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Study of ozone “weekend effect” in shanghai

Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第9期51卷 1354-1360页

作者： TANG WenYuan1↑, ZHAO ChunSheng1, GENG FuHai1,2. PENG Li2. ZHOU GuangQiang2. GAO Wei2. XU JianMing2.& TIE XueXi2.3 1 Department of atmospheric Science, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2.atmospheric chemistry laboratory of shanghai meteorological bureau,{2., China 3 atmospheric chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder CO 80301, USA 1. Department of atmospheric Science School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China 2. atmospheric chemistry {2. of shanghai meteorological bureau Shanghai 200030 China 3. atmospheric chemistry Division NCAR Boulder CO 80301 USA

Analysis of observed ozone data in 2.06 from five monitoring sites (Xujiahui, Chongming, Baoshan, Pudong, Jinshan) in shanghai reveals that ozone (O_3) concentrations in Xujiahui are higher at week-ends than those on weekdays, despite the fact that emissions of ozone precursor substances, such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lower at weekends than those on weekdays. The possible chemical cause of ozone "weekend effect" is that NO_2.NO ratio increases at weekends by 2..61% compared with those on weekdays. In addition, because of an average 12.13% reduction in NOx (NO + NO_2. in the early morning (05:00-09:00) at weekends compared with that on weekdays, the ozone inhibition period ends 0.5 h earlier at weekends resulting in the longer duration of ozone accumulation and the higher ozone production rate. The rate of ozone production is a function of VOCs and NOx in the atmosphere. VOCs/NOx ratio in Xujiahui is 4.55 at weekends, and 4.37 on weekdays, belonging to the "NOx-limited". The increasing VOCs/NOx ratio at weekends leads to ozone enhancement from 73 ppbv to 80 ppbv, which are consistent with ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui. Furthermore, combining with MICAPS cloud amount data, the fact that ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui weakens gradually along with the increasing of cloud amount indicates that ozone photochemical production leads to ozone "weekend effect" in Xujiahui of shanghai.

关键词： shanghai ozone photochemical pollution "weekend effect"

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Influence of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western North Pacific on the inter-decadal variations of the stratosphere-troposphere exchange of water vapor

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第8期51卷 1179-1193页

作者： ZHAN RuiFen1,2.LI JianPing2.1shanghai Typhoon Institute of China meteorological Administration,shanghai 2.0030,China 2.tate Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG),Institute of atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 10002.,China 1. shanghai Typhoon Institute of China meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030 China 2. State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

This study investigates the Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange(STE) of water vapor,emphasizes its interdecadal variations over Asia in boreal summer,and discusses the influences of atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the tropical western North Pacific(WNP) on them by using the Wei method with reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) for the years of *** climatology shows that the upward transport of water vapor across the tropopause in boreal summer is the most robust over the joining area of the South Asian Peninsula and Indian-Pacific Oceans(defined as AIPO).The upward transport over there can persistently convey the abundant water vapor into the stratosphere and then influence the distribution and variation of the stratospheric water *** analysis shows that interdecadal variations of the water vapor exchange over the AIPO are significant,and its abrupt change occurred in the mid-1970s and the early *** these three periods,as important channels of the water vapor exchange,the effect of Bay of Bengal-East Asia as well as South China Sea was gradually weakening,while the role of the WNP becomes more and more *** studies show that atmospheric heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau and the WNP are two main factors in determining the interdecadal variations of water vapor *** thermal influences over the Tibetan Plateau and the WNP have been greatly adjusted over the pass 44 *** synthesis influences the interdecadal variations of the water vapor exchange by changing the Asian summer monsoon,but their roles vary with time and *** after 1992.the influence of heat source over the Tibetan Plateau remarkably weakens,while the heat source over the WNP dominates the across-tropopause water vapor *** have important implications for understanding the transport of other components in the atmosphere and estimating the impact of human activities(

关键词： Tibetan Plateau tropical western North Pacific atmospheric heat source STE inter-decadal variations

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Experimental study on CCl_4/CH)4/O_2.N_2.oxidation

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2010年第4期53卷 1016-1022页

作者： WANG Bo1,2.CHI Yong2.YAN JianHua2.& NI MingJiang2.1 College of Energy and Power Engineering,University of shanghai for Science and Technology,shanghai 2.0093,China 2.State Key {2. of Clean Energy Utilization,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 31002.,China 1. College of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China2. State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Oxidation within the system CCl4/CH4/O2.N2.is studied at atmospheric pressure in a tubular flow reactor to investigate the influence of reaction temperature and chlorine content on chlorinated waste combustion and find incineration process optimization methods for pollution *** reaction temperature varies from 700℃ to 1000℃ and the CCl4/CH4(or Cl/H) mole ratio of the inlet mixture varies from 0.2. to *** profiles are measured with *** is shown that at the same initial CCl4 concentration and reaction temperature adding CH4 favors CCl4 destruction and CO2.*** the destruction and removal efficiency(DRE) of CH4 decreases with lower Cl/H and higher concentrations of toxic products of incomplete combustion such as COCl2.and CH3Cl are formed at the same *** chlorine in the system favors CH4 decomposition,but it also inhibits further oxidation of *** temperature assists in both CCl4 destruction and CH4 conversion,and the concentration of toxic combustion intermediates is *** the temperature is the most effective way to enhance CCl4 *** CO2.concentration increases with temperature.A CO concentration peak is observed around 800℃:with a certain Cl/H,the CO concentration first increases with temperature and then *** effect of increasing CH4 concentration on CCl4 destruction becomes mild above 900℃.Rather,it enhances the interaction between chlorine and carbonaceous radicals,which leads to higher concentration of toxic products.

关键词： hazardous waste destruction and removal efficiency(DRE) oxidation carbon tetrachloride chlorinated compounds methane

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Local and non-local sources of airborne particulate pollution at Beijing——The ratio of Mg/Al as an element tracer for estimating the contributions of mineral aerosols from outside Beijing

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Science China chemistry 2005年第3期48卷 253-264页

作者： HAN Lihui1, ZHUANG Guoshun1,2.3, SUN Yele1 & WANG Zifa3 1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study, Department of chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China 2. Center for atmospheric chemistry Study, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, shanghai 2.0433, China 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of atmospheric Physics, CAS, Beijing 10002., China 1. The Center for atmospheric Environmental Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University 100875 Beijing China 2. Center for atmospheric chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Fudan University 200433 Shanghai China 3. Institute of atmospheric Physics CAS LAPC/NZC 100029 Beijing China

A new element tracer technique has firstly been established to estimate the contri-butions of mineral aerosols from both inside and outside Beijing. The ratio of Mg/Al in aerosol is a feasible element tracer to distinguish between the sources of inside and outside Beijing. Mineral aerosol, inorganic pollution aerosol mainly as sulfate and nitrate, and organic aerosol are the major components of airborne particulates in Beijing, of which mineral aerosol accounted for 32.―67% of total suspended particles （TSP）, 10%―70% of fine particles （PM2.5）, and as high as 74% and 90% of TSP and PM2.5, respectively, in dust storm. The sources from outside Beijing contributed 62. （38%―86%） of the total mineral aerosols in TSP, 69% （52.―90%） in PM10, and 76% （59%―93%） in PM2.5 in spring, and 69% （52.―83%）, 79% （52.―93%）, and 45% （7%―79%） in TSP, PM10, and PM2.5, respectively, in winter, while only2.% in summer and autumn. The sources from outside Beijing contributed as high as 97% during dust storm and were the dominant source of airborne particulates in Beijing. The contributions from outside Bei-jing in spring and winter are higher than those in summer, indicating clearly that it was related to the various meteorological factors.

关键词： mineral aerosol local sources non-local sources dust storm re-suspended dust element tracer technique.

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Application of the moist vorticity vector in the analysis of a heavy rainfall event in North China

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1457-1465页

作者： Zhao Yu1,2.3, Wang Jianguo4 and Xue Deqiang2.1. laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., China 2. Shandong Provincial {2. Observatory, Jinan 2.0031, China 3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 4. Shandong Provincial {2. bureau, Jinan 2.0031, China) laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China Shandong Provincial meteorological Observatory Jinan 250031 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039 China Shandong Provincial meteorological bureau Jinan 250031 China

The moist vorticity vector (MVV), defined as (ζa×▽qv)/ρ introduced by Gao et al. is used to study a heavy rainfall event in North China. The MVV has zonal, meridional and vertical components in a three-dimensional framework. Analysis of domain-mean and mass-integrated quantities shows that the variation of the vertical component of the MVV closely follows the variation of the cloud hydrometeors, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.95, indicating that the vertical component of the MVV is strongly associated with midlatitude convection. Further analysis shows that the vertical component of the MVV reflects the interaction between the horizontal vorticity and the horizontal specific humidity gradient, which can associate dynamic and thermodynamic processes with cloud microphysical processes. Thus, this study can help to understand how the interaction between circulations and clouds aids the development of convection, and the MVV can be used to trace the development and evolution of heavy rainfall.

关键词： moist vorticity vector heavy rainfall modeling study.

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Impact of the closure of Indonesian seaway on climate: A numerical modeling study

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2003年第S2期48卷 88-93页

作者： YU Yongqiang, ZHOU Zuyi & ZHANG Xuehong 1. LASG, Institute of atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., China: 2. laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, {2. 2.0092.China Chinese Acad Sci Inst Atmospher Phys LASG Beijing 100029 Peoples R China Tongji Univ Lab Marine Geol Shanghai 200092 Peoples R China

Using a global OGCM and its relevant coupledocean-atmosphere GCM with the contemporary, 6 MaBPand 14 MaBP oceanic topography, respectively, a series ofnumerical experiments are implemented in order to investi-gate the effect of the north shift of Australian continent onthe tropical oceanic circulation, especially the formation ofthe western Pacific warm pool. The numerical experimentsof the individual OGCM forced by the modern atmosphericcirculation indicate that the closure of Indonesian passageresults in warming in the tropical Pacific Ocean and coolingin the tropical Indian Ocean; furthermore, it also results inchange in source of the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) wa-ter, e.g. ITF mainly originates from the south Pacific at 14MaBP, but it mainly originates from the north Pacific *** coupled model shows similar results as the individualOGCM qualitatively.

关键词： Indonesian Through Flow (ITF) Western Pacific Warm Pool Australian Plate Paleo-oceanography.

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Dominant climate factors influencing the Arctic runoff and association between the Arctic runoff and sea ice

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2010年第5期29卷 10-20页

作者： LI Pixue ZHANG Zhanhai LIU Jiping Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136 China State Key laboratory of Numerical Modeling for atmospheric Science and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China shanghai Marine Environmental Monitoring and Forecasting Center Shanghai 200232 China

By using the Arctic runoff data from R-ArcticNET V4.0 and ArcticRIMS,trends of four major rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean,whose climate factor plays an important role in determining the variability of the Arctic runoff,are *** results show that for the past 30 years,the trend of the Arctic runoff is seasonally *** is a significant trend in spring and winter and a significant decreasing trend in summer,leading to the reduced seasonal *** spring,surface air temperature is the dominant factor influencing the four *** summer,precipitation is the most important factor for Lena and Mackenzie,while snow cover is the most important factor for Yenisei and *** Mackenzie,atmospheric circulation does play an important role for all the seasons,which is not the case for the Eurasian *** authors further discuss the relationships between the Arctic runoff and sea *** negative correlation is found at the mouth of the rivers into the Arctic Ocean in spring,while significant positive correlation is observed just at the north of the mouths of the rivers into the Arctic in *** addition,each river has different relationship with sea ice in the eastern Greenland Sea.

关键词： Arctic runoff multiple linear regressions sea ice

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Debating about the climate warming

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2006年第1期16卷 1-6页

作者： WANG Shaowu1, LUO Yong2. ZHAO Zongci2. DONG Wenje2.and YANG Bao3 (1.Department of atmospheric Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. laboratory for Climate Studies, China {2. Administration, Beijing 100081, China 3. Institute of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China) [a] Department of atmospheric Sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing China [b] laboratory for Climate Studies China Meterological Administration Beijing China [c] Institute of Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

Debating about the climate warming is reviewed. Discussions have focused on the validity of the temperature reconstruction for the last millennium made by Mann et al. Arguments against and for the reconstruction are introduced. Temperature reconstructions by other authors are examined, including the one carried out by Wang et al. in 1996. It is concluded that: (1) Ability of reproducing temperature variability of time scale less than 10 a is limited, so no sufficient evidence proves that the 1990s was the warmest decade, and 1998 was the warmest year over the last millennium. (2. All of the temperature reconstructions by different authors demonstrate the occurrence of the MWP (Medieval Warm Period) and LIA (Little Ice Age) in low frequency band of temperature variations, though the peak in the MWP and trough in LIA varies from one reconstruction to the others. Therefore, terms of MWP and LIA can be used in studies of climate change. (3) The warming from 1975 to 2.00 was significant, but we do not know if it was the strongest for the last millennium, which needs to be proved by more evidence.

关键词： climate warming MWP LIA the 2.th century.

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A SEMI-CIRCLE THEOREM FOR UNSTABLE PERTURBATION IN TROPICAL CYCLONE-SCALE VORTICLES

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2009年第4期21卷 473-481页

作者： HUANG Hong ZHANG Ming XU Ming Institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology Nanjing 211101 China shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological Administration Shanghai 200030 China laboratory of Typhoon Forecast Technique/CMA Shanghai 200030 China

In this paper, we discusses the spectrum distribution of baroclinic disturbances in tropical cyclone-scale vortices with the assumption that the basic flow does not vary with height. The semi-circle theorem for the unstable perturbation is obtained and the upper bound of growth rate can be estimated. The upper bound of instability growth rate increases with the increase of the maximum basic-state tangential wind speed, angular speed, inertial parameter, absolute vorticity, radial gradient of absolute vorticity and static stability. The upper bound of instability growth rate is greater for vortices of larger horizontal scale and smaller vertical scale and lower wave-number disturbances.

关键词： tropical cyclone-scale vortex spiral bands instability semi-circle theorem

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Variations of near-surface atmospheric CO_(2.and H_(2.O concentrations during summer on Muztagata

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第1期49卷 18-26页

作者： XU Baiqing1,2. YAO Tandong1,2. LU Anxin2. GUO Xuejun, LIU Xianqin2.& LI Zhen2.1. laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2. Key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engi-neering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of {2. Sciences, China {2. Administration, Lanzhou 730000, China 1. laboratory of Environment and Process on Tibetan Plateau Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China 2. Key laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment Jointly Established by Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute and Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou 730000 China

Expeditions during the summers of 2.02.and 2.03 implemented continuous monitoring of near-surface (2.m height) atmospheric CO2.and H2. concentrations at the 4500 m elevation on Muztagata. The resultant data sets reveal a slight decrease of CO2.concentrations (of about 5 μmol·mol?1) and changes in the diurnal variations from the end of June to the middle August. The daily maximum CO2.concentrations occur between 02.30―05:30 AM (local time) and the minimum levels occur between 12.00―15:30 PM. The atmospheric CO2.concentrations in the summer of 2.02.were around 5 μmol·mol?1 lower than those during the same period of 2.03, whereas the diurnal amplitude was higher. In contrast, we found that the daily mean atmospheric H2. content in 2.03 was much lower than that in 2.02.and there exists a striking negative correlation between CO2.and H2. con-centrations. We therefore suggest that the near-surface atmospheric CO2.concentration is affected not only by photosynthesis and respiration, but also by the air H2. content in the glaciated region around Muztagata.

关键词： atmospheric CO2 and H2. concentration, continuous monitoring, glaciation region, Muztagata.

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