** gas components and carbon isotopic composition indicate that it belongs to sapropel type *** this region presents many suits of hydrocarbon source rocks,there are some controversies that natural gases were generated from kerogen gas or crude oil cracking gas at *** using the kinetics of hydrocarbon generation and carbon isotope,natural gas of Well Yingnan 2.is composed mainly of crude oil cracking gas,about 72.,it is generated from secondary kerogen gas of Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rock and crude oil cracking gas of Mid-Upper Ordovician oil *** main oil and gas filling time is 65 Ma later in the Jurassic gas reservoir of Well Yingnan 2.so the gas reservoir belongs to late accumulation and continuous filling type.

关键词： kinetic migration and accumulation process crude oil cracking gas Well Yingnan 2 Tarim basin

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Mn content of reservoir calcite cement: A novel inorganic geotracer of secondary petroleum migration in the tectonically complex Junggar {2. (NW china)

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Science china Earth Sciences 2007年第12期50卷 1796-1809页

作者： CAO Jian1,HU WenXuan1,YAO SuPing1,ZHANG YiJie2.WANG XuLong3,ZHANG YueQian3,TANG Yong3 & SHI XinPu3 1 State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research,Department of Earth Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 2.0093,china 2.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina,{2. 100083,china 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Petrochina Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 834000,china 1. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China 3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company Karamay 834000 China

Electronic probe microanalysis(EPMA) results of reservoir calcite cement from fourteen core samples in the Junggar basin show that Mn-content varies largely between different samples from below the detect limitation to 4.14%,while it displays a generally good correlation with oil-gas ***,therefore,likely indicates that concentration of the Mn-content of the calcite cement has a close rela-tion to the intensity of {2. fluid charging during hydrocarbon secondary *** order to assess this hypothesis,oxygen and strontium isotopic measurements on sixteen calcite veins host in source sequences were carried out to investigate the feature of the oil-source {2. *** results imply that during hydrocarbon generation and migration,deep hot fluid has dissolved volcanic minerals interlined between mudstone source *** Mn is a kind of typical trace element enriched in volcanic rocks,it is reasonable to conclude that the {2. fluid formed in the source sequences would be ***,calcite cements precipitated from such Mn-rich {2. fluid would be Mn-rich *** to the geologic chromatographic effect during migration along reservoir rocks,the decreasing of the Mn-content of the reservoir calcite cements indicates the migration ***,this novel geotracer was further successfully applied in the study of hydrocarbon migration in the Junggar basin in combination with organic geochemical analyses during the hydrocarbon *** Mn content of the reservoir calcite cement appears promising as a novel inorganic geotracer for the {2. *** paper represents a search for novel indicators of secondary {2. migration in tectonically complex basins based on fundamentals of the reservoir fluid-rock interactions.

关键词： petroleum migration, inorganic geochemistry, water-rock interaction, reservoir calcite cement, the Junggar basin

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Origin and controlling factors of chlorite coatings—an example from the reservoir of T_3x Group of the Baojie area,Sichuan basin,{2.

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petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 376-382页

作者： Peng Jun1,Liu Jinku2.Wang Yan2.and Liu Jianfeng2.1 Scientific Research Department,Southwest petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,china 2.Graduate School,Southwest petroleum University,Chengdu,Sichuan 610500,china Scientific Research Department Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China Graduate School Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan China

The study of the chlorite coatings always attracts scholars in china and other countries because the chlorite coatings play an important role in the preservation of residual primary pores in sandstone *** present,the study of the origin and the controlling factors is relatively *** occurrence,time of formation,genesis,controlling factors,and the mechanism of chlorite coatings inhibiting quartz overgrowths were studied in detail with thin section and SEM *** were from the sandstone reservoirs of the T3x Group in the Baojie area,the transitional zone from the middle to the south of Sichuan *** results indicate that the chlorite coatings on the walls of the pore spaces are oriented perpendicular to grain surfaces in the form of isopachous(even-thickness) grain-coating,while the chlorite coatings at the contacts between adjacent detrital grains are arranged with a preferred orientation tangential to the surface of detrital *** chlorite coatings were formed in the eogenetic *** were formed by recrystallization of Fe-rich clay films during the syndepositional period,and chlorite cements would be recrystallized after the coatings’ *** formation of chlorite coatings was mainly controlled by the depositional environment,provenance conditions,and diagenetic *** presence of chlorite coatings could result in the preservation of primary pores in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs by effectively inhibiting quartz overgrowths and the development of compaction and pressure solution.

关键词： Chlorite coatings occurrence time of formation origin controlling factor quartz overgrowths T3x Group

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Controls on reservoir quality in the paleogene Kalatar Formation of the southwestern region of the Tarim basin,{2.

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petroleum Science 2011年第3期8卷 302-315页

作者： Yang Haijun Shen Jian-Wei Wang Xu Zhang Lijuan Li Meng Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology of CAS South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Exploration and Development Research Institute Tarim Oilfield Company Petroleum Company Limited Korla 841000 China Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The Paleogene Kalatar Formation is a main target for petroleum ex12. ploration in the southwestern region of the Tarim {2. （SWRTB） and a systematical summary of controls on reservoirs of high quality has important implications for this area. According to outcrop analysis, as well as core, and laboratory experiments based on theories of sedimentology, it can be inferred that the main pore types in the Kalatar Formation are moldic, vuggy, intercrystalline and interparticle pores, fractures, and mudstone microporosity, respectively. The foreshore in the shore-shelf depositional model is the most favorable target, wherein grainstone and dolomitized grainstone are characterized by high quality in a middle ramp subfacies of the carbonate ramp model. Diagenetic factors, such as micritization, cementation, compaction, neomorphism, silicification, and pyritization, are detrimental for reservoirs. At the same time, leaching and dolomitization can improve the quality of reservoirs. Permeability of reservoirs can be greatly improved by fractures, through which quality of reservoirs can be effectively enhanced. Concentration of CO2. temperature, and humidity are affected by changes in climate, which can have an influence on depositional setting, composition and diagenesis of sediments, and eventually the properties of reservoirs. The hot and arid climate of the Paleogene was harmful to development of reservoirs, which is demonstrated in the contemporaneous diagenetic and epigenetic stages. Shallow and deep-burial diagenesis are closely related to the formation and the connate water, however these are rarely affected by paleo-climatic variation. There is possible erosion that mainly resulted from organic acid in relative well intervals according to indications of hydrocarbons in the early diagenetic stage. Fracture systems can be established when acidic fluids are ernplaced during periods of uplift, by which pores can be effectively enlarged during the late diagenetic stages.

关键词： Kalatar Formation sedimentary facies diagenesis dolomitization fractures climaticconditions Tarirn basin

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Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2.3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC,china petroleum University,{2.,china 2.basin & reservoir Research center,china petroleum University,{2.,china 3 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,{2.,china 4 Research center of CNOOC,beijing 10002.,china 1. Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 3. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. basin & reservoir Research {2. China Petroleum University Beijing 102249 China 4. Research center of CNOOC Beijing 100027 China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

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Multi-level decollement zones and detachment deformation of Longmenshan thrust belt,Sichuan basin,southwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 32-43页

作者： TANG LiangJie1,2.3,YANG KeMing4,JIN WenZheng1,2.3,L ZhiZhou4 & YU YiXin1,2.3 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china 2.Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,china University of petroleum,Ministry of Education,beijing 102.4.,china 3 basin and reservoir Research center,china University of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china 4 Southwest Division Company,SINOPEC,Chengdu 610081,china 1. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 2. Key Laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China 3. basin and reservoir Research {2. China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China 4. Southwest Division Company SINOPEC Chengdu 610081 China

As is well known that many decollement layers were developed in the Longmenshan thrust belt,Si-chuan basin,china. Through field investigation,explanation of seismic profiles and analysis of the balanced sections,we can divide the decollement zones into 3 categories: (1) the deep level decolle-ment zones,including the crust-mantle decollement layer,intracrustal decollement layer,and presinian basal decollement layer. The main structural styles of their deformation are the crust-mantle decoup-ling detachment deformation,the basal ductile shear deformation,etc.; (2. the middle level decollement zones,including the Cambrian-Ordovician decollement layer,the Silurian decollement layer,etc.,the main structural styles of their deformation are the isopachous fold,the angular fold,the saddle struc-ture,and the combination styles of them; and (3) the shallow level decollement zones,including the Xujiahe Formation decollement layer of Upper Triassic and the Jurassic decollement layers,the main structural styles of their deformation are the thrust-nappe tectonic,the pop-up,the triangle zone ,the duplex,etc. Multi-level decollement zones not only made the Longmenshan thrust belt develop many different deformation styles from deep place to shallow place,but also made some local areas have the superimposition of the tectonic deformation apparently. This study indicates that the multi-level de-collement zones have a very important effect on the shaping and evolution of the Longmenshan thrust belt.

关键词： decollement layer structural styles multi-level decollement zones Longmenshan thrust belt

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