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Effects of Soil Aeration on Sweet Potato Yield and Its Physiological Mechanism

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第2期1卷 189-194页

作者： SHI Chun-yu,WANG Zhen-lin and YU Song-lie(College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018) College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018

The effects of soil aeration on physiological characters and root tuber yield of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. CV Lushu7 and Xushu18 were studied. The results showed that soil aeration improvement could increase ATP content and ATPase activity in functional leaves and root tubers and ABA content in root tubers. It also accelerated the transportation of 14C-photosynthate from leaves to root tubers and enhanced dry matter distribution in root tubers and thus root tuber yield was significantly raised. The role of ATP, ATPase and ABA in accelerating the transportation of 14C-photosynthate was discussed based on the changes of soluble carbonhydrate content in sweet potato plant.

关键词： Sweet potato Soil aeration Root tuber yield Physiological peculiarity

Effects of Synergism Between PVY and PVX on Virus Titer and Cell Ultrastructure in Tobacco Plants

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2003年第2期2卷 163-169,T001-T002页

作者： LI Han , GUO Xing-qi , LI Xiang-dong, GUO Heng-jun and LI Zhao-huiCollege of Life Sciences , Shandong Agricultural University ,Tai’an 271018 , P. R. China College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University , Tai’an 271018 , P. R. China College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P. R. China College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P. R. China

The viruses titer and the ultrastructure of infected cells in tobacco host (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun), which doubly infected with potato virus Y necrosis strain (PVYN) and potato virus X (PVX), were studied under greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that PVYN and PVX interacted synergistically. and tobacco plants which doubly infected with PVX and PVYN could greatly increase symptom severity as compared with that induced by the single virus. As determined by triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (TAS-ELISA), the titer of PVX in the tobacco leaves infected with both PVYN and PVX was up to 9.10 times higher than the plants infected with PVX only. No significant differences in PVYN titer were detected between singly and doubly infected plants. The enhancement of PVX titer in doubly infected plants was evident in greenhouse and was independent of the virus strains, tested seasons, intervals between PVYN and PVX inoculation. When sections of doubly infected leaves were examined with an electron microscope, it could be frequently found that cells contained pinwheels and large masses of PVX-like particles, pinwheels and laminate inclusions, or all three structures, most of them were swollen, and their chloroplast and other organella were destructed heavily. This suggested that doubly infected cells were involved in the enhancement phenomenon, which seemed to be the result of an increase in the amount of PVX synthesized in them.

关键词： Potato virus Y Potato virus X Synergism Cytopathology

Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第7期18卷 825-831页

作者： Haiyan Sun 1, Jianhua Lü1, Yuding Fan, Yan Zhao, Fanmei Kong, Rijun Li, Honggang Wang, Sishen Li *National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Agronomy Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an 271018 China

Quality traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were studied by quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross (ChSh). Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99–40.52% of phe- notypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster includ- ing protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.

关键词： Wheat QTL Quality trait Protein Starch RIL

Ultrastructural Alteration of Maize Plants Infected with the Maize Rough Dwarf Virus

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第5期1卷 531-534页

作者： LI Zhao-hui, GUO Xing-qi, YE Bao-hua and GUO Yan-kui( College of Plant Protection , Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R.China College of Life Sciences , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian 271018 , P.R.China) College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P.R. China College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P. R. China

The ultrastructural alteration of maize plants infected with the maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) was studied with transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that aggregates of virus particles , with a diameter of 60nm, were found in the root cell, and always distributed near the vacuole membrane. However, no such particles were checked in leaf cells. Moreover, no virus was observed in choroplasts, mitochondria nuclei, plasmodesmata or intercellular canal of all kinds of infected cells of maize, either. Structures of various organelles changed in the infected leaf and root cells of maize. An inward collapse and localized splitting of the tonoplast were observed, the chloropoast structure was destroyed by MRDV, and the number of destroyed or dysplasia chloroplast in leaf cells with serious symptoms was more than that in leaves without symptoms. The matrix of mitochondria in cells infected by MRDV decreased and some of them expanded and destructed. Nuclei was abnormal and the nuclear membrane was broken. In addition, the infected cells were characterized by a voluminous cytoplasm containing hypertrophied endoplasmic reticulum, with rich ribosome content and lots of starch grain.

关键词： Maize rough dwarf virus Cy topathology Electron microscopy

Study on the Pathogenicity of Chinese Strains of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Viruses

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第5期1卷 585-588页

作者： DU Yan and GUI Zhi-zhong(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R. China) College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P. R. China

The pathogenicity of 4 Chinese strains of subgroup J avian leukosis viruses (ALV-J), SD9901, SD9902, YZ9901 and YZ9902,was studied. The results showed that only SD9902 among the 4 strains induced mortality from myeloid leukosis (ML). In the 12 meat-type chickens inoculated with SD9902 at 1-day-old, 9 died between 22 days and 38 days after inoculation. No death or ML was found in chickens inoculated with the other 3 strains during the period of 6 months. These results suggested the SD9902 strain of ALV-J was an acute transforming virus, but SD9901, YZ9901 and YZ9902 were non-transforming viruses. All 4 Chinese strains did not induce any tumors in egg-type SPF chickens during 7 months after hatching when viruses were injected into 11-day-old embryos.

关键词： ALV-J Pathogenicity Myeloid leukosis

Effect of Different Fertilizing Methods on Zinc Nutrition in Zn-Deficiency Apple Trees

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第12期1卷 1365-1369页

作者： WANG Yan-an, FAN Wei-guo, ZHANG Fang-ai, LI Ling and LI De-quan(College of Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 ,P. R.China College of Life Science , Shandong Agricultural University , Taian 271018 , P. R. China) College of Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018P.R.China College of Life Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018 P.R.China

Red Fuji apple trees of Zn-deficiency were used as material in the experiment. The effect of different Zn application methods on the regularity of Zn transportation and nutrition was studied. It was found that the storage of Zn in the branches was greatly increased by foliar application of the solution of 15% ZnSO4·7H2O before abscission. It had advantage to keep suitable Zn content in leaves, branches and roots, as well as between Zn and P and K, which increased Zn transportation and reusability. Zn content in roots increased when Zn was used in soil in autumn. However, the absorbed Zn did not transport to the top of the plant. It was used by the plant next year. Foliar application of ZnSO4·7H2O at early stage of the plant growth enhanced Zn content of the branch. However, the effect was kept for a short time. It had little effect on Zn transportation when Zn was sprayed three weeks after blossoming.

关键词： Apple trees Zinc Nutrition balance Foliar application

Algorithm of neural-network about solving nonlinear least squares adjustment by parameters

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2005年第S1期15卷 145-147页

作者： QING Xi-hong~1, NING Wei~(1,2), TAO Hua-xue~1 (1. Shandong University of Science and Technology, Tai’an 271019, China 2. Shandong Agriculture University, Tai’an 271018, China)

Study on solving nonlinear least squares adjustment by parameters is one of the most important and new subjects in modern surveying and mapping field . Many researchers have done a lot of work and gained some solving methods. These methods mainly include iterative algorithms and direct algorithms mainly. The former searches some methods of rapid convergence based on which surveying adjustment is a kind of problem of nonlinear programming. Among them the iterative algorithms of the most in common use are the Gauss-Newton method, damped least quares, quasi-Newton method and some mutations etc. Although these methods improved the quantity of the observation results to a certain degree, and increased the accuracy of the adjustment results, what we want is whether the initial values of unknown parameters are close to their real values. Of course, the model of the latter has better degree in linearity, that is to say, they nearly have the meaning of deeper theories researches. This paper puts forward a kind of method of solving the problems of nonlinear least squares adjustment by parameters based on neural network theory, and studies its stability and convergency. The results of calculating of living example indicate the method acts well for solving parameters problems by nonlinear least squares adjustment without giving exact approximation of parameters.

关键词： neural network nonlinear least squares adjustment by parameters stability convergency

Determination of the Number of SSR Alleles Necessary for the Analysis of Genetic Relationships Between Maize Inbred Lines

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第12期9卷 1713-1725页

作者： WU Cheng-lai, LI Sheng-fu, DONG Bing-xue, ZHANG Qian-qian and ZHANG Chun-qing State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Agriculture Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China

The amount of molecular marker information has considerable impact on the results of studies of crop germplasm genetic relationships in crop. The number of alleles required to reveal genetic relationship in maize inbred lines is a theoretical issue that needs to be addressed. In this study, 112 pairs of SSR （simple sequence repeat） primers and 97 maize inbred lines were selected to study the relationship between the number of inbred lines and the number of SSR primers and alleles required for a stable cluster. The results showed that the number of SSR primers is not tightly associated with the stability of the cluster analysis results, while an increase in the number of alleles can significantly improve the stability of cluster analysis results. The number of inbred lines （X） is significantly associated with the number of alleles required for stable cluster analysis （Y）, and the regression equation is Y- 600.8xe（-15.9/x）. This equation can be used to calculate the number of SSR alleles required for a genetic relationship study of maize inbred lines. These results provide a reference for determining of SSR alleles number in genetic relationship analysis of maize inbred line and other crop germplasm.

关键词： maize inbred line SSR number of alleles genetic relationship

Wheat Grain Yield and Protein Content as Influenced by Sodium Bisulfite

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第2期1卷 163-168页

作者： WANG Xian-ze, ZHANG Shu-qin, TIAN Ji-chun and ZHAO Shi-jie( College of Life Sciences , Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 ) College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Taian 271018

Two wheat varieties with similar yield and significantly different protein content were chosen to study the effect of foliage spraying sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) at low concentration to wheat plants receiving different levels of nitrogen on nitrate reduction along with yield and protein content of grain, so as to discuss the relationship between carbon metabolism and nitrogen metabolism, and find out the intrinsic mechanism of grain yield and protein content formation. The results showed that spraying NaHSO3 at grain-filing stage increased the yield of grain, but declined the capacity of nitrate reduction, which might result in decrease of protein content in the end. Whether receiving NaHSO, or not, the variety with high protein content had higher final protein level and nitrate reduction capacity than that with low protein content.

关键词： Wheat Sodium bisulfite Nitrate reduction Yield Protein content