检索结果-南通市图书馆

In vitro differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stromal cells into neuron-like cells in hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第7期1卷 581-584页

作者： Xinchun Ye1, Hongjun He1, Feng Yang1, Kepeng Zhao1, Jun Yao1, Bin Liu2 1department of neurology, Taixing People’s hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu province, china 2department of neurology, affiliated hospital of north china coal medical college, tangshan 063000, hebei province, china department of neurology Taixing People's Hospital Taixing 225400 Jiangsu Province China department of neurology Hospital of North China Coal Medical College Tangshan 063000 Hebei Province China

BACKGROUND: At present, researches on differentiating from human adipose-derived adult stromal cells (hADASC) to neuron-like cells are focus on inducing by artificial-synthetic compound solution; however, hippocampal astrocyte conditioned medium (HCAM) can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether HCAM can induce in vitro differentiation from hADASC to neuron-like cells. DESIGN: Randomized control study. SETTING: department of neurology, Taixing People's hospital; Central Laboratory, north china coal medical college. MATERIALS: Donor of adipose tissue was donated by female volunteers suffering from caesarean section in the department of obstetrics & gynecology in our hospital and aged 20-35 years. Adipose tissue was collected from subcutaneous tissue of abdomen during the operation. In addition, 8 male newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours with average body mass of 20 g were provided by Animal Institute of Chinese Academy of medical Sciences. Rabbit-anti-human Nestin polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human glial fibriliary acidic protein (GFAP) polyclonal antibody, rabbit-anti-human neuro-specific enolase polyclonal antibody and mouse-anti-human microtubal associated protein 2 (MAP-2) polyclonal antibody were provided by Wuhan Boster Company. METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Central Laboratory of north china coal medical college from October 2004 to June 2005. hADASC was cultured with HCAM and its growth and morphological changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. Immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting were used to evaluate the expressions of Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was a specific sign of nerve cell, and GFAP, which was a specific sign of neuroglial cells. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nestin, which was a specific sign of nerve precursor, neuro-specific enolase and MAP-2, which was

关键词： cell In vitro differentiation of human adipose-derived adult stromal cells into neuron-like cells in hippocampal astrocyte conditione

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Correlative study on the cognitive dysfunction of patients with myasthenia gravis

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第8期1卷 744-746页

作者： Wenli Chen1, Wenmin Wang2, Yi Wang3 1department of neurology, Yunnan First People’s hospital, Kunming 650032, Yunnan province, china 2department of neurology, First affiliated hospital of Kunming medical college, Kunming 650032, Yunnan province, china 3department of neurology, Huashan hospital affiliated to Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, china department of neurology Yunnan First People's Hospital Kunming 650032 Yunnan Province China department of neurology Hospital of Kunming Medical College Kunming 650032 Yunnan Province China department of neurology Huashan Hospital Shanghai Fudan University Shanghai 200040 China

BACKGROUND: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is considered as a peripheral neuromuscular disorder. Some investigations demonstrate that MG affects central nervous system (CNS), and there are disorders in cognitive function, affection, sleep, mental status and others; however, there are also some different standpoints. Some questions are still disputed, such as whether or not MG exists in the CNS and cognitive function is impaired. DATA SOURCES: Using the terms of 'myasthenia gravis, neuropsychological test, memory, central, brain, cognitive dysfunction and so on', we searched the Medline database for the articles about CNS involved in MG, nerve and neuropsychology as well as cognitive function, which were published in the English language between January 1985 and December 2004. Meanwhile, we also searched CNKI database by inputting 'myasthenia gravis, neuropsychology and cognitive function' in Chinese for articles about involved neuropsychology and cognitive function which were published between October 1995 and June 2006 in the Chinese language. STUDY SELECTION: Data were checked in the first trial, and articles about the influences of MG on CNS, neuropsychology, cognitive function and central cholinergic function were selected, then those were obviously unrelated with above criteria were excluded. Articles which expound the influences of MG on neuropsychology and cognitive were included, but those with repeated contents were also excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 89 related English articles and 34 Chinese articles were collected, including 43 studies on involved CNS and 32 studies on involved central cholinergic function and cholinergic receptor. Sixty-three literatures were about neuropsychology and cognitive function, which were closely related with this article. Seventy-two articles met inclusive criteria and 66 were excluded. Thirty of seventy-two were chosen for analysis. DATA SYNTHESIS: MG is an autoimmune disease of muscular diseased fatigue induced by transmissi

关键词： cognitive function central nervous system cholinergic receptor autoimmune disease English language Chinese language used in

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Inosine inhibits apoptosis and cytochrome C mRNA expression in rat neurons after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第7期1卷 589-592页

作者： Jinrong Wang1, Mingjun Bi1, Qin Li2 1department of neurology, Rongcheng Second People’s hospital, Rongcheng 264309, Shandong province, china 2department of neurology, affiliated Union hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, china department of neurology Rongcheng Second People's Hospital Rongcheng 264309 Shandong Province China department of neurology Union Hospital Huazhong University of Science ad Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province China

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that adenosine can induce glial cell to release cytochrome C, enhance expression of apoptotic gene bax, inhibit anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2, and activate caspase-3 to apoptosis; Whereas inosine can inhibit neuronal apoptosis which is similar to bcl-2. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of inosine on neuronal apoptosis and expression of cytochrome C mRNA in rats after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, and analyze the pathway of its neuroprotective effect. DESIGN: A randomised controlled animal trial. SETTINGS: department of neurology, Rongcheng Second People's hospital; department of neurology, affiliated Union hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. MATERIALS: Sixty-eight rats, weighing 230-280 g and clean grade, were used. TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) and cytochrome C mRNA in situ hybridization kits and DAB staining kit were purchased from Wuhan Boster Biological Co., Ltd.; Inosine injection [200 mg (2 mL) each] from Qingdao First Pharmaceutical Factory. METHODS: The experiment was accomplished in the animal experimental center in Tongji medical college of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from December 2003 to June 2005. ① Sixty-four rats were made into focal ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) with a nylon monofilament suture. The successfully induced rats were assigned to inosine group (n =32) and model group (n =32) at random. Rats in the inosine group were intraperitoneally administrated with inosine in dose of 100 mg/kg preoperatively, twice a day, 7 days in all. The rats in the control group were injected with the same dose of saline solution by the similar way preoperatively. Each group was randomized into ischemia /reperfusion 2, 6, 12, 24 hours, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days subgroups consisted of 4 rats. The other 4 rats were taken as the sham-operated group, the rats were given the same treatment except for not introduced the filament in

关键词： mRNA Inosine inhibits apoptosis and cytochrome C mRNA expression in rat neurons after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Relationship of cerebral arterial stenosis to cognitive and memory disorders

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第8期1卷 760-762页

作者： Jifeng Li1,2, Zhou Wang3, Shenggang Sun1, Gaomei Cai2, Kejin Gu2, Yaoqun Li4 1department of neurology, affiliated Union hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei province, china 2Second department of neurology, affiliated hospital of Jining medical college, Jining 242013, Shandong province, china 3department of Pathology, Jining medical college, Jining 242013, Shandong province, china 4TCD Room, affiliated hospital of Jining medical college, Jining 242013, Shandong province, china department of neurology Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 Hubei Province China Second department of neurology Hospital of Jining Medical College Jining 242013 Shandong Province China hospital of Jining medical college Jining 242013 Shandong Province China department of Pathology Jining Medical College Jining 242013 China

BACKGROUND: Cerebral arterial stenosis can cause cerebral hypoperfusion, and than result in the decline of cognitive function, whereas the cognitive dysfunction induced by different cerebral arterial stenosis have different manifestations and types. OBJECTIVE: To observe the differences of cognitive and memory dysfunctions in patients with cerebral arterial stenosis of different types. DESIGN: A comparative observation. SETTING: affiliated hospital of Jining medical college. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two outpatients or inpatients with cerebral arterial stenosis were selected from the department of neurology, affiliated hospital of Jining medical college from February 2005 to January 2006, including 25 males and 17 females. There were 18 cases of internal carotid arterial stenosis, 14 cases of vertebrobasilar arterial stenosis and 10 cases of whole cerebral arterial stenosis. The diagnostic standards for cerebral arterial stenosis were identified according to north American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET). Meanwhile, 18 healthy physical examinees were enrolled as the control group, including 10 males and 8 females, aged 58-80 years old. All the enrolled subjects were informed and agreed with the detection and evaluation. METHODS: ① The memory function was evaluated using revised Wechsler memory scale for adults, including long-term memory (experience, orientation and counting), short-term memory (visual recognition, picture memory, visual regeneration, association and thigmesthesia) and sensory memory (forward and backward recitation of numbers). The scale scores were turned to memory quotients. The higher the scores, the better the memory function. ② The cognitive function was evaluated using revised Wechsler adult intelligence scale: It consisted of eleven subtests, including six language scales (information, digit span, vocabulary, arithmetics, apprehension, similarity) and five operation scales (picture completion, picture arrangement, block design, g

关键词： than Relationship of cerebral arterial stenosis to cognitive and memory disorders

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Influence of mild hypothermia on vascular endothelial growth factor and infarct volume in brain tissues after cerebral ischemia in rats

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第9期1卷 847-849页

作者： Fei Ye1, Gangming Xi1, Biyong Qin1, Shifeng Wang1, Chengyan Li2 1department of neurology, People’s hospital of Yunyang medical college, Shiyan 442000, Hubei province, china 2department of neurology, Renmin hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei province, china department of neurology People's Hospital Yunyang Medical College Shiyan 442000 Hubei Province China department of neurology Renmin Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 Hubei Province China

BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that mild hypothermia has obvious protective effect on both whole and local cerebral ischemia. However, the definite mechanism is still unclear for the brain protection of mild hypothermia on cerebral edema, inhibiting inflammatory reaction, stabilizing blood brain barrier, etc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mild hypothermia on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the infarct volume after cerebral ischemia in rats, and analyze the brain protective mechanism of mild hypothermia. DESIGN: A randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING: department of neurology, People’s hospital of Yunyang medical college. MATERIALS: Twenty adult male SD rats of clean degree, weighing (250±30) g, were provided by the animal experimental center, School of Medicine, Wuhan University. The kits for SP immunohistochemistry were purchased from Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology Co., Ltd. METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of department of neurology, Renmen hospital of Wuhan University from May to July 2005. ① The 20 rats were divided randomly into normal temperature group (n =10) and mild hypothermia group (n =10). Models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were established with modified nylon suture embolization. The rats were assessed with the Longa standards: 0 point for without nerve dysfunction; 1 for mild neurological deficit (fore claws could no extend completely); 2 for moderate neurological deficit (circling towards the affected side); 3 for severe neurological deficit (tilting towards the affected side); 4 for coma and unconscious; 1-3 points represented that models were successfully established. The rats of the normal temperature group were fed at room temperature, and those in the mild hypothermia group were induced by hypothermia from 2 hours postoperatively, and the rectal temperature was kept at 34-35 ℃ for 72 hours. ② Measurement of infarct volume: All t

关键词： infarct neurological purchased hemisphere protective minutes Biotechnology stained occlusion Wuhan

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cerebral morphology and cortical evoked potential in rats

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2006年第7期1卷 657-660页

作者： Zuoli Xia1, Baoliang Sun2, Mingfeng Yang1, Dongmei Hu2, Tong Zhao2, Jingzhong Niu2 1Institute of Brain Microcirculation, Taishan medical college, Taian 271000, Shandong province, china 2department of neurology, affiliated hospital of Taishan medical college, Taian 271000, Shandong province, china Institute of Brain Microcirculation Taishan Medical College Taian 271000 Shandong Province China department of neurology Hospital of Taishan Medical College Taian 271000 Shandong Province China

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that although brain does not contain lining endothelial lymphatic vessel, it has lymphatic drain. Anterior lymphatic system of lymphatic vessel in brain tissue plays a key role in introducing brain interstitial fluid to lymphatic system; however, the significance of lymphatic drain and the effect on cerebral edema remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cerebral morphology and cortical evoked potential in rats. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study. SETTING: Institute of Cerebral Microcirculation of Taishan medical college and department of neurology of affiliated hospital. MATERIALS: A total of 63 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 300-350 g were selected in this study. Forty-seven rats were used for the morphological observation induced by lymphatic drain and randomly divided into three groups: general observation group (n =12), light microscopic observation group (n =21) and electronic microscopic observation group (n =14). The rats in each group were divided into cerebral lymphatic block subgroup and sham-operation control subgroup. Sixteen rats were used for observing the effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cortical evoked potential, in which the animals were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n =6) and cerebral lymphatic block group (n =10). METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Institute of Cerebral Microcirculation of Taishan medical college from January to August 2003. Rats in cerebral lymphatic block group were anesthetized and separated bilateral superficial and deep cervical lymph nodes under sterile condition. Superior and inferior boarders of lymph nodes were ligated the inputting and outputting channels, respectively, and then lymph node was removed so as to establish cerebral lymphatic drain disorder models. Rats in sham-operation control group were not ligated the lymphatic vessel and removed lymph nodes, and other operations were as the same as

关键词： Effect of cerebral lymphatic block on cerebral morphology and cortical evoked potential in rats

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

丘脑出血96例临床分析

引用

中国实用内科杂志 2006年第S1期26卷 62-63页

作者：马英华北煤炭医学院附属开滦医院神经内科河北唐山063000

目的研究丘脑出血的临床特点,探讨早期判定预后及病死率的相关因素。方法于2003—2005年对华北煤炭医学院附属开滦医院收治的96例丘脑出血患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果高龄、高血压是丘脑出血的主要病因。结论早期密切观察丘脑出... 详细信息

目的研究丘脑出血的临床特点,探讨早期判定预后及病死率的相关因素。方法于2003—2005年对华北煤炭医学院附属开滦医院收治的96例丘脑出血患者的临床资料进行总结分析。结果高龄、高血压是丘脑出血的主要病因。结论早期密切观察丘脑出血患者的生命体征对判定预后有一定的参考价值,病死率及严重并发症的产生与血肿大小、是否破入脑室、下丘脑及脑干是否受累等有关。

关键词：脑出血丘脑

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Inhibitory effect of dendroaspis natriuretic peptide on spontaneous contraction in gastric antral circular smooth muscles of guinea pigs

引用

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第11期28卷 1797-1802页

作者： Hui-shu GUO~(2,5),Zheng-xu CAI~3,Tai-hua WU~2,Jing XU~3,Yang QIU~2,Wen-xie XU~4~2 Centralab and ~3 department of neurology,The Fist affiliated hospital of Dalian medical University,Dalian 116011,china ~4 department ofPhysiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University medical college,Shanghai 200240,china Centralab The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China department of neurology The Fist Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian China department of Physiology Shanghai Jiao Tong University Medical College Shanghai China

Aim:To determine whether the natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR) is present in thestomach of guinea pigs and to investigate the effect of dendroaspis natriureticpeptide (DNP) on the gastric motility of guinea pigs and its ***:The distribution of the NPR was analyzed by *** spon-taneous contraction of gastric antral circular muscles of guinea pigs was recordedby a 4-channel *** whole cell patch-clamp technique was intro-duced to record calcium-activated potassium currents in the gastric myocytesisolated by ***:The NPR existed in the gastric fundus,gastricbody,and gastric antrum of guinea pigs,and its density was largest in the *** inhibited spontaneous contraction and exhibited a *** DNP-induced inhibition was diminished by LY83583 (a guanylatecyclase inhibitor) and was potentiated by zaprinast (a cGMP-sensitivephosphoesterase inhibitor).The inhibitory effect of DNP on spontaneous con-traction was also inhibited by tetraethylammonium (a non-selective potassiumchannel blocker);10 nmol/L DNP increased the calcium-activated potassium cur-rents in the gastric circular myocytes of guinea ***:The NPR ismost common in the gastric antrum of guinea *** significantly inhibitsgastric motility in the gastric antrum of guinea *** inhibitory effect occursvia a cGMP-dependent pathway,and a calcium-activated potassium channel maybe also involved in the relaxation induced by DNP in gastric antral circular smoothmuscles.

关键词： dendroaspis natriuretic peptide motility natriuretic peptide receptor spontaneous contraction

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Copper transportion of WD protein in hepatocytes from Wilson disease patients in vitro

引用

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2001年第6期7卷 846-851页

作者： Guo-Qing Hou~1 Xiu-Ling Liang~2 Rong Chen~2 Li-Wen Tang~3 Ying Wang~2 Ping-Yi Xu~2 Ying-Ru Zhang~2 Cui-Hua Ou~2 1 department of neurology.Guangzhou First Municipal People’s hospital,Guangzhou medical college,Guangzhou 510180,Guangdong province.china2 department of neurology.First affiliated hospital.Sun Yat-Sen University of medical Sciences.Guangzhou 510080.Guangdong province.china3 department of Pharmacology,University of Kentucky.Lexington,KY 40506.USA department of neurology Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Guangzhou Medical College Guangdong Province China. spring-hua@***

AIM: To study the effect of copper transporting P-type ATPase in copper metabolism of hepatocyte and pathogenesis of Wilson disease (WD). METHODS: WD copper transporting properties in some organelles of the cultured hepatocytes were studied from WD patients and normal *** cultured hepatocytes were incubated in the media of copper 15 mg x L(-1) only, copper 15 mg x L(-1) with vincristine (agonist of P-type ATPase) 0.5mg x L(-1), or copper 15 mg x L(-1) with vanadate (antagonist of P-type ATPase) 18.39 mg x L(-1) separately. Microsome (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus), lysosome, mitochondria, and cytosol were isolated by differential centrifugation. Copper contents in these organelles were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and the influence in copper transportion of these organelles by vanadate and vincristine were comparatively analyzed between WD patients and controls. WD copper transporting P-type ATPase was detected by SDS-PAGE in conjunction with Western blot in liver samples of WD patients and controls. RESULTS: The specific WD proteins (M(r)155,000 lanes) were expressed in human hepatocytes, including the control and WD patients. After incubation with medium containing copper for 2 h or 24 h, the microsome copper concentration in WD patients was obviously lower than that of controls, and the addition of vanadate or vincristine would change the copper transporting of microsomes obviously. When incubated with vincristine, levels of copper in microsome were significantly increased, while incubated with vanadate, the copper concentrations in microsome were obviously decreased. The results indicated that there were WD proteins, the copper transportion P-type ATPase in the microsome of hepatocytes. WD patients possessed abnormal copper transporting function of WD protein in the microsome, and the agonist might correct the defect of copper transportion by promoting the activity of copper transportion P-type ATPase. CONCLUSION: Cop

关键词： Adenosinetriphosphatase Adolescent Adult Cation Transport Proteins Copper Female Hepatocytes Hepatolenticular Degeneration Humans Male Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The role of different cues in the brain mechanism on visual spatial attention

引用

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第10期16卷 1045-1050页

作者： SONG Weiqun, LUO Yuejia, CHI Song, JI Xunming, LING Feng, ZHAO Lun, WANG Maobin and SHI Jiannong ( department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu hospital, Capital University of medical Science, Beijing 100053, china State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, china Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china department of neurology, affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, medical college, Qingdao 266003, china department of neurology, Xuanwu hospital, Capital University of medical Science, Beijing 100053, china Institute of Linguistics, Xuzhou Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, china) department of Rehabilitation Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing 100053 China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China School of Psychology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China Key Laboratory of Mental Health Institute of Psychology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China department of neurology Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College Qingdao 266003 China department of neurology Xuanwu Hospital Capital University of Medical Science Beijing 100053 China Institute of Linguistics Xuzhou Normal University Xuzhou 221116 China

The visual spatial attention mechanism in the brain was studied in 16 young subjects through the visual search paradigm of precue-target by the event-related potential (ERP) technique, with the attentive ranges cued by different scales of Chinese character and region cues. The results showed that the response time for Chinese character cues was much longer than that for region cues especially for small region cues. With the exterior interferences, the target stimuli recognition under region cues was much quicker than that under Chinese character cues. Compared with that under region cues, targets under Chinese character cues could lead to increase of the posterior P1, decrease of the N1 and increase of the P2. It should also be noted that the differences between region cues and Chinese character cues were affected by the interference types. Under exterior interferences, no significant difference was found between region cues and Chinese character cues; however, it was not the case under the interior interferences. Considering the difference between the exterior interferences and the interior interferences, we could conclude that with the increase of difficulty in target recognition there was obvious difference in the consumption of anterior frontal resources by target stimuli under the two kinds of cues.

关键词： visual spatial attention cue scale event-related potential (ERP) Chinese character cues region cues.

来源：

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

同方期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：