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Abnormal high pressure in Kuqa foreland thrust belt of tarim basin: Origin and impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation

Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1307-1314页

作者： ZENG Lianbo~1** and LIU Benming~ 1,2.(1. Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china Petroleum University, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102.49, china 2. The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development,{2. oilfield company, petrochina company Limited, Korla 841000, china) Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation in china Petroleum University Ministry of Education Beijing 102249 China The Institute of Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Company Limited Korla 841000 China

Following analyses of the abnormal high pressure distribution characteristics, based on the geological characteristics, tectonic stress field and physical simulation, we investigated the formation mechanisms of abnormal high pressure and its impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure appears at the bottom of the Paleogene and obviously exists in the Triassic and Jurassic. However, the pressure coefficient in the Triassic and Jurassic is lower than that in the Cretaceous and at the bottom of the Paleogene. Horizontally, the abnormal high pressure distribution is characterized by E-W orientation zoning. The maximum pressure coefficient lies in the Kelasu-Dongqiu-Dina tectonic zones in the center of the Kuqa foreland thrust belt and decreases away from the tectonic zones. The formation of abnormal high pressure was mainly related with the intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene time, and tectonic uplifting, undercompaction and hydrocarbon generation were secondary factors contributing to abnormal high pressure. Under the rapid and intense tectonic compression in the Early Pleistocene, the rock framework firstly undertook 1/4 of the compression stress and the other was borne by the pore fluids. Due to the presence of great seal of gypsum-salt or gypsum-mudstone beds in the Paleogene, the pressure of pore fluids increased rapidly and led to the abnormal high pressure in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt. The abnormal high pressure has important impacts on hydrocarbon accumulation. It is one of the necessary conditions for formation of large oil and gas fields in the Kuqa foreland thrust belt.

关键词： abnormal high pressure formation mechanism oil and gas reservoir Kuqa foreland thrust belt tarim basin.

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Accumulation characteristics and the main controlling factors of Lunnan multilayer oil province,tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 65-76页

作者： YANG HaiJun1 ,2.HAN JianFa 1,2.1Resources School of china University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,china 2.esearch Institutes of{2. oilfield company,petrochina,Korla 841000,china Resources School of china University of Geosciences Wuhan China Research Institutes of tarim oilfield{2. PetroChina Korla China

Lunnan region is a large-scale paleohigh with many coexisting oil and gas bearing *** present, about 2.billions tons of proved,probable and possible oil and gas reverses have been proved *** oil and gas bearing series have been found in the Ordovician,Carboniferous,Triassic and Jurassic of Lunnan region,they all bear the characteristics of large-scale multilayer oil-gas *** is the main reservoir series where over 0.8 billion tons of oil geologic reserves were discovered,and a super large-scale marine carbonate oil and gas field has *** space of the carbonate reservoirs is mainly composed of dissolved hole,dissolved pore and fracture in Lunnan paleo-burial ***, dissolved holes are widely distributed among *** developments are mainly controlled by karstification and tectonic *** to the similar geochemical characters,the Ordovician,Carboniferous,Triassic and Jurassic oil and gas reservoirs present the same oil source rock of Mid-Upper Ordovician,the latter except Ordovician are mostly of secondary oil and gas reservoirs migrated vertically by faults during the process of multiple phase tectonic movement,adjustment and reconstruction. Lunnan composite oil and gas accumulation region is situated in the vicinity of large-scale hydrocarbon generation depressions in three directions,ample oil and gas from hydrocarbon generation depressions supplied the adjacent oil and gas reservoirs ***,the succeed paleohigh is the long-term hydrocarbon accumulation region,which is favor for the formations of high quality reservoirs,fault systems and huge-scale composite oil and gas accumulation.

关键词： multilayer oil and gas reservoirs paleohigh Ordovician Lunnan region tarim Basin

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Timing and history of marine hydrocarbon accumulation in tarim craton

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 120-127页

作者： ZHAO Jingzhou~(1,2. & LI Qiming~3 1. Department of Petroleum Geology, Xi’an Petroleum Institute, Xi’an 710065, china 2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 3. tarim oilfield company, Kuerle, Xinjiang 841000, china Department of Petroleum Geology Xi’an Petroleum Institute Xi’an China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing China tarim oilfield{2. Kuerle Xinjiang China

Based on the analyses of hydrocarbon inclu-sions, K-Ar dating of authigenic illites and oil/gas-watercontact retrospection as well as other methods, the marineprimary reservoirs in the cratonic region of the tarim Basinare found to have been formed in the late Caledonian toearly Hercynian, late Hercynian, and Himalayan, and oil andgas adjusted and redistributed in the Yanshanian (Jurassic toCretaceous) and Himalayan (Tertiary). The analyses alsoshow that the remaining primary oil accumulations aremostly formed in the late Hercynian, and the secondary oilreservoirs resulted from the adjustment and redistribution ofthe earlier accumulations during the Yanshanian and Hima-layan (especially late Himalayan), of which the Himalayan isalso the major stage of gas accumulation. The primary oilreservoirs formed in the late Hercynian mostly occur withinthe Paleozoic formation, whereas the secondary reservoirsformed in the Himalayan in the Mesozoic. The late adjust-ment and redistribution of reservoirs in the craton region ofthe tarim Basin is ubiquitous because of the intensified tec-tonic movements since the Mesozoic, especially Cenozoic andintrusion of the high- to over-mature gas. Furthermore, thelower amplitude of reservoirs in the craton region also makesthem easier to be adjusted and redistributed. Therefore, theremaining paleo-uplift and palaeo-slope developed in rela-tively stable tectonic regions are the main potential areas forthe middle-large marine reservoirs in the tarim Basin.

关键词： tarim Basin craton geochronology of hydrocarbon accumulation history of hydrocarbon accumulation marine reservoir primary reservoir secondary reservoir.

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Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 84-95页

作者： WANG ZhaoMing 1 ,WANG QingHua 1 ,ZHAO MengJun 2.,LI Yong 1 &XU ZhiMing 3 1 tarim oilfield{2.,petrochina,Kuerle 841000,china 2.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&Development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 3 Southwest Petroleum Institute,Nanchong 637001,china tarim oilfield{2. PetroChina Kuerle China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing China Southwest Petroleum Institute Nanchong China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried *** gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source *** is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3 and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked *** gas is rich in H2. and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of *** accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.

关键词： gas characteristics gas genesis accumulation history Hetianhe gasfield tarim Basin

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Geochemical characteristics and accumulation of marine oil and gas around Halahatang depression,tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 195-206页

作者： LU YuHong,XIAO ZhongYao,GU QiaoYuan&ZHANG QiuCha Research Institute of Exploration and Development,tarim oilfield{2.,petrochina,Korla 841000,china Research Institute of Exploration and Development Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla China

There exists a petroleum system rich of oil and gas around Halahatang depression,where the oil and gas possess obvious local distinctions of properties in different *** research proved that the discovered crude oil and natural gas in the region derived mainly from O2.3 source rock,and the differences of its properties were controlled by the oil and gas filling *** comprehensive study result shows the oil and gas reservoirs of the region mainly underwent three important accumulation phases:late Caledonian-Early Hercynian epoch,late Hercynian epoch,and Yanshan-Himalayan epoch. In the first phase,the oil and gas derived mostly from Cambrian source rock,which formed the primary ancient oil reservoirs,then suffered strong degradation and remained a great quantity of pyrobitumen in the high position of Tabei uplift in the *** the second phase,the O2.3 source rock of Manjia'er depression started its generation of hydrocarbon,which accumulated in the high position of Tabei uplift afterwards,and then biodegradated to heavy oil in the late Hercynian *** the last phase,the O2.3 source rock of southern Halahatang depression and margin of Manjia'er depression started its peak of generating liquid hydrocarbon,which mostly accumulated in the trap formed before the Indo-china and Yanshan epoch,and in somewhere the heavy oil suffered dilutions in various degrees or serious gas invading,to lead to obvious crude oil divergence.

关键词： marine facies Mid-Upper Ordovician source rock oil and gas source accumulation stage Halahatang depression tarim Basin

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Transition from platemargin to intraplate environment: Geochemistry of basalts in Paleogene Liaohe basin, northeastern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2069-2080页

作者： WU Changzhi1, GU Lianxing1, REN Zuowei1,2. ZHANG Zunzhong1, CHEN Zhenyan2.& ZHAO Ming1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research (Nanjing University), Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe oilfield Branch{2., petrochina, Panjin 12.010, china State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit Research (Nanjing University) Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Exploration and Development Research Institute of Liaohe oilfield Branch company PetroChina Panjin China

Paleogene basalts from the Liaohe basin, northeastern china, are dominated by alkaline olivine basalts and olivine basalts. These basalts are generally enriched in high field strength elements (HFSE), depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and comparable to those of typical ocean island basalts (OIB). Positive anomalies of Ba, Sr and Zr with high Nb/U, U/Pb, Ce/Pb and Zr/Hf ratios imply that materials from an oceanic crust had been added to the mantle sources of the basalts. In addition, the basalts are generally depleted in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, indicating that an enriched mantle (EMI) and a depleted mantle (DM) sources were added to the OIB-like resource. Comprehensive research on lithosphere evolution and tectonic setting of the Liaohe basin and surrounding areas suggests that these basalts were derived by variable degrees of partial melt-ing from an upwelling asthenosphere mantle. Materials from an oceanic lithosphere were added to the source in company with Paleogene tectonic transition from platemargin to intraplate envi-ronment. Retreating and steepening of the subducting Pacific oceanic plate could be the main cause for the tectonic environment transition.

关键词： geochemistry, basalt, Paleogene, Liaohe basin, North china Block, eastern china.

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Structural characteristics and petroliferous features of tarim Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2002年第S1期47卷 1-11页

作者： JIA Chengzao~1 & WEI Guoqi~2.1. petrochina company Limited, Beijing 100011,{2. 2. Langfang Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, petrochina, Langfang 065007,{2. petrochina company Limited Beijing China Langfang Branch of Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Langfang China

Using the modern tectonic geology theories andmethods such as the plate tectonic analysis, the paleo-struc-ture analysis, the structural-Iithofacies analysis, and the faultrelated fold and petroleum system, and combining with theseismic data, well drilling data and the circumferential fieldgeology, study on the structural characteristics and petro-leum prospect in the tarim Basin has been carried out. Re-sults show that the tarim Basin is a large superimpositionand combination basin with continental crustal basement,composed of a Paleozoic craton and Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins. The characteristics of the basin are: the kernel partof the basin is the marine facies Paleozoic craton, superim-posed 4 continental facies foreland basins. Though the scaleof the paleozoic craton of the tarim Basin is relatively small,the structure is steady. The petroleum prospect of the Paleo-zoic craton is: multiphase pool-generation and accumulationcontrolled by ancient uplift. The Meso-Cenozoic forelandbasins in the tarim Basin, which are distributed on the era-tonic circumference and are a long-term subsidence, turnedinto rejuvenated foreland basins after the Meso-Cenozoicperiod. The petroleum prospects are: coal-bed generatinghydrocarbon, abundant natural gas, pool-generation in laterand recent periods, the oil and gas distribution controlled bythe foreland thrust belt. The structural characteristics oftarim provide it with a superimposition and combinationpetroleum system of multiple resources, multiple reservoirsand multiphase pool-generation. The oil and gas explorationprospect covers two large fields: the Paleozoic craton and theMeso-Cenozoic foreland thrust belt.

关键词： tarim superimposition and combination basin craton foreland basin superimposition and combination petroleum system.

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Jinning granodiorite and diorite deeply concealed in the central tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2061-2068页

作者： LI Yuejun1, 2. SONG Wenjie2. WU Genyao1, WANG Yifen1, LI Yuping2.& ZHENG Duoming2.1. Institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 2. tarim Oil-field{2., petrochina, Korla 841000, china Institute of Geology & Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China tarim Oil-field company PetroChina China

The 72.0-m-deep Well Tacan 1 in the central tarim Basin is the deepest in china. Purplish gray medium-grained granodiorite containing dark gray fine-grained diorite xenolith is revealed at the base of the well (7169―72.0 m), and they are results of the Jinning magmatic activities. Trace-element geochemistry and REE profiles of both rock types are similar, indicating that they are calc-alkaline series I-type granitoid. Proxies of diorite signify the development of a magmatic arc due to subduction at ca. 12.0 Ma. The granodiorite was formed before 890―932.Ma. However, more study is needed to clarify if the arc diorite represents a ca. 300 Ma extension of the subduction or a reactivation during the orogenic collision event at ca. 900 Ma.

关键词： diorite, granodiorite, magmatic arc, Jinning orogeny, tarim Basin.

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Influence of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in tarim Basin by faulting

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 53-60页

作者： L XiuXiang1,2.YANG Ning1,2.ZHOU XinYuan3,YANG HaiJun3 & LI JianJiao1,2.1 Faculty of Natural Resource & Information Technology,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china 3 tarim oilfield,petrochina,Korla 841000,china Faculty of Natural Resource & Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China tarim oilfield PetroChina Korla China

The quality of the Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds in the tarim Basin is closely related to the development of secondary pores,fractures and cavities. Karstification is important in improving the properties of reservoir beds,and karstification related to unconformity has caught wide attention. Compared with the recent research on the unconformity karst reservoir bed improvement,this paper shows a new way of carbonate reservoir bed transformation. Based on field survey,core and slices observation,transformation of Ordovician carbonate reservoir beds by faulting can be classified into three types: (1) Secondary faults and fracturs generated by faulting improved carbonate reservoir bed properties,which were named the Lunnan or Tazhong82.model; (2. upflow of deep geothermal fluids caused by faulting,with some components metasomatizing with carbonate and forming some secon-dary deposit,such as fluorite. It can improve carbonate reservoir bed properties obviously and is named the Tazhong 82.model; and (3) the faulting extending up to the surface increased the depth of supergene karstification and the thickness of reservoir bed. It is named the Hetianhe model. Trans-formation effect of carbonate reservoir beds by faulting was very significant,mainly distributed on the slopes or on the edge or plunging end of the uplift.

关键词： carbonate faulting reservoir transformation Ordovician tarim Basin

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Paleomagnetic results of the Cretaceous marine sediments in Tongyouluke, southwest tarim

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第3期48卷 406-416页

作者： SHEN Zhongyue1, CHEN Hanlin1, FANG Dajun1, DING Jinghai1, ZHANG Shiben2. HUANG Zhibin2.& LI Meng2.1. Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31002. china 2. tarim Oil Field{2., petrochina{2. Limited, Korla 830011, china Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou China tarim Oil Field company PetroChina Company Limited Korla China

Paleomagnetic and rock magnetic studies on samples of 18 sites from the Creta- ceous marine sedimentary rocks in the Tongyouluke section, Akto County, southwest tarim, china show that the magnetic carriers of the Lower Cretaceous are dominated by hematite with some magnetite, while the magnetic carriers of the Upper Cretaceous are characterized by a combination of magnetite and titanomagnetite as well as hematite and goethite. Stepwise thermal demagnetization is performed and vector analysis is used to isolate magnetic components, which illustrates a single magnetic component or double magnetic components. The high temperature stable components are dual polarities and pass polarity test, reversal test and consistency test. The overall mean direction of the Lower Cretaceous is D = 2..0°, I = 42.0°, α95=6.5° with pole position at φ = 190.3°, λ=63.1°, dp=4.9°, dm=8.0°. The overall mean direction of the Upper Cretaceous is D = 2..1°, I = 39.4°, α95=11.2. with pole position at φ =190.9°, λ=60.3°, dp= 8.0°, dm=13.4°. Compared with the inclination of the Early Cretaceous from red beds of north tarim, the contemporary inclination of southwest tarim is 10.0°±7.8° sharper, but it is still 8.1° ±8.9°, shallower than that of Early Cretaceous basalts in southwest tarim. Although these pa- leomagnetic data show slightly larger confidence limit, the paleolatitude of the marine Cretaceous tends to lie between that of terrestrial red beds and volcanic rocks.

关键词： tarim paleomagnetism, Cretaceous, magnetic inclination, red beds, marine sedimentary rock.

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