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Changes in hair arsenic concentration in a population exposed to heavy pollution:Follow-up investigation in Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,Southern china

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第2期22卷 283-289页

作者： Bin Wu,Tongbin Chen Center for Environmental Remediation,institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research,{4. academy of Sciences,beijing 100101,china. [a] Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern china in 2002 and 2006. The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2002 to 1.78 mg/kg in 2006, when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4. in 2002 to 80.5% in 2006. Over this four-year period, the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious change in hair arsenic concentration for people who had relatively low concentrations. In terms of age distribution, young and old people had higher hair arsenic concentrations than the middle-aged. All of these results showed that it is difficult to reverse the negative impact of arsenic pollution on human health. Arsenic pollution has a long-term continuous influence on the health of local residents.

关键词： arsenic human health soil contamination hair arsenic

Patterns of platinum-group elements in mantle peridotite, granulite xenoliths and basalt in Hannuoba

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chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第18期44卷 1676-1681页

作者： CHU Xuelei, LI Xiaolin, XU Jiuhua and LIU Jianming1. The research Center of Mineral resources Exploration , chinese academy of Sciences ,{4., china 2. institute of Geology , chinese academy of Sciences , beijing 100029, china 3. institute of High Energy Physics , chinese academy of Sciences , beijing 100817 , china 4. beijing University of Science and Engineering , beijing 100083, china Corresponding author The research Center of Mineral resources Exploration Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China beijing University of Science and Engineering Beijing China

Neutron activation analysis after preconcentration of nickel sulfide fire assay was used in measurement of Ru, Ph, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt (i.e. PGE elements) and Au concentrations for basalt, mantle and granulite xenoliths in Hannuoba. The chondrite- and primitive mantle-normalized PGE patterns generally exhibit flat (for Iherzolite), negative slope (for harzburgite),

关键词： mantle xenolith granulite xenolith basalt platinum-group element Hannuoba.

Rocky Land Desertification and its Driving Forces in the Karst Areas of Rural Guangxi,Southwest china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2008年第4期5卷 350-357页

作者： LIU Yansui WANG Jieyong DENG Xiangzheng institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing loolo~ ChinaGraduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China

With a subtropical climate,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region has a typical karst *** desertification has become a serious environmental issue due to its high vulnerability caused by the joint effect of natural settings and human activities,because of which its eco-environment has been deteriorated in recent years,and farmland has been disappearing sharply at the same ***,in turn,has exacerbated the poverty level in the rural areas of the *** this study,we monitored the spatial distribution of rocky land desertification and its temporal evolution using Landsat TM/ETM images of 1985,1995,2000 and *** also analyzed the driving forces of the desertification and its *** constructing regression models by using all the relevant variables and considering the lagged effects as well as fixed effects,we quantified the exact role of different factors causing rocky land desertification in the study area with some new *** new findings in this study are greatly helpful for preserving,restoring and reconstructing the degraded mountain environment in Guangxi and other karst areas in Southwest china,and also for alleviating poverty in the rural areas in the future.

关键词： Rocky land desertification karstmountain area rural poverty driving force Guangxi Southwest china

Control of atmospheric CO_2 concentrations by 2050: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

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Science china Earth Sciences 2009年第10期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2, GE QuanSheng3 & ZHANG ZhiQiang4.1 institute of Geology and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100029,{4. 2 The General Office of chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100864.{4. 3 institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101,{4. 4.The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for resources and Environment, Lanzhou 730000,{4. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China The General Office of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100864 China institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2005, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2006―2050), a 4.0 ppmv atmospheric CO2 concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2050, actual emissions from 1900 to 2005, emissions levels in 2005, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2005―all countries and regions whose population was more than 300000 in 2005 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2005 had already expended their 2050 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (20 dollars per ton of CO2). Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2006 to 2050 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

Biomass estimation and uncertainty analysis based on CBERS-02 CCD camera data and field measurement

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2005年第S2期48卷 116-128页

作者： CHEN Liangfu1,2, GAO Yanhua1,3, CHENG Yu1,3, WEI Zheng1,3, XIAO Qing1,4. LIU Qinhuo1, YU Tao1, LIU Qijing5, GU Xingfa1 & TIAN Guoliang1 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, institute of Remote Sensing Applications, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101,{4. 2. Geography and Environment College, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330027,{4. 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100039,{4. 4. beijing research institute of Uranium Geology, beijing 100875,{4. 5. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research, chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 100101,{4. 1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Geography and Environment College Jiangxi Normal University 330027 Nanchang China 3. Graduate University of chinese academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 4. beijing research institute of Uranium Geology 100875 Beijing China 5. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China

The study site is located in Qianyanzhou experimental station and the surrounding area. Based on CBERS-02 satellite data and field measurement, we not only discussed the relationship between NDVI and biomass of two species of coniferous plantations, namely, Pinus massoniana Lamb and Pinus elliottii Engelm, but also introduced the biomass models based on NDVI. The comparison between measured biomass in Qianyanzhou and biomass derived from CBERS-02 CCD data showed that it is feasible to estimate biomass based on NDVI. But its limitations cannot be ignored. This kind of model depends on the dominant vegetation species. There are some effect factors in estimating biomass based on NDVI. This paper analyzes these factors based on fine-resolution CBERS-02 CCD data and some conclusions are drawn: In Qianyanzhou, the area with good vegetation coverage, the nonlinearity of NDVI has little influence on scaling-up of NDVI. As a result of surface heterogeneity, scaling-up can cause NDVI within each pixel to change. Because scaling-up can cause pixel attribute to change, the applicability of biomass model is one of the sources of error in estimating biomass.

关键词： NDVI biomass scaling effect scaling-up.

Land cover changes based on plant successions: Deforestation, rehabilitation and degeneration of forest in the upper Dadu River watershed

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2214-2230页

作者： YAN Jianzhong1,2,3, ZHANG Yili1, BAI Wanqi1, LIU Yanhua4. BAO Weikai5, LIU Linshan1, 2 & ZHENG Du1 1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research, {4. academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate School of the {4. academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. College of resources and Environment, Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 4.0716, china 4. The Ministry of Science and Technology, P. C. china, beijing 100862, china 5. Chengdu institute of Biology, {4. academy of Sciences, Chengdu 61004., china 1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. College of resources and Environment Southwest Agricultural University 400716 Chongqing China 4. The Ministry of Science and Technology P. C. China 100862 Beijing China 5. Chengdu institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences 610041 Chengdu China

To link regional land use/cover changes with environmental effects, land cover changes are required to reflect vegetation successions, whereas the land cover classification systems commonly used nowadays cannot serve this purpose. In this paper, a new land cover classification system is established in which land covers are classified by the vegetation succes-sions, taking Zamtang County, Barkam County and Jinchuan County in the upper Dadu River watershed as a study area. Using multi-temporal remote sensing images, the land cover data of 1967, 1986 and 2000 are obtained by means of integration of unsupervised classification and visual interpretation methods. The database facilitates the study of land use/cover changes, en-vironmental effects and ecological construction. Land cover changes reflect the main ecological processes in the upper Dadu River watershed. The landscape composed mainly of grasslands, wildwoods and alpine scrubs in 1967 was changed to that of grasslands, secondary forests, al-pine scrubs, fragmentary wildwoods, artificial forests, secondary scrubs in 2000, meanwhile, the landscape got more fragmentized. The total area of the forests decreased by 9.4.%. Study results have shown the process of restoration of logged areas in forest centers. From 1967 to 2000, only 6.86 percents of logged areas were converted to shrubs, meadows or crop-lands, and the rest were converted into artificial forests or secondary forests. So the ecological shelter functions will be restored, stage by stage. Firewood collection, charcoal production and overgrazing are the three major triggers for the extensive degradation of alpine oak forests, Sa-bina tibetica forests and meadows. The arid valley grasslands expanded too. The degradation of vegetation in the southern slopes impairs ecological shelter functions and affects livelihood of local residents, so it is essential to find effective measures for ecological restoration and recon-struction. Field investigations have found

关键词： land use/cover classification, upper Dadu River watershed, vegetation successions, GIS, RS.

CH_4.uptake flux of Leymus chinensis steppe during rapid growth season in Inner Mongolia,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第7期53卷 977-983页

作者： GENG YuanBo1, LUO GuangQiang1,2 & YUAN GuoFu1 1 institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research, {4. academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2 Graduate University of {4. academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China2. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

The influence of near ground atmosphere CH4.concentration, soil water content, soil Eh, plants, soil temperature, and pH on CH4.uptake flux of Leymus chinensis steppe during rapid growth season was studied using field in-situ measurement in Xilin River basin of Inner Mongolia, china. The results showed that CH4.uptake flux was positively correlated with near ground atmosphere CH4.concentration and soil Eh but negatively correlated with soil water content. Precipitation may decrease the CH4.flux by increasing the soil water content. The average fluxes of three treatments during the observation period were 1.52 (natural conditions, 1.51 (aboveground plants were excluded), and 2.00 mg m?2 d?1 (all plants were removed), respectively. The difference between the CH4.flux of natural condition treatment and that of removing aboveground plants treatment is small, whereas the flux of removing all plants treatment is larger than the other two treatments. This means that the contribution of aboveground plants to CH4.uptake flux is smaller than that of roots or roots-removing process. CH4.uptake flux is not sensitive to soil temperature and the narrow-ranged soil pH (6.36–7.86). The Leymus chinensis steppe acts as a sink for CH4. and thus more studies should be focused on its affecting factors and related mechanisms.

关键词： CH4 uptake flux Leymus chinensis steppe affecting factors static opaque chamber/gas chromatography method

Spatial heterogeneity of the driving forces of cropland change in china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2231-2240页

作者： LIU Xuhua1,2, WANG Jinfeng1, LIU Mingliang4.1 & MENG Bin1,2,3 1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research, {4. academy of Sciences, beijing 100101, china 2. Graduate School of the {4. academy of Sciences, beijing 100039, china 3. College of Arts and Sciences of beijing Union University, beijing 100083, china 4. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, AL3684., USA 1. institute of geographic Sciences and Natural resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences 100101 Beijing China 2. Graduate School of the chinese academy of Sciences 100039 Beijing China 3. School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences Auburn University Auburn AL36849 Alabama USA 4. College of Arts and Sciences of beijing Union University 100083 Beijing China

By using digital satellite remote sensing data acquired in 1987―1989 and 1999―2000 and GIS combined with the natural and socio-economic data, this paper drew an integrated zonation of the cropland change and its driving forces in china. The results indicated that the cropland change in the study period was constrained by geographical factors and driven by cli-mate change as well as socio-economic system. Moreover, the regional differences of the drivers for cropland change were significant. In the midwest of china, natural condition changes and geographical background were the main constraints and drivers, while in Eastern china, social and economic changes and economic policies were the main driving forces. The cropland loss was nationwide. The dominant factors to cause this decrease included buildup of developing area to attract foreign capital and technologies, changes of industry structure due to urban in-fluence, the change of employment notions thanks to living standard improvement, rapid ur-banization due to the expansion of cities and towns, the diminished farming net income partly because of the global warming effects, and the rapid economic growth stimulated by the con-venient transportation system. These factors interact and interdepend with each other to cause the cropland loss in china recently. The reasons for the increase of cropland were primarily the cultivation and deforestation by the farmers who want to increase income. This study on the mechnism of LUCC relied on the cropland change integrated classification considering the natural or human factors both inside and outside the region, which provides a new approach to study the integrated regionalization and LUCC mechanism.

关键词： land use change, driving force, integrated classification, spatial statistics, cropland, china.

Analysis and application of automatic deformation monitoring data for buildings and structures of mining area

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2011年第S3期21卷 516-522页

作者： XIAO Jie1, 2, 3, ZHANG Jin4.1. institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Wuhan 4.0077, china 2. Key Laboratory of Dynamic Geodesy, institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, chinese academy of Sciences, Wuhan 4.0077, china 3. Graduate School of chinese academy of Sciences, beijing 10004., china 4. Department of Surveying and Mapping, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024. china Taiyuan Univ Technol Dept Surveying & Mapping Taiyuan 030024 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Inst Geodesy & Geophys Key Lab Dynam Geodesy Wuhan 430077 Peoples R China chinese Acad Sci Grad Sch Beijing 100049 Peoples R China

The buildings and structures of mines were monitored automatically using modern surveying technology. Through the analysis of the monitoring data, the deformation characteristics were found out from three aspects containing points, lines and regions, which play an important role in understanding the stable state of buildings and structures. The stability and deformation of monitoring points were analysed, and time-series data of monitoring points were denoised with wavelet analysis and Kalman filtering, and exponent function and periodic function were used to get the ideal deformation trend model of monitoring points. Through calculating the monitoring data obtained, analyzing the deformation trend, and cognizing the deformation regularity, it can better service mine safety production and decision-making.

关键词： wavelet analysis Kalman filtering deformation monitoring data analysis mine