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Periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South china

Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第7期57卷 790-794页

作者： HU Rong1,2.3, ZHAO LingXia1,2.& WU XinZhi2.1 Key laboratory of evolutionary Systematics of {2.s, institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044, china 2.laboratory of human evolution, institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044, china 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china laboratory of human {2. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

Periodicity of Retzius lines is a key factor in dental development. In this study, we examined the periodicity of Retzius lines in fossil Pongo from South china using polarized light microscope observation of dental ground sections. The periodicities all of the 15 teeth were 9 d. Comparisons of periodicity were made with extant primates, fossil apes and hominins. Periodicity of fossil Pongo from South china was relatively long but fell within the variation of extant Pongo, Gorilla and modern {2., and longer than periodicity of Pan and other extant primates. Fossil Pongo from South china was similar to Lufengpithecus and Sivapithecus, shorter than Gigantopithecus and longer than European and African fossil apes and most early hominins in periodicity. Generally, the periodicities of Asian large-body fossil apes were longer than the periodicities of European and African large-body fossil apes in Miocene. Difference among species and trend of evolution in periodicity were analyzed and discussed. We found that periodicity might gradually increase from Proconsul in early Miocene to several fossil apes in Miocene and then Gigantopithecus in Pleistocene. In addition, this study made correlate analysis between periodicity and body mass respectively in males and females of six extant apes and five fossil apes, and found that periodicity positively correlated with body mass.

关键词：周期性变化中国南方大猩猩化石灵长类动物早中新世类人猿显微镜观察

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Some problems on the studies of the late Pleistocene human evolution and formation of modern human populations

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第12期16卷 1233-1241页

作者： LIU Wu(institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044, china) [a]institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

For the past two decades, studies and debates on the modern human origins around the world have attracted attentions to the late Pleistocene human {2. and formation of modern human populations, and some controversial hypotheses and problems have been proposed. In the present paper, some problems on the late Pleistocene human {2., and the formation and differentiations of modern human populations in china are studied with a brief description and comments on the research advances in this field.

关键词： late Pleistocene human evolution formation and differentiation of modern human population paleoanthropology.

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A zooarchaeological study of bone assemblages from the Ma'anshan Paleolithic site

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第3期53卷 395-402页

作者： ZHANG Yue1,2.3, WANG ChunXue1,2. ZHANG ShuangQuan1,2.& GAO Xing1,2.1 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044 2.Joint {2. of human evolution and Archaeometry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044 3 State Key {2. of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing 2.0008 1. institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China2. Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China3. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing 210008 China

Ten thousands of bone fragments were recovered from the Ma’anshan Paleolithic site, of which 4358 pieces can be identified to skeletal elements or species. In this research, the bone assemblages are quantified based on elements of MNI, MNE, and MAU. Then bone surface modifications and skeletal element profiles of the bone assemblages are studied to understand shlepping behaviors and reveal the technique of disarticulating and defleshing the animals’ bodies, etc. Based on the analyses of bone assemblages and the comparative study with the ethnoarchaeological as well as experimental data, it is assumed that later hominids at the site made fuller use of the game animals than the earlier hominids. Incorporating the lines of evidence from chronological dating, paleoenvironment, and polished bone tools between the two cultural layers, here we propose three hypotheses suggesting that the changes of environment, the migrations of the hominids from the North, or the demographic pulses may cause such a behavioral difference. However, it is yet to be determined which hypothesis can better explain the changes.

关键词： Ma’anshan site zooarchaeology Paleolithic hominid behavior

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A new iguanodontid (Jin-zhousaurus yangi *** ***.) from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第19期46卷 1669-1672页

作者： WANG Xiaolin & XU Xing1. institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044,{2. 2. College of Earth Sciences and Resources,{2. University of Geo-sciences, beijing 100083,{2. institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China College of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China

A new iguanodontid, Jinzhousaurus yangi gen. et sp. nov., is erected based on the cranial and dental morphology of a specimen from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. Although a few primitive characteristics remain, Jinzhousaurus yangi display a number of characteristics similar to those seen in derived iguanodontids. Other interesting characteristics include the absence of antorbital fenestra and the frontal excluded from the participation in orbit, which are closer to the condition in hadrosaurids. The unusual combination of the characteristics provides important data for assessing morphological evolution toward hadrosaurs. The new discovery also represents the first reported large-sized dinosaur from Jehol fauna in western Liaoning, and increases the diversity of this famous fauna. Furthermore, the discovery of a derived iguanodontid from the Yixian Formation provides further evidence supporting a Cretaceous age of the Jehol fauna, which is consistent with an isotopic age.

关键词： Western Liaoning Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation Jehol Biota Iguanodontid

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Liaoxiornis delicatus *** ***.,the smallest Mesozoic bird

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第9期44卷 834-838页

作者： HOU Lianhai and CHEN Peiji institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , beijing 100044,{2. Nanjing institute of Geology and paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ,{2. institute of Vertebra paleontology und {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Nanjing Instittue of Gology and paleontology Chinese Academy of Sciences China

Recently, a very small and complete bird specimen was collected from the Confuciusornis-bearing Yixian Formation. This finding represents a new kind of Mesozoic bird, named Liaoxiornis delicatus. It is characterized by a short skull with teeth, a long neck and a very small sternum with only posterior process; the humeral head is not internally curved, and the hindlimbs are longer than the forelimbs. Liaoxiomis delicatus is not only much smaller than Confuciusornis, but also smaller than Cathayomis and other early Cretaceous birds. It is the smallest bird known from Mesozoic deposit. Liaoxiornis provides new evidence indicating that the early adaptive radiation of birds is complicated.

关键词： Mesozoic early bird evolution of birds.

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Dynamics of morphological changes for mitochondrial fission and fusion

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 680-689页

作者： WANG ShiQi 1,2.4 , FU ChangLiang 1,2., ZHANG Yan 1,2., CHEN Quan 3 & LONG Mian 1,2.1 Key laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity laboratory), {2. 100190, china 2.Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 100190, china 3 State Key laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, {2. 100101, china 4 institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,{12., china 1. Key laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity laboratory) Beijing 100190 China2. Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China4. Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China3. State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Mitochondria experience continuous fusion and fission in a living cell, but their dynamics remains poorly quantified. Here a theoretical model was developed, upon a simplified population balance equation (PBE), to predict the morphological changes induced by mitochondrial fission and fusion. Assuming that both fission and fusion events are statistically independent, the survival probability of mitochondria staying in the fission or fusion state was formulated as an exponentially-decayed function with time, which depended on the time-dependent distribution of the mitochondrial volume and the fission and fusion rates. Parametric analysis was done for two typical volume distributions. One was Gamma distribution and the other was Gaussian distribution, derived from the measurements of volume distribution for individual mitochondria in a living cell and purified mitochondria in vitro. The predictions indicated that the survival probability strongly depended on morphological changes of individual mitochondria and was inversely correlated to the fission and fusion rates. This work provided a new insight into quantifying the mitochondrial dynamics via monitoring the evolution of the mitochondrial volume.

关键词： mitochondria morphology fission fusion dynamics modeling

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Statistical analyses of metric data of hominoid teeth found in Yuanmou of china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2000年第10期45卷 936-942页

作者： LIU Wu, ZHENG Liang & JIANG Chu1. institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044,{2. 2. institute of Archaeology of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650118,{2. 3. Yuanmou Man Museum, Yuanmou 651300,{2. institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Archaeology of Yunnan Province Kunming China Yuanmou Man Museum Yuanmou China

Mesial-distal and buccal-lingual dimensions of 1 2.6 hominoid teeth found in Yuanmou of Yunnan Province during the period of 1986 and 1988 have been measured. The statistical analyses of the metric data show that the tooth sizes of Yuanmou hominoid can be divided into big and small two types, and most tooth dimensions display obvious bimodalities in both histograms and 2.dimensional plots. The coefficients of variance (CV) reveal that the CVs of Yuanmou hominoid tooth sizes are within or close to the CV ranges of Lufengpithecus and extant great apes. The comparisons of tooth sizes and their proportions indicate that Yuanmou hominoids have close affinities with Lefeng and Kaiyuan hominoids, and have obvious differences with Gorilla, Chimpanzee and Orangutan. The authors believe that the hominoid fossils found in Yuanmou in the past 10 years represent a single species with highly sexual dimorphism in morphology and this species may have a close evolutionary relationship with the hominoids found in

关键词： human origin Yuanmou hominoid dental metrics statistical analyses.

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First Record of Protorosaurid Reptile (Order Protorosauria) from the Middle Triassic of china

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2003年第4期77卷 419-423页

作者： LI Chuninstitute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044 institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044

A new genus and species of the family Tanystropheidae, Dinocephalosaurus orientalis gen. et sp. nov., is described based on a nearly complete skull. This is the first record of the order Protorosauria from china. It also represents the only known occurrence of Tanystropheidae outside Europe, the Middle East and North America. Dinocephalosaurus is quite similar to Tanystropheus from Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland. Primarily it is distinguished from Tanystropheus in the shape of the premaxilla, maxilla, jugal and parietal. Although the family Tanystropheidae is now referred to the order Protorosauria, the new material from china indicates that the archosauromorph affinities of tanystropheids need further investigation. The discovery of Dinocephalosaurus provides new clues for the study of the {2. and radiation of Protorosauria and Tanystropheidae. It is also important for the study of the eastern Tethyan Fauna and the paleobiogeographical relationship between Europe and southern china in the Triassic.

关键词： Protorosauria Tanystropheidae Middle Triassic Guizhou china

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Use-wear evidence confirms the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes of Upper Palaeolithic in northern china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第3期55卷 268-275页

作者： ZHANG XiaoLing1,2.3, SHEN Chen1,2.4 GAO Xing1,2.CHEN FuYou1,2.& WANG ChunXue1,2.3 1institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044, china 2.6} of human evolution and Archaeometry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044, china 3Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100049, china 4The Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto M5S 2.6, Canada institute of vertebrate {2. and paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China laboratory of human {2. and Archaeometry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Royal Ontario Museum Toronto M5S 2C6 Canada

Chipped-stone "adze-shaped objects" (ASOs) were identified from a few Upper Palaeolithic sites in northern china. Its morpho- logical form resembles to ground-stone type-specific adze, but the function of the ASO has never been assessed. The objective of this study is to investigate the use function of this particular tool type recovered from the Hutouliang site in the Nihewan Basin of northern china. In this study, the lithic use-wear analysis is applied to examining microscopically edge-damages and sur- face-rounding of the tools in order to assess how they were employed. The result suggests that the ASO might have been used as woodworking tools with a hafted shaft, providing evidence for the appearance of the earliest hafted chipped-stone adzes prior to 10000 years ago in northern china. This study also demonstrates that the use-wear technique is an innovated and effective analytic appraoch to the study of stone tool functions that has been conventionally treated by typo-technological analyses. Stone tool use-patterns revealed by use-wear evidence would shed new insights on prehistoric adaptive strategies of modern human in northern china.

关键词：旧石器时代晚期中国北方磨损证据石材加工工具木工工具中国网站技术分析

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Discovery of a pterodactylid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning,china

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2001年第13期46卷 1112-1117页

作者： WANG Xiaolin & LU Junchang1. institute of vertebrate paleontology and paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, beijing 100044,{2. 2. College of Earth Sciences and Resources,{2. University of Geo-sciences, beijing 100083,{2. 3. Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 752.5, USA institute of vertebrate {2. Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100044 China

A well-preserved pterosaur with nearly complete skull is described from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation at Sihetun in western Liaoning. It is characterized by a low and long crestless skull, slender and pointed teeth, long metacarpal, nearly equal length of metatarsals I -III and short pedal digit V. It is referred to a new genus and species of the family Pterodactylidae: Haopterus gracilis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first pterosaur with a nearly complete skull from the Jehol Biota; it also represents the first non-controversial fossil record of Pterodactylidae in Asia. Haopterus is more derived than Pterodactylus from the Late Jurassic Solnhofen in Germany. This discovery extends the distribution of the family Pterodactylidae from Europe and Africa to Asia and its latest occurrence from the Late Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. The discovery of Haopterus gracilis provides further evidence for the study of the originand radiation of the Jehol Biota; it also sheds new light on the evolution and

关键词： western Liaoning Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation Pterodactylidae.

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