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Is the PhyloCode better than Linnaean system?—— New development and debate on biologi-cal nomenclatural issues

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第3期48卷 308-312页

作者： GAO Keqin & SUN Yuanlin School of Earth and Space sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china School of Earth and Space sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The Linnaean system provides ultimate means governing biological nomenclature and classification. With series of modification, this system has admirably served bio-logical sciences for some 250 years. The new PhyloCode, however, advocates the phylogenetic nomenclature that radically alternates the current nomenclatural rules. The new proposals upset many systematic biologists and have provoked hot debate on nomenclatural issues. Binomial no-menclature and hierarchical classification are the key com-ponents of the Linnaean system. Proposed abandonment of these in the PhyloCode is widely criticized for it would not help to promote systematics but create chaos. It is not the Linnaean system but the phylogenetic nomenclature that should be abandoned.

关键词：生物分类生物命名法林奈系统系统代码法特点

Global periodic attractor for a model of forest with diffusion and seasonal effects

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第24期42卷 2046-2047页

作者： LIN YuanquDepartment of Mathematics, peking university, beijing 100871, china Department of Mathematics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

where γ（v） = a（v- b）2 + c with positive a, b, c. As a simple mathematical model ofmono-species forest with two age classes it takes account of seed production and dispersal,where u denotes the density of "young" tree, v denotes the density of "old" tree, and ω de-notes the density of air-borne seeds; α,β,δ and d are seed production, deposition, establish-ment and diffusion rates respectively; f and h are coefficients of aging and mortality of "old"tree respectively. （1）p（t）≡0 was first presented and was then reduced to a lower-dimensionalreaction-cross-diffusion model to study travelling wave solutions in ref. [1]. We assume herethat p （t） is a periodic function of period T and 0≤p（t）≤pM, considering the seasonal ef-fects of winds, weather conditions, temperature, etc.. We consider （1） under the initial con-

关键词： age-structured forest model equivalent norm invariant rectangle global periodic attractor.

On the local wellposedness of 3-D water wave problem with vorticity

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Science china Mathematics 2007年第8期50卷 1065-1077页

作者： Ping ZHANG~1 Zhi-fei ZHANG~2 1 Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of sciences,beijing 100080,china 2 School of Mathematical sciences,peking university,beijing 100871,china Academy of Mathematics Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 China School of Mathematical sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In this article, we first present an equivalent formulation of the free boundary problem to 3-D incompressible Euler equations, then we announce our local wellposedness result concerning the free boundary problem in Sobolev space provided that there is no self-intersection point on the initial surface and under the stability assumption that $\frac{{\partial p}}{{\partial n}}(\xi )\left| {_{t = 0} } \right. \leqslant - 2c_0 < 0$ being restricted to the initial surface.

关键词： water-waves free boundary incompressible Euler equations primary 35Q35 76B03 secondary 35J67 35L80

Frontal genesis of moisture atmosphere during the early 2008 persistent freezing-rain event in southern china

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Science china Earth sciences 2010年第3期53卷 454-464页

作者： QIAN WeiHong1 & FU JiaoLan1,2 1 Department of Atmospheric sciences, School of Physics, peking university, beijing 100871, china 2 National Meteorological Center of CMA, beijing, 100081, china 1. Department of Atmospheric sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China2. National Meteorological Center of CMA Beijing 100081 China

From January 10 to February 2, 2008, a severe and persistent freezing-rain event occurred in southern and southwestern china. Here we use an observational analysis to compare the persistent freezing-rain event in the early 2008 with the winter precipita- tion in the late 2007 over south of the Yangtze River (Jiangnan). The persistent freezing-rain event was directly linked to the activity of quasi-stationary front. The gradient of equivalent temperature (ET) can well indicate the frontal genesis of moist atmosphere (moisture front) and its activity as well as its relationship with precipitation belt. The precipitation types (snow and freezing rains) are related to the vertical structure of moisture front. The inversion profile of ET vertical distribution is a typical synoptic condition that caused the freezing-rain event. The horizontal gradient of ET with a criterion of 10℃ / 100 km, which reflects the accumulation and release of atmospheric energy, can be applied to predict the precipitation 5-10 days in advance.

关键词： freezing-rain event frontal genesis extended-range weather forecast winter Jiangnan

The refined theory of deep rectangular beams for symmetrical deformation

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2009年第6期52卷 919-925页

作者： GAO Yang1 & WANG MinZhong2 1 college of Science, china Agricultural university, beijing 100083, china 2 State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, peking university, beijing 100871, china college of Science China Agricultural University Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Based on elasticity theory, various one-dimensional equations for symmetrical deformation have been deduced systematically and directly from the two-dimensional theory of deep rectangular beams by using the Papkovich-Neuber solution and the Lur'e method without ad hoc assumptions, and they construct the refined theory of beams for symmetrical deformation. It is shown that the displacements and stresses of the beam can be represented by the transverse normal strain and displacement of the mid-plane. In the case of homogeneous boundary conditions, the exact solutions for the beam are derived, and the exact equations consist of two governing differential equations: the second-order equation and the transcendental equation. In the case of non-homogeneous boundary conditions, the approximate governing differential equations and solutions for the beam under normal loadings only and shear loadings only are derived directly from the refined beam theory, respectively, and the correctness of the stress assumptions in classic extension or compression problems is revised. Meanwhile, as an example, explicit expressions of analytical solutions are obtained for beams subjected to an exponentially distributed load along the length of beams.

关键词： deep rectangular beams the refined theory symmetrical deformation the Papkovich-Neuber solution the Lur’e method

Perfect reconstruction image modulation based on BEMD and quaternionic analytic signals

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Science china(Information sciences) 2011年第12期54卷 2622-2634页

作者： QIAO LiHong 1 , NIU KaiFu 2 , WANG Ning 2 & PENG LiZhong 2 1 college of Information Science and Engineering, Henan university of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, china 2 School of Mathematical sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china 1. college of Information Science and Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China2. School of Mathematical Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Image modulation represents image by meaningful characters such as image instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency. A perfect reconstruction image modulation method is proposed. In detail, the bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) is first improved to adaptively decompose image into monocomponents. Then by the quaternionic analytic method, suitable analytic signals is acquired. A new polar form is further proposed to modulate images, then seven characters are derived including instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequencies. We demonstrate the techniques on both synthetic and natural images, depict the needle program of the estimated frequencies and obtain the reconstructions that are the same with the original images. The applications in image segmentation and separation establish the validity of characterizing images of this type as sums of locally narrow band modulated components.

关键词： perfect reconstruction image modulation AM-FM representation BEMD quaternionic analytic signals

Interdecadal variations in global climate and earth rotation rate

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第18期42卷 1557-1560页

作者： QIAN WeihongDepartment of Geophysics, peking university, beijing 100871, china Department of Geophysics Peking University Beijing 100871 China

A science plan for future 15 a, 'A Study of Climate Variability and Predictability'(CLIVAR), was published by WMO in 1996. As the plan treated interdecadal climatic variability as a sub-plan, it showed that this problem is very important. By the implementation of 'Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere' (TOGA) 10-a plan during 1985—1994, the interdecadal variability that occurred in ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) ocean-atmosphere interaction has been found. This variability made the traditional ENSO prediction pattern useless

关键词： interdecadal variation climate prediction sea surface temperature earth rotation rate.

New discrete element models for elastoplastic problems

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2009年第5期25卷 629-637页

作者： Ming Cheng Weifu Liu Kaixin Liu LTCS and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering,college of Engineering, peking university, 100871 beijing, china LTCS and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering College of Engineering Peking University 100871 Beijing China

The discrete element method （DEM） has attractive features for problems with severe damages, but lack of theoretical basis for continua behavior especially for nonlinear behavior has seriously restricted its application. The present study proposes a new approach to developing the DEM as a general and robust technique for modeling the elastoplastic behavior of solid materials. New types of connective links between elements are proposed, the interelement parameters are theoretically determined based on the principle of energy equivalence and a yield criterion and a flow rule for DEM are given for describing nonlinear behavior of materials. Moreover, a numerical scheme, which can be applied to modeling the behavior of a continuum as well as the transformation from a continuum to a discontinuum, is obtained by introducing a fracture criterion and a contact model into the DEM. The elastoplastic stress wave propagations and the tensile failure process of a steel plate are simulated, and the numerical results agree well with those obtained from the finite element method （FEM） and corresponding experiment, and thus the accuracy and efficiency of the DEM scheme are demonstrated.

关键词： DEM Continuum Plasticity Fracture

Explanation of the mechanism of carcinogenesis and syntheses of anticancer agents with high selectivity

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第1期49卷 44-62页

作者： DAI Qianhuan1,2 1. Center of Chemistry and Bioengineering of Cancer Research, beijing Polytechnic university (Now known as beijing Univer-sity of Technology), beijing 100022, china 2. Center of Environmental sciences, peking university, beijing 100871, china 1. Center of Chemistry and Bioengineering of Cancer Research Beijing Polytechnic University Beijing 100022 China 2. Center of Environmental sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

In 1979, the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis, a challenging anddifficult scientific problem pending for a number of years, was explained by Dai Qianhuan. Themechanism named di-region theory predicted that a carcinogen always metabolizes to form a specialbi-functional alky-lating agent. This agent induces cross-linkages between the complementary basepairs in DMA and switches on initial mutageneses in genomes including point and frameshiftmutations. This, in turn, induces further deep mutageneses including the production of variouschimeric chromosomes, deletions and other aberrations found in genomes. In the end this initiatescarcinogenesis of the whole cell through the reverse transcription mechanism after a lengthyincubation period. Recently, this laboratory has verified that physical carcinogenesis, includingthe oncogenesis induced by radiation and asbestos as well as the carcinogenesis induced byendogenous factors such as estrogen or diethyl-stilbestrol switch on carcinogenesis by inducing theformation of cross-linkages between the complementary base pairs in DNA. Di-region theory has nowbeen supported by many experimental observations such as mutational spectra of various *** potential for carcinogenesis, teratogenesis, sterility and mutagenesis lumped together asgenetic toxicity appears to originate almost uniformly from the cross-linking between complementarybases, i.e. malignant cross-linking, which is in accordance with di-region theory. Other forms ofcross-linking between non-complementary bases, benign cross-linkings, show bi-functional alkylationanticancer activity but lack genetic toxicity. The predictable design and synthesis of a highselectivity anticancer agent with high efficacy and low genetic toxicity, a goal long pursued incancer chemotherapy, have been realized for the first time in this laboratory by inhibitingmalignant and heightening benign cross-linking using the principles of di-region theory. A series ofpatented new anticanc

关键词： mechanism of carcinogenesis, di-region theory, minoplatin, selectivity of anticancer agent, cross-linking between DNA bases, anticancer platinum complexes, predictive design of anticancer agent, second generation anticancer agent.