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Distribution and Significance of Methyl Steranes in Bohai Bay basin, East china

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Journal of china university of Geosciences 2002年第4期13卷 330-337页

作者： Li Sumei basin & reservoir research center, university of petroleum, beijing 102249 basin & reservoir research center University of Petroleum Beijing 102249

31 samples of shales and mudstones developed in reducing hypersaline andfreshwater setting and 20 oil samples of Bamianhe oilfield, Bohai Bay basin were collected for adetailed study of petroleum system. Composition and distribution, especially significance ofsteroids, are discussed as a part of those. Abundant steroidal biomarkers, including C_(27-29)regular Steranes, C_(28-30) 4-methyl steranes, di-nosteranes and aromatic steranes, were *** show that the composition and distribution of the steroids in samples studied are functionsof thermal maturity, organic source, paleoenvironment and lithology of potential source ***-rich Es_4 shales (brackish water) developed in the south slope of depocenter (Niuzhuang sag)were found particularly rich in steroidal biomarkers including C_(30) 4-methyl steranes anddinosteranes. Es_3 mudstones (fresh water) were found devoid of dinosteranes. Distribution patternsof regular steranes are completely different from methyl steranes indicating different origins ofthe specific compounds of the fractioa Diagnostic distribution of steranes in rock extracts ofdiverse intervals makes the compounds to be essential indictors of source-rock tracing. Methylsteranes prove to be much more useful in oil-source rock correlation than regular steranes. Resultsalso show that alga-rich Es_4 shales located in the south slope are not likely the primary sourcerock responsible for the oils discovered based on the composition and distribution of steroids.

关键词： biomarkers lacustrine sediments 4-methyl steranes dinosterane immature oils isom-erization oil-source correlation bohai bay basin

Experimental study on interaction between simulated sandstone and acidic fluid

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petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 8-16页

作者： Zhang Yongwang Zeng Jianhui Yu Bingsong State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoir research center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

In order to investigate the controlling mechanism of temperature, fluid and other factors on water-rock interaction in the diagenetic process, we performed a series of simulated experiments on the interaction between two kinds of fluids with different salinity and a composite mineral system （simulated sandstone）, which contains albite, K-feldspar and other minerals. The experimental results showed that acidity was the most important factor that affected the dissolution of minerals in the composite mineral system. The lower the pH value, the more easily the minerals dissolved. At the same pH value, the dissolution abilities of different acids for various mineral components were also different. Compared to hydrochloric acid （inorganic acid）, oxalic acid （organic acid） was more able to dissolve aluminosilicate minerals. However, the dissolution ability of oxalic acid for carbonate minerals was lower than that of hydrochloric acid. In the process of fluid-rock interaction, dissolution of feldspar was relatively complicated. Increase of temperature would accelerate the dissolution of feldspar. Under acidic conditions, albite had a higher dissolution rate than K-feldspar. K-feldspar could dissolve and convert into montmorillonite and kaolinite, while albite could dissolve and convert into kaolinite both at 40℃ and 80℃. Presence of organic acid, and decrease of pH value and water salinity were all favorable for the dissolution of feldspar, but weakened the ability to form clay minerals.

关键词： Fluid simulated sandstone dissolution static experiment

Propagation characteristics of converted refracted wave and its application in static correction of converted wave

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 226-232页

作者： LIU Yang1,2 & WEI XiuCheng3 1 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 CNPC Geophysical Exploration Key Laboratory,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 Exploration and Production research Institute,SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr CNPC Geophys Explorat Key Lab Beijing 102249 Peoples R China SINOPEC Explorat & Prod Res Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Three-component seismic exploration through P-wave source and three-component geophone is an effective technique used in complicated reservoir exploration. In three-component seismic exploration data processing,one of the difficulties is static correction of converted wave. This paper analyzes propagation characteristics of non-converted and converted refracted waves,and discovers a favor-able condition for the formation of converted refracted wave,i.e. the velocity of overlaying medium S wave is much lower than that of underlying medium S wave. In addition,the paper proposes the static correction method of converted wave based on PPS converted refracted wave,and processes the real three-component seismic data with better results of static correction of converted wave.

关键词： PPS converted refracted wave converted wave static correction

Reply to ‘Calculation of depth to detachment and its significance in the Kuqa Depression:A discussion’

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petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 21-23页

作者： Yu Yixin Tang Liangjie He Chunbo Chen Xuyun State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin ＆ Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

This paper mainly replies to the discussion by Li et al （2009） on the calculation of the detachment depths in the Kuqa Depression. We think that viscous material flowing into or out of the cross section can affect the validity of the calculation method, yet the number of detachment levels does not bring any drawbacks to the calculation. In the Kuqa Depression, the salt flow influenced the structural deformation to some extent, and affected slightly the accuracy of the calculated depths of the true detachment levels. However, it does not mean that the calculation method loses effectiveness in the study area. Therefore, the calculation results are still relatively believable.

关键词： Excess area detachment level reply discussion Kuqa Depression

Characteristics and genetic mechanism of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 11-19页

作者： ZHONG DaKang & ZHU XiaoMin china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 1. china university of petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Systematic researches to the clastic reservoirs in various types and various geological ages basins in china indicate that the present burial depth of deep buried clastic eureservoir ranges from 3000 to 6000 m,and its geological ages from Paleozoic,Mesozoic to Cenozoic. It mainly deposited in delta (including braid delta,fan delta,normal delta),river,also shore,shallow lake,gravity flow channel and turbidity fan facies. The quartzose sandstone is the main reservoir rock of deep-buried clastic eureservoir in the shore facies in Paleozoic,but the arenite and arkose sandstones are the main reservoir rock types in delta,river,shallow lake and gravity flow facies in Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The porosity of most of deep-buried clastic eureservoir is more than 10% and permeability more than 10×10?3 μm2. The forma-tion of the deep-buried eureservoir was related to the paleotectonics,paleotemperature,sedimentary environment,the deep dissolution caused by organic acid or carbonic acid,burial style,the abnormal high pore fluid pressure,early hydrocarbon charging,gyprock sealing,hot convective fluid flow and the mode of sand-mud interbedded,etc. The paleotectonics controls the burial style of sandstones,and the paleotemperature controls the diagenesis process. The sedimentary environment is the precondi-tion and foundation,the dissolution is the direct reason to generate the deep buried clastic eureservoir. The abnormal high pore fluid pressure,gyprock sealing,the mode of sand-mud interbedded,early hy-drocarbon charging and the structure fractures were the assistant factors of generating the deep buried clastic eureservoir.

关键词： deep buried clastic eureservoir characteristics genetic mechanism controlling factors

Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU LuoFu1,2,WANG XianDong3,ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2 1 basin and reservoir research center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 2 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing 163712,china 4 petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china china Univ Petr Basin & Reservoir Res Ctr Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petr Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd Res Inst Explorat & Dev Daqing 163712 Peoples R China SINOPEC Petr Explorat & Prod Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The evolution of Tarim basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.30×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim basin.

关键词： Tarim basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

Formation mechanisms of heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Depression,Bohai Gulf basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 156-169页

作者： LI SuMei1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU KeYu3,GAO XianZhi1,2,LI XiaoGuang4,CHEN ZhenYan4 & LIU BaoHong41 State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china university of Petroleam,beijing 102249,china 2 basin and reservoir research center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102249,china 3 CSIRO petroleum,P.O. Box 1130,Bentley WA 6102,Australia 4 Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd,Petrochina,Panjin 124010,china 1. State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleam Beijing 102249 China2. Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China3. CSIRO Petroleum P.O. Box 1130 Bentley WA 6102 Australia4. Liaohe Oilfield Co. Ltd PetroChina Panjin 124010 China

The Liaohe Oilfield in the Liaohe Western Depression of the Bohai Gulf basin is the third-largest oil producing province and the largest heavy oil producing oilfield in china. A total of 65 oil samples,35 rock samples and 36 reservoir sandstone samples were collected and analyzed utilizing conventional geochemical and biogeochemical approaches to unravel the mechanisms of the formation of the heavy oils. Investigation of the oils with the lowest maturity compared with the oils in the Gaosheng and Niuxintuo oilfields indicates no apparent relation between the maturity and physical properties of the heavy oils. It is suggested that the heavy oil with primary origin is not likely the main mechanism re-sponsible for the majority of the heavy oils in the Liaohe Western Slope. The absence and/or depletion of n-alkanes etc.,with relatively low molecular weight and the occurrence of 25-norhopane series in the heavy oils as well as the relatively high acidity of the oils all suggest that the majority of the heavy oils once experienced secondary alteration. The fingerprints of the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) of the inner adsorbed hydrocarbons on the reservoir grains and the included hydrocarbons in fluid inclusions are similar to that of the normal oils in the area but are different from the outer adsorbed and reser-voired free oils at present,further indicating that most of the heavy oils are secondary in origin. Analyses of bacteria (microbes) in 7 oil samples indicate that anaerobic and hyperthermophilic Ar-chaeoglobus sp. are the dominant microbes relevant to oil biodegradation,which coincides with the shallow commercial gas reservoirs containing anaerobic bacteria derived gas in the Gaosheng and Leijia teotonic belts. The biodegradation most likely occurs at the water/oil interface,where the forma-tion water is essential for microbe removal and nutrient transportation. We think that biodegradation,water washing and oxidization are interrelated and are the main mech

关键词： heavy oil Liaohe Western Depression biodegradation water washing formation mechanism

A method of identifying effective source rocks and its application in the Bozhong Depression,Bohai Sea,china

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 458-465页

作者： Jiang Fujie Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Zhou Xiaohui basin and reservoir research center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resource and Prospecting Beijing 102249 China research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

research on effective source rocks directly affects the accuracy of identifying hydrocarbon resources, and indirectly affects the exploration decisions in petroliferous basins. Although the previous evaluation methods of effective source rocks vary relatively widely, a complete quantitative evaluation approach has not yet been developed. For that reason, we redefined the concept of effective source rocks based on the existing research results. Surrounding this definition, and guided by the hydrocarbon expulsion theory, the quantitative model called ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is established to predict effective source rocks. Its application in the Bozhong Depression indicates that among the four sets source rocks in the Bozhong Depression, the Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 3 ） has the largest effective source rock thickness, and the Member 1 Member 2 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 1＋2 ） is the second largest .The effective part of dark mudstone is only 30%-80% of the total volume and with the increase of buried depth and improvement of quality, the effective part increases. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is a practical technique for effective source rock prediction.

关键词： Source rock effectiveness hydrocarbon expulsion threshold Bozhong Depression Bohai Sea

A hydrocarbon enrichment model and prediction of favorable accumulation areas in complicated superimposed basins in china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 10-19页

作者： Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Jiang Zhenxue Liu Luofu Lu Xiuxiang State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China basin and reservoir research center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The geologic conditions of superimposed basins in china are very complicated. This is mainly shown by multi-phase structural evolution, multiple sets of source-reservoir-cap rock combinations, multiple stages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from source rocks, multi-cycle hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation, and multi-phase reservoir adjustment and reconstruction. The enrichment, accumulation and distribution of hydrocarbon is mainly controlled by the source rock kitchen, paleo- anticline, regional cap rock and intensity of tectonic movement. In this paper, the T-BCMS model has been developed to predict favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation in complicated superimposed basins according to time and spatial relationships among five key factors. The five factors include unconformity surface representing tectonic balancing （B）, regional cap rock representing hydrocarbon protection （C）, paleo-anticline representing hydrocarbon migration and accumulation （M）, source rock kitchen representing hydrocarbon generation and expulsion （S） and geological time （T）. There are three necessary conditions to form favorable areas of hydrocarbon accumulation. First, four key factors BCMS should be strictly in the order of BCMS from top to bottom. Second, superimposition of four key factors BCMS in the same area is the most favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. Third, vertically ordered combination and superimposition in the same area of BCMS should occur at the same geological time. The model has been used to predict the most favorable exploration areas in Ordovician in the Tarim basin in the main hydrocarbon accumulation periods. The result shows that 95% of the discovered Ordovician hydrocarbon reservoirs are located in the predicted areas, which indicates the feasibility and reliability of the key factor matching T-BCMS model for hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.

关键词： Complicated superimposed basin key factor matching T-BCMS model favorable area for hydrocarbon accumulation hydrocarbon distribution prediction