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Cloning and characterization of interferon stimulated genes Viperin and ISG1.,and their promoters from snakehead Channa argus

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1425-1435页

作者： Jia Weizhang1.2, Zhou Xiuxia1.2, Huang Rong1.2 and Guo Qionglin1.1. institute of Hydrobiololgy,{1., Wuhan 430072, China 2. Graduate University of{1., beijing 1.0039, China) institute of Hydrobiololgy Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430072 China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

By suppression subtractive hybridization, rapid amplification of cDNA ends and gene walking methods, interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), Viperin and ISG1., and their promoters have been cloned and characterized from snakehead Channa argus. The Viperin cDNA was found to be 1.74 nt and contain an open reading frame (ORF) of 1.59 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 352 amino acid (aa). The putative peptide of Viperin shows high identity to that in teleosts and mammals except for the N-terminal 70 aa. The ISG1. cDNA was found to be 758 nt and contain an ORF of 468 nt that translates into a putative peptide of 1.5 aa. The putative peptide of ISG1. is composed of two tandem repeats of ubiquitin-like (UBL) domains, and a canonical conjugation motif (LRGG) at C-terminal. Viperin and ISG1. promoter regions were characterized by the presence of interferon stimulating response elements (ISRE) and γ-IFN activation sites (GAS). ISRE is a feature of IFN-induced gene promoter and partially overlaps interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 1.and IRF2 recognition sites. GAS is responsible for the γ-IFN mediated transcription. One conserved site for NF-κB was found in the promoter region of Viperin. This is the first report of conservative binding motif for NF-κB in accordance with the consensus sequence (GGGRNNYYCC) among teleost ISG promoters. Moreover, there were also TATA, CAAT and Sp1.transcription factor sites in Viperin and ISG1. promoters. In 5′ untranslated region (UTR), snakehead ISG1. gene contains a single intron, which differs from Viperin gene. The transcripts of Vipeirn and ISG1. mRNA were mainly expressed in head kidney, posterior kidney, spleen and gill. The expression levels in liver were found to increase obviously in response to induction by IFN-inducer poly I∶C.

关键词： interferon interferon stimulated gene (ISG) Viperin ISG1. snakehead (Channa argus).

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE DEPENDENCE OF THE INTERNAL ENERGY CONTRIBUTION IN RUBBER ELASTICITY

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2001年第5期19卷 447-449页

作者： Juan Sun Xiao-zhen Yang Polymer Physics Laboratory center for Molecular{1., institute of chemistry chinese academy of sciences beijing 1.0080 China chinese Acad Sci Polymer Phys Lab Ctr Mol Sci Inst Chem Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

Conformational elasticity theory recently developed has been used to explore the internal energy contribution to the elastic force f(e)/f as a function of strain for poly(cis-1.4-isoprene) and poly(trans-1.4-isoprene). Calculated f(e)/f values are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally. Results show that behavior of f(e)/f is mainly contributed by chemical structure, or intramolecular interaction, supporting the experimental observations, and that the internal energy contribution is strain dependent.

关键词： conformational elasticity theory internal energy contribution poly(cis-1.4-isoprene) poly(trans-1.4-isoprene)

Experimental study of composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2004年第1期47卷 64-78页

作者： SUI Qiang1. 2 & LI Fang1.1. institute of Electronics,{1., beijing 1.0080, China 2. School of Information, beijing Broadcasting institute, beijing 1.0024, China Correspondence should be addressed to Sui Qiang (email: suiqiang@***) Received July 28, 2003 1. institute of Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. School of Information Beijing Broadcasting Institute 100024 Beijing China

This paper focuses on a composite medium structure that exhibits simultan- eously negative values of effective permeability and permittivity, and our experimental study in an anechoic chamber. The experiment results show that the artificial medium, based on a periodic array of interspaced conducting nonmagnetic split ring resonators and continuous metallic wires, can have a simultaneously negative effective permeability and permittivity within a frequency region in the microwave regime under certain linearly polarized waves.

关键词： permittivity, permeability, negative index of refraction, split ring resonator, LHM, RHM.

Characteristics and geological significance of olivine xenocrysts in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from western Qinling

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1300-1306页

作者： SU Benxun~ 1.2 **, ZHANG Hongfu~1. XIAO Yan~ 1.2 and ZHAO Xinmiao~ 1.2 (1. State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, institute of Geology and Geophysics,{1., beijing 1.0029, China 2. Graduate School of{1., beijing 1.0039, China) [a]State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China [b]Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing China

Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the Haoti, Dangchang County of the western Qinling Mountains, contain a few clearly-zoned olivines. These olivines are relatively big in grain sizes and usually have cracks or broken features. Their cores have similar compositions （Mg#=90.4-91.0） to those for the peridotitic xenoliths entrained in host volcanic rocks and their rims are close to the compositions of olivine phenocrysts （Mg#=85.5-81.9）. The CaO contents in these zoned olivines are lower than 0.1.. These features demonstrate that the clearly-zoned olivines are xenocrysts and disaggregated from mantle peridotites. The zoned texture was the result of the interaction between the olivine and host magma. Available data show that the volcanic rocks would have been derived from the mantle source metasomatized by subducted hydrathermally-altered oceanic crust. The formation of these Cenozoic volcanic rocks was perhaps related to the rapid uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.

关键词： Western Qinling Dangchang Haoti Cenozoic volcanic rocks olivine xenocrysts zoned texture.

Topography and functional information of plasma membrane

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Science China(Life sciences) 2008年第2期51卷 95-103页

作者： SUN DeLan1. CHEN JianMin1. SONG YanMei1. ZHU ChuanFeng2, PAN GeBo2 & WAN LiJun2 1.Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology, institute of Botany,{1., beijing 1.0093, China 2 institute of chemistry,{1., beijing 1.0080, China 1. Key Laboratory of Photosynthesis and Environmental Molecular Physiology Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China 2. institute of chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

By using atomic force microscope (AFM), the topography and function of the plasmalemma surface of the isolated protoplasts from winter wheat mesophyll cells were observed, and compared with dead protoplasts induced by dehydrating stress. The observational results revealed that the plasma membrane of living protoplasts was in a state of polarization. Lipid layers of different cells and membrane areas exhibited distinct active states. The surfaces of plasma membranes were unequal, and were characterized of regionalisation. In addition, lattice structures were visualized in some regions of the membrane surface. These typical structures were assumed to be lipid molecular complexes, which were measured to be 1..8±0.09 nm in diameter and 1.9±0.3 nm in height. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional imaging showed that the plasmalemma surfaces of winter wheat protoplasts were covered with numerous protruding particles. In order to determine the chemical nature of the protruding particles, living protoplasts were treated by proteolytic enzyme. Under the effect of enzyme, large particles became relatively looser, resulting that their width was increased and their height decreased. The results demonstrated that these particles were likely to be of protein nature. These protein particles at plasmalemma surface were different in size and unequal in distribution. The diameter of large protein particles ranged from 200 to 440 nm, with a central micropore, and the apparent height of them was found to vary from 1. to 40 nm. The diameter of mid-sized protein particles was between 40―60 nm, and a range of 1.8―5 nm was given for the apparent height of them. As for small protein particles, obtained values were 1.―40 nm for their diameter and 0.7―2.2 nm for height. Some invaginated pits were also observed at the plasma membrane. They were formed by the endocytosis of protoplast. Distribution density of them at plasmalemma was about 1. pits per 1. μm2. According to their size, we clas

关键词： atomic force microscope winter wheat protoplast plasma membrane surface membrane protein invaginated pits

Input function and simulated distributions of tritium in the North Pacific

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Science China Earth sciences 2010年第3期53卷 441-453页

作者： BA Qi1.2 & XU YongFu1.1.State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric chemistry,{1. of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1.0029, China 2 Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences, beijing 1.0049, China 1. State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

An ocean general circulation model (OGCM) of the North Pacific with a southern open boundary condition is used to simulate the distribution and transport of tritium in the North Pacific. First, the observed tritium in precipitation dataset of GNIP/ISOHIS is chosen, and used to develop an input function of tritium for the model domain from 1.51.to 1.97 in terms of the triangulation for interpolation. Then, the input function is used as an upper flux for the tritium model. The OGCM with tritium is integrated for 47 years with the initial condition of zero tritium concentrations. Compared with the observations from GEOSECS and WOCE, the model generates a meridional gradient of surface tritium concentrations and the high tritium concentrations in the subsurface layer, which is consistent with that indicated in the observations. The simulated time series of total tritium fluxes from the atmosphere to the ocean shows a spike in 1.63. The total inventory of tritium in the ocean changes slowly with time after 1.75. Tritium enters the higher-latitude region, and then is mainly transported by the subsurface process towards the equatorial region, which is well simulated in the model. However, the difference mainly occurs at 30°N–40°N, which can be seen also in the simulation of CFCs. This difference may partly originate from the insufficient description of physical processes in the OGCM. Nevertheless, some uncertainties exist in the development of the tritium input function, which can also influence the simulated results.

关键词： North Pacific basin-wide ocean general circulation model tritium input function tritium distributions

A new principle of synthetic cascade utilization of chemical energy and physical energy

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Science China(Technological sciences) 2005年第2期48卷 163-179页

作者： JIN Hongguang1. HONG Hui1.2, WANG Baoqun1.2, HAN Wei1.2 & LIN Rumou1.2 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics,{1., beijing 1.0080, China 2. Graduate School of the{1., beijing 1.0039, China 1. institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences 100039 Beijing China

We propose a new principle of the cascade utilization of both chemical energy and physical energy in energy systems with the integration of chemical processes and thermal cycles. Particularly, a general equation of energy levels of substance, Gibbs free energy of chemical reaction and physical energy is explicitly founded. On the basis of this equation, a chemical-looping combustion and an indirect combustion are investigated. Furthermore, a mechanism of energy release, with the combination of decreasing the energy level of Gibbs free energy and upgrading the energy level of low or middle- temperature thermal energy, is clarified. The promising results obtained here establish a theoretical basis for the further investigation of multi-function systems in which energy and the environment are compatible, and create a new approach to improve the performance of traditional thermal cycles.

关键词： chemical energy, cascade utilization, exergy, energy conversion.

Mechanism and Defense on Malicious Code

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural sciences 2005年第1期10卷 83-88页

作者： WEN Wei-ping 1.2,3, QING Si-han 1.2,31. institute of Software, the{1., beijing 1.0080, China 2.Engineering Research center for Information Security Technology, the{1., beijing 1.0080, China 3.Graduate School of the{1., beijing 1.0080, China institute of Software the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China

With the explosive growth of network applications, the threat of the malicious code against network security becomes increasingly serious. In this paper we explore the mechanism of the malicious code by giving an attack model of the malicious code, and discuss the critical techniques of implementation and prevention against the malicious code. The remaining problems and emerging trends in this area are also addressed in the paper.

关键词： malicious code attacking model mechanism defense system security network security

Observation results of relativistic electrons detected by Fengyun-1.satellite and analysis of relativistic electron enhancement (REE) events

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2008年第12期51卷 1947-1956页

作者： YANG XiaoChao1.2↑ & WANG ShiJin1.1.center for Space Science and Applied Research,{1., beijing 1.01.0, China 2 Graduate University of{1., beijing 1.0049, China 1. center for Space Science and Applied Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China 2. Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The space particle component detector on Fengyun-1.satellite which works at the sun-synchronous orbit of about 870 km altitude has detected relativistic electrons for a long time. In comparison with the SAMPEX satellite observations during 1.99–2004, the relativistic electron data from Fengyun-1.satellite from June 1.99 to 2005 are used to analyze the relativistic electron enhancement (REE) events at the low earth orbit, and the possible correlation among REE events at the low earth orbit, high-speed solar wind and geomagnetic storms is discussed. The statistical result presents that 45 REE events are found in total during this time period, and the strong REE events with the maximum daily average flux > 400 cm?2·srt-1.s?1.occur mostly during the transition period from solar maximum to solar minimum. Among these 45 REE events, four strong REE events last a longer time period from 26-to 51.day and correlate closely with high speed solar wind and strong geomagnetic storms. Meanwhile, several strong geomagnetic storms occur continuously before these REE events, and these continuous geomagnetic storms would be an important factor causing these long-lasting strong REE events. The correlation analysis for overall 45 events indicates that the strength of the REE events correlates with the solar wind speed and the strength of the geomagnetic storm, and the correlation for strong REE events is much stronger than that for weak REE events.

关键词： relativistic electron enhancement low earth orbit high-speed solar wind geomagnetic storm