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The mathematical model of wetting angle of heterogeneous nucleation

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2004年第4期47卷 391-397页

作者： HUANG Cheng1, SONG Bo1, MAO Jinghong2.& ZHAO Pei3 1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, university of Science and Technology beijing, beijing 100083, china 2. School of Material Science, university of Science and Technology beijing, beijing 100083, china 3. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, beijing 100081, china 1. School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China 2. School of Material Science University of Science and Technology Beijing 100083 Beijing China 3. Central Iron and Steel Research Institute 100081 Beijing China

The heterogeneous nucleation has been analyzed in terms of the thermodynamic theory, and the mathematical model of wetting angle of heterogeneous nucleation has been developed based on the dynamic requirements of hetero- and homogeneous nucleation. With the wetting angel model, the wetting angles of different catalysts in liquid iron have been calculated. The result shows that the wetting angle of most catalysts is smaller than 40, and the value of f() is far less than 1. The wetting angles of TiN, TiC and RE2.3 are smaller, while the wetting angle of MnO is bigger among the ordinary nucleation catalysts. The wetting angles calculated by this model are in agreement with the results of other research work.

关键词： heterogeneous nucleation, mathematical model, wetting angle, undercooling.

Restoration of eroded stratal thickness in key periods of tectonic change in a multi-stage superimposed Tarim Basin in china

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第2期1卷 149-171页

作者： Liu Hao1, Wang Yingmin2.1. School of Marine Sciences, china university of {2.sciences (beijing), beijing 100083, china 2. School of {2.sciences, china university of petroleum (beijing), beijing 102.49, china School of Marine Sciences China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China School of geosciences China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Beijing 102249 China

With an area of 56×104km2. the Tarim Basin is the largest inland basin in china and is also generally acknowledged as one of the most important areas for potential oil and gas exploration. On the basis of data from 2. regional seismic profiles and 40 drilling wells, 15 important first-order and second-order regional unconformities were *** all the main unconformities are superimposed unconfomities. Since the Cambrian, 5 key periods of tectonic change have occurred during the evolution of the Tarim Basin. The total eroded stratal thickness of the above-mentioned unconformities was calculated by using the method of virtual extrapolation of seismic reflection. The results indicate that the total eroded stratal thickness of different periods is quite different in different locations of the basin. Taking the Upper-Middle Ordovician as an example, its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual stages i.e. its thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated to different tectonic periods. Otherwise, as for the specific period of tectonic change, the underlying strata were, respectively eroded and thus the thickness restoration of eroded strata was calculated into individual intervals. Taking the Early Hercynian period as an example, the eroded stratal thickness was calculated into individual intervals to calculate the ratio of intervals of various ages occupying the total eroded thickness. The results show that for the same stratum, its degree of erosion is quite different in different periods and at different locations, due to the varying influence of tectonic movement. The unconformities of some key periods of tectonic change have different controls on the degree of erosion and the eroded range of the individual period of the underlying strata which are the typical characteristics of multi-stage superimposition of unconformities in the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin extrapolation of virtual surface key period of tectonic change superimposed unconformity restoration of eroded stratal thickness

Experimental study of the movement of control fluid in compound perforation

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petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 389-394页

作者： Zhao Xu Liu Gonghui Li Jun Ding Qingxin Key Laboratory of petroleum Engineering Ministry of EducationChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China beijing Union university Beijing 100010China School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China

The interaction between the high pressure gas and the control fluid and the movement mechanism of the control fluid in compound perforation were studied by a series of large-scale experiments, where the movement behavior of the control fluid was observed. The curves of measured pressure were analyzed, a mathematical model for the rigid movement of the control fluid was established, and the movement velocity of control fluid was analyzed. Moreover, the velocity from experimental results and velocity from an analytical solution were contrasted. The movement of the control fluid in the initial stage was similar to the rigid movement; however, the propagation of the pressure wave in the control fluid should be taken into account. Experimental results are significant for research on the movement mechanism of control fluid in compound perforation.

关键词： Compound perforation experimental study control fluid gas and liquid interaction mathematical model

Gas-water stratified flow patterns from electromagnetic tomography

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petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 254-258页

作者： Wang Xiaoxing Wu Xiling School of resources and information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Because of gravitational differentiation of multi-phase fluids, gas-water flow is usually stratified in highly inclined or horizontal gas wells. By using electrode arrays to scan flowing fluids, electromagnetic tomography can identify the flow patterns of mixed fluid from the different electrical properties of gas and water. The responses for different gas-water interface locations were calculated and then physical measurements were undertaken. We compared the results of the numerical simulation with the experimental data, and found that the response characteristics were consistent in the circumstances of uniform physical fields and stratified flows. By analyzing the signal characteristics, it is found that, with the change of the interface location, the response curves showed ＂steps＂ whose position and width were decided by the location of fluid interface. The measurement accuracy of this method depended on the vertical distance between adjacent electrodes. The results showed that computer simulation can simulate the measurement of the electromagnetic tomography accurately, so the physical experiment can be replaced.

关键词： Electromagnetic tomography stratified flow gas-water numerical simulation physical experiment

Implementation of a multiple round quantum dense coding using nuclear magnetic resonance

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第6期48卷 706-715页

作者： ZHANG Jingfu1, XIE Jingyi2. WANG Chuan1, DENG Zhiwei3, LU Zhiheng4, & LONG Guilu1,5 1. Key Laboratory For Quantum information and Measurements of MOE, Department of Physics, Tsinghua university, {2. 100084,china 2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, {2. Normal university, {2. 100875, china 3. Testing and Analytical Center, {2. Normal university, {2. 100875,china 4. Department of Physics, {2. Normal university, {2. 100875, china 5. Key Laboratory For atomic and Molecular Nanosciences, Tsinghua university, {2. 100084,china 1. Key Laboratory For Quantum information and Measurements of MOE Department of Physics Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China 2. Department of Materials science and Engineering Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 3. Testing and Analytical Center Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 4. Department of Physics Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 5. Key Laboratory For Atomic and Molecular Nanosciences Tsinghua University 100084 Beijing China

A multiple round quantum dense coding scheme based on the quantum phase estimation algorithm is proposed and implemented in a three qubit nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer. Using an m + 1 qubit system, Bob can transmit one of 2.+1 messages to Alice, through manipulating only one qubit and exchanging it between Alice and Bob for m rounds. The information capacity is enhanced to m + 1 bits as compared to m bits in a classical scheme. The scheme has been demonstrated in NMR system, and the experimental results show a good agreement between theory and experiment.

关键词： quantum dense coding, multiple round, nuclear magnetic resorance

Some basic concepts and problems on the petrogenesis of intra-plate ocean island basalts

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第22期54卷 4148-4160页

作者： NIU Yaoling1,2.3 1 Department of Earth Sciences, Durham university, Durham DH1 3LE, UK 2.School of Earth Sciences and resources, {2. university of geosciences, beijing 100083, {2. 3 School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking university, beijing 100871, {2. Department of Earth Sciences Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK School of Earth Sciences and resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Basaltic magmatism that builds intra-plate ocean islands is often considered to be genetically associated with "hotspots" or "mantle plumes". While there have been many discussions on why ocean island basalts (OIB) are geochemically highly enriched as an integral part of the mantle plume hypothesis, our current understanding on the origin of OIB source material remains unsatisfactory, and some prevailing ideas need revision. One of the most popular views states that OIB source material is recycled oceanic crust (ROC). Among many problems with the ROC model, the ocean crust is simply too depleted (e.g., [La/Sm]PM > 1) OIB. Another popular view states that the enriched component of OIB comes from recycled continental crust (RCC, i.e.; terrigenous sediments). While both CC and OIB are enriched in many incompatible elements (e.g., both have [La/Sm]PM >>1), the CC has characteristic enrichment in Pb and deletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. Such signature is too strong to be eliminated such that CC is unsuitable as source material for OIB. Plate tectonics and mantle circulation permit the presence of ROC and RCC materials in mantle source regions of basalts, but they must be volumetrically insignificant in contributing to basalt magmatism. The observation that OIB are not only enriched in incompatible elements, but also enriched in the progressively more incompatible elements indicates that the enriched component of OIB is of magmatic origin and most likely associated with low-degree melt metasomatism. H2. and CO2.rich incipient melt may form in the seismic low velocity zone (LVZ). This melt will rise because of buoyancy and concentrate into a melt rich layer atop the LVZ to metasomatize the growing lithosphere, forming the metasomatic vein lithologies. Erupted OIB melts may have three components: (1) fertile OIB source material from depth that is dominant, (2. the melt layer, and (3) assimilation of the metasomatic

关键词：岩石成因论海洋 OIB 矿物学

PDMS prism-glass optical coupling for surface plasmon resonance sensors based on MEMS technology

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Science china(information Sciences) 2010年第10期53卷 2144-2158页

作者： GENG ZhaoXin 1,2., LI Qing 3 , WANG Wei 1 & LI ZhiHong 1 1 Institute of Microelectronics, Peking university, beijing 100871, {2. 2.School of information engineering, Minzu university of {2., beijing 100081, {2. 3 School of Sciences, Changchun university of Science and Technology, Changchun 130000, {2. 1. Institute of Microelectronics Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. School of Information engineering Minzu University of China Beijing 100081 China3. School of Sciences Changchun University of Science and Technology Changchun 130000 China

A miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip has been developed for biomedical and chem-ical analysis with low cost and high performance. The techniques of bulk silicon micromachining and polymer replication were used to fabricate the Kretschmann SPR sensor composed of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) prism, a coupling glass and microchannels. The plasmon properties of thin metal films were investigated theoret-ically based on Fresnel analysis, with optical boundary conditions pertaining to the surface plasmon resonance at the gold/water and gold/air interfaces. The theoretical results show that difference in the refractive index (RI) between the PDMS prism and the coupling glass layer affect the precision of the SPR angle and the SPR curve. Meanwhile, the period of the interference fringe attaching on the SPR curve increases with an increase in wavelength and a decrease in the refractive index of the coupling glass layer. The gold thickness of 50 nm is required while employing a fixed incident wavelength of 650 nm, to achieve optimum SPR excitation conditions and the sensor sensitivity. The characteristics of this SPR sensor were evaluated in the angular interrogation mode of employing the incident wavelength of 650 nm in air and water media, respectively. The obtained SPR angles were approximately consistent with the theoretical ones.

关键词： surface plasmon resolance polymer microfluidic PDMS

Biogas charging and dissipating process and its accumulation in the Sebei gasfield,Qaidam Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 36-44页

作者： JIN Qiang 1,CHENG FuQi 1,2.,SU AiGuo 3 ,ZHU GuangYou 3 ,WANG Li 1 &CAO Qian 1 1 china university of petroleum,Dongying,Shandong 2.7061,china 2.{2.logical Institute of Shengli Oilfield,SINOPEC,Dongying,Shandong 2.7015,china 3 petroleum Exploration and Development Institute,Petrochina,beijing 100083,china china Univ Petr Shandong 257061 Peoples R China SINOPEC Geol Inst Shengli Oilfield Shandong 257015 Peoples R China Petrochina Petr Explorat & Dev Inst Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The Sebei gasfield is the largest biogas accumulation found in china and many reservoirs and seal rocks superposed on a syndepositional anticline in *** biogas charging and dissipating process and its distribution have been a research focus for many *** authors suggest a diffusing and accumulating model for the biogas,as they find that the shallower the gas producer,the more methane in the biogas,and the lighter stable carbon isotope composition of *** on the diffusing model,diffused biogas is quantitatively estimated for each potential sandy reservoir in the gasfield,and the gas charging quantity for the sandy reservoir is also calculated by the diffused gas quantity plus gas reserve in-place.A ratio of diffusing quantity to charging quantity is postulated to describe biogas accumulating state in a sandy reservoir,if the ratio is less than 0.6,the reservoir forms a good gas-pool and high-production layer in the gasfield,which often occurs in the reservoirs deeper than 900 m;if the ratio is greater than 0.6,a few gas accumulated in the reservoir,which frequently exists in the reservoirs shallower than 900 ***,a biogas accumulation model is built up as lateral direct charging from gas source for the sands deeper than 900 m and indirect charging from lower gas-bearing sands by diffusion at depth shallower than 900 *** this charging and diffusion quantitative model,the authors conducted re-evaluation on each wildcat in the central area of the Qaidam Basin,and found many commercial biogas layers.

关键词： biogas charging and diffusing model relative dissipated quantity Qaidam Basin

Node ordinal encoded genetic algorithm for the optimal allocation of water resources

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2005年第5期15卷 448-452页

作者： YANG Xiaohua1*, YANG Zhifeng 1,2. SHEN Zhenyao1 and LI Jianqiang3(1. State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 2. Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education, School of Environment, beijing Normal university, beijing 100875, china 3. Water resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, MWR, beijing 100011, china) State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Key Laboratory for Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Water resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute MWR Beijing 100011 China

A new method, node ordinal encoded genetic algorithm (NOEGA), is proposed for solving water resources optimal allocation problems, in which the capacity of water resources is split into a number of smaller parts so that successive operations can be overlapped. Our objective is to maximize the whole benefit function. To overcome the “dimensionality and algorithm complexity curse” while searching for solutions and looking for an optimal solution, the operations of one-point crossover operator, gene exchange operator, gene random operator, gene shift operator and node ordinal strings are established. It is proved to be an effective optimal method in searching for global solutions. The NOEGA does not need a diversity of initial population, and it does not have the problem of immature convergence. The results of two cases show that using NOEGA to solve the optimal allocation model is very efficient and robust. In addition, the algorithm complexity of NOEGA is discussed.

关键词： water resources optimal allocation node ordinal code genetic algorithm.