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Are small RNAs a big help to plants?

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Science china(Life sciences. 2009年第3期52卷 212-223页

作者： MAO YingBo,XUE XueYi & CHEN XiaoYa national key laboratory of plant molecular genetics,institute of plant physiology and ecology.shanghai institutes for biological sciences.chinese academy of sciences.shanghai 2.0032.china 1. national key laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The discovery of RNA interference(RNAi) has augmented our knowledge of gene regulation and presents a fascinating technology that has a great potential for application in genetic analysis,disease therapy,plant protection,and many other *** this review,we will focus on the biological functions of RNAi and its application in agriculture with a brief introduction to the history of its discovery and molecular mechanism.

关键词： RNA interference gene regulation plant protection

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of rice with the spider insecticidal gene conferring resistance to leaffolder and striped stem borer

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Cell Research 2001年第2期11卷 149-155页

作者： HUANG JIAN QIU, ZHI MING WEI, HAI LONG AN, YU XIAN ZHU national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological sciences. chinese academy of sciences. shanghai 2.0032. china national La national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai. jqhuang@***

Immature embryos of rice varieties 'Xiushui11' and 'Chunjiang 11' precultured for 4d were infected and transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101/pExT7 (containing the spider insecticidal gene). The resistant cant were transferred onto the differentiation medium and plants were regenerated. The transformation frequency reached 56%-72% measured as numbers of Geneticin (G418)-resistant calli produced and 36%-60% measured as numbers of transgenic plants regenerated, respectively. PCR and Southern blot analysis of transgenic plants confirmed that the T-DNA had been integrated into the rice genome. Insect bioassays using T1 transgenic plants indicated that the mortality of the leaffolder (Cnaphalocrasis medinalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 38%-61% and the corrected mortality of the striped stem borer (Chilo suppressalis) after 7d of leaf feeding reached 16%-75%. The insect bioassay results demonstrated that the transgenic plants expressing the spider insecticidal protein conferred enhanced resistance to these pests.

关键词： Rice Agrobacterium tumefaciens spider insecticidal gene transgenic plant Leaffolder striped stem borer insect bioassay.

Regeneration of plants from callus tissues of hairy roots induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes on Alhagi pseudoalhagi

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Cell Research 2001年第4期11卷 279-284页

作者： WANG YU MEI, JIANG BO WANG, DA LUO , JING FEN JIA national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological sciences. chinese academy of sciences. shanghai 2.0032. china Department of Bi institute of plant physiology and ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The legume forage Alhagi pseudoalhagi was transformed by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4 using cotyledon and hypocotyl segments as infection materials. Regenerated plants were achieved from sterile calli derived from hairy roots, which occurred at or near the infection sites. The regenerated plants from hairy root were characterized by normal leaf morphology and stem growth but a shallow and more extensive root system than normal plants. Opine synthesis, PCR and Southern blot confirmed that T- DNA had been integrated into the A. pseudoalhagi genome. Acetosyringone (AS) was found to be vital for successful transformation of A. pseudoalhagi.

关键词： Alhagi pseudoalhagi Agrobacterium rhizogenes hairy root regeneration.

The tricks plants use to reach appropriate light

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Science china(Life sciences. 2010年第8期53卷 916-926页

作者： CHAO DaiYin1 & LIN HongXuan2 1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA 2national key laboratory of plant molecular genetics, shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological sciences. chinese academy of sciences. shanghai 2.0032. china 1. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA2. National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

The perception of ambient light signals that produce a relevant response to ensure exposure to appropriate levels of light energy is vital for plants. In response to this, intricate molecular mechanisms to mediate light signaling have evolved in plants. Among the responses induced by light, seedling extension is a determining event for plant survival in darkness, especially in the initial stage of plant growth. Here we review previous studies and recent progress towards an understanding of light signaling that regulates seedling elongation. We focus on the three regions of the sunlight spectrum that primarily control seedling elongation, namely red/far-red light, blue/UV-A light and UV-B light, and summarize the four signaling pathways that correspond to the three effective spectra.

关键词： photomorphogenesis light signaling photoreceptors cell elongation cell division

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DNA chip-based expression profile analysis indicates involvement of the phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway in multiple plant responses to hormone and abiotic treatments

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Cell Research 2004年第1期14卷 34-45页

作者： Wen Hui LIN, Rui YE, Hui MA, Zhi Hong XU, Hong Wei XUE national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological sciences.(SIBS), chinese academy of sciences.and Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on "plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction", 300 Fenglin Road, 2.0032.shanghai, china Xue HW Chinese Acad Sci Shanghai Inst Biol Sci Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol Natl Lab Plant Mol Genet 300 Fenglin Rd Shanghai 200032 Peoples R China

The phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolic pathway is considered critical in plant responses to many environmental factors, and previous studies have indicated the involvement of multiple PI-related gene families during cellular responses. Through a detailed analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome, 82 polypeptides were identified as being involved in PI signaling. These could be grouped into different families including PI synthases (PIS), PI-phosphate kinases (PIPK), phospholipases (PL), inositol polyphosphate phosphatases (IPPase), inositol polyphosphate kinases (IPK), PI transfer proteins and putative inositol polyphosphate receptors. The presence of more than 10 isoforms of PIPK, PLC, PLD and IPPase suggested that these genes might be differentially expressed during plant cellular responses or growth and development. Accordingly, DNA chip technology was employed to study the expression patterns of various isoforms. In total, 79 mRNA clones were amplified and used for DNA chip generation. Expression

关键词： phosphatidylinositol signal transduction DNA chip expression profile.

Isolation and functional characterization of the C-terminus of rice phos-phatidylinositol 4-kinase in vitro

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Cell Research 2003年第2期13卷 131-139页

作者： XIANG FENG KONG, ZHI HONG XU, HONG WEI XUE, national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological Science (SIBS), The chinese academy of sciences.Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on "plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction", 300 Fenglin Road, 2.0032.shanghai, china 1national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS)The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction” 300 Fenglin Road 200032 Shanghai China 1national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS)The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction” 300 Fenglin Road 200032 Shanghai China 1national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS)The Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group el Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on “plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction” 300 Fenglin Road 200032 Shanghai China

A partial rice (Oryza sativa L.) cDNA clone. OsPMK1c, was isolated through screening of a cDNA library constructed from tillering materials. OsPI4Klc encoded a peptide of 608 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 68.4 kDa. The OsPI4Klc peptide shared high homology and possessed the highly conserved domains present in most isolated cloned PI4-kinases, i.e. a lipid kinase unique (LKU) domain and a catalytic (CAT) domain. A region with similarity to pleckstrin homology (PH) domain was present in OsPI4K1c as well. Further comparison with genomic sequences in databases revealed that OsPI4K1c is located at the 3'-end of a putative rice PI 4-kinase coding gene OsPI4K1, and its coding region corresponded to the C-terminal half of OsPI4Kl protein. Twelve exons (49-562 bp in size) and 11 introns (77-974 bp in size) were identified in OsPI4K1c. The recombinant protein expressed in Escherichia coli phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol at the D4 position of the inositol ring. OsPI4K1 transcript levels were

关键词： Oryza sativa phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase.

Alpha-picolinic acid,a fungal toxin and mammal apoptosis-inducing agent,elicits hypersensitive-like response and enhances disease resistance in rice

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Cell Research 2004年第1期14卷 27-33页

作者： Hai Kuo ZHANG~1, Xin ZHANG~1, Bi Zeng MAO~(2,) Qun LI~1, Zu Hua HE~(1,2*) ~1SHARF and national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological sciences. chinese academy of sciences. shanghai 2.0032. china. ~2Biotechnology institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, china. 1SHARF and national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China. 1SHARF and national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China. 2Biotechnology institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China. 1SHARF and national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China. 2Biotechnology institute Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China.

Alpha-picolinic acid (PA), a metabolite of tryptophan and an inducer of apoptosis in the animal cell, has been reported to be a toxin produced by some of plant fungal pathogens and used in screening for disease resistant mutants. Here, we report that PA is an efficient apoptosis agent triggering cell death of hypersensitive-like response in planta. Confirmed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS), rice suspension cells and leaves exhibited programmed cell death induced by PA. The PA-induced cell death was associated with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species that could be blocked by diphenylene iodonium chloride, indicating that the generation of reactive oxygen species was NADPH-oxidase dependent. We also demonstrated the induction of rice defense-related genes and subsequent resistant enhancement by PA against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea. Hence, it was concluded that the PA-stimulated defense response likely involves the onset of the hypersensitive response in rice, which also

关键词： picolinic acid cell death hypersensitive responses Magraporche grisea rice.

Identification of ABA-responsive genes in rice shoots via cDNA macroar- ray

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Cell Research 2003年第1期13卷 59-68页

作者： FANG LIN, SHOU LING XU, WEI MIN NI, ZHAO QING CHU, ZHI HONG XU, HONG WEI XUEnational laboratory of plant molecular genetics, institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological Science (SIBS), chinese academy of sciences.and Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on "plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduc-tion", 300 Fenglin Road, 2.0032.shanghai, china national laboratory of plant molecular genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science (SIBS) Chinese Academy of Sciences Partner Group of Max-Planck-institute of molecular plant physiology (MPI-MP) on plant molecular physiology and Signal Transduction Shanghai China

Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) was critical for many plant growth and developmental processes including seed maturation, germination and response to environmental factors. With the purpose to detect the possible ABA related signal transduction pathways, we tried to isolate ABA-regulated genes through cDNA macroarray technology using ABA-treated rice seedling as materials (under treatment for 2, 4, 8 and 12 h). Of 6144 cDNA clones tested, 37 differential clones showing induction or suppression for at least one time, were isolated. Of them 30 and 7 were up- or down-regulated respectively. Sequence analyses revealed that the putative encoded proteins were involved in different possible processes, including transcription, metabolism and resistance, photosynthesis, signal transduction, and seed maturation. 6 cDNA clones were found to encode proteins with unknown functions. Regulation by ABA of 7 selected clones relating to signal transduction or metabolism was confirmed by reverse transcription PCR. In add

关键词： Oryza saliva abscisic acid (ABA) cDNA macroarray responsive genes signal transduc- tion

Transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational regulations of gene expression during leaf polarity formation

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Cell Research 2007年第6期17卷 512-519页

作者： Lin Xu Li YangHai Huang national laboratory of plant molecular genetics, shanghai institute of plant physiology and ecology. shanghai institutes for biological sciences. chinese academy of sciences. 300 Fenglin Road, shanghai 2.0032. china nationallaboratoryofplantmoleculargenetics ShanghaiInstituteofPlantPhysiologyandEcologyShanghaiInstitutesforBiologicalSciencesChineseAcademyofSciences300FenglinRoadShanghai200032China

Leaf morphogenesis requires the establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity after primordium initiation from the shootapical meristem (SAM). Several families of transcription factors are known to play critical roles in promoting adaxial orabaxial leaf fate. Recently, post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways have been shown to regulate the establishmentof leaf polarity, providing novel and exciting insights into leaf development. For example, microRNAs (miR165/166)and a trans-acting siRNA (TAS3-derived tasiR-ARF) have been shown to repress the expression of several key transcrip-tion factor genes. In addition, yet another level of regulation, post-translational regulation, has been revealed recently bystudies on the role of the 26S proteasome in leaf polarity. Although our understanding regarding the molecular mecha-nisms underlying establishment of adaxial-abaxial polarity has greatly improved, there is still much that remains *** review aims to discuss recent progress, as well as the remaining questions, regarding the molecular mechanismsunderlying leaf polarity formation.

关键词： Arabidopsis leaf development polarity formation