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A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results

science china Earth {2. 2006年第11期49卷 1212-1222页

作者： ZHU Jiang1,2. ZHOU Guangqing1, YAN Changxiang1, FU Weiwei1 & YOU Xiaobao1,3.1. International center for Climate and Environment {2., Institute of Atmospheric Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., {3. 2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information science and Technology, Nanjing 2.0044, {3. 3. Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology, Beijing 10002., {3. International center for Climate and Environment sciences Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Beijing Institute of Applied Meteorology Beijing China

A new 3.VAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3.VAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 2.-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 42. m reach 0.63. and 0.3. psu.

关键词： data assimilation, 3.VAR, sea surface height, ARGO floats.

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Speciation of the elements and compositions on the surfaces of dust storm particles:The evidence for the coupling of iron with sulfur in aerosol during the long-range transport

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chinese science Bulletin 2005年第8期50卷 738-744页

作者： ZHANG Xingying1,2. ZHUANG Guoshun1,2.3. CHEN Jianmin2.& XUE Huaxin2.1. center for Atmospheric Environment Study, Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, {2. 2. center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Department of Environ- mental {3. and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 2.043., {2. 3. LAPC/NZC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, NZC/LAPC, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., {2. center for Atmospheric Environment Study Department of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China LAPC/NZC Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

The speciation of the elements on the surface of the particles collected during dust storm and non-dust storm in Beijing and Inner Mongolia was studied by XPS. The ma- jor species of iron on the surface were oxides, sulfate, silicate, FeOOH and minor part sorbed on SiO2.Al2.3. Sulfate is the dominant species of sulfur on the surface. SiO2.and Al2.3.are the main components of Si and Al on the surface respectively. One of the most important findings was that the Fe(II) (FeS and FeSO4) produced could account for up to 44.3. and 45.6% of the total Fe on the surface in the aerosol sample collected at that night and next day of the “peak” time of the dust storm occurring on March 2., 2.02. while Fe2.SO4)3. one of the Fe(III) species on the surface decreased from 67.1% to 49.5% and 48.0% respectively. Both S and Fe en- riched on the surface of aerosol particles. Fe(II) accounted for 1.3.?5.3. of total Fe in bulk aerosol samples during dust storm. These results provided strong evidence to sup- port the hypothesis of the coupling between iron and sulfur in aerosols during the long-range transport, which would have important impact on the global biogeochemical cycle.

关键词：物种形成原理 XPS 大气悬浮物 Fe-S结合粒子集合

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New evidence for lack of CMB power on large scales

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第3期53卷 567-570页

作者： LIU Hao1 & LI TiPei1,2.3.1 Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing {2., china 2.Department of Physics & {3. for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, china 3.Department of Engineering Physics & {3. for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, china Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Physics & center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China Department of Engineering Physics & center for Astrophysics Tsinghua University Beijing China

A digitalized temperature map is recovered from the first light sky survey image published by the Planck team, from which an angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is derived. The amplitudes of the low multipoles (low-l) measured from the preliminary Planck power spectrum are significantly lower than those reported by the WMAP team. Possible systematical effects are far from enough to explain the observed low-l differences.

关键词： cosmology cosmic microwave background data analysis

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Petrogenesis and dating of the Kangding complex,Sichuan Province

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science china Earth {2. 2005年第5期48卷 622-634页

作者： CHEN Yuelong 1 , LUO Zhaohua 1 , ZHAO Junxiang, LI Zhihong, ZHANG Hongfei & SONG Biao 3.1. Faculty of Earth sciences and Natural Resources, {2. University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. {2. 2. Faculty of Earth sciences, {2. University of Geosciences, Wuhan 43.074, {2. 3. Beijing SHRIMP {12., Institute of Geology, chinese academy of Geological sciences, Beijing 10003., {2. Faculty of Earth sciences and Natural Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing China Faculty of Earth sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Beijing SHRIMP center Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China

An analysis of major and trace element geochemistry and SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating of mafic, intermediate, and felsic rocks from the Mianning metamorphic complex of Si- chuan Province was conducted. One of our conclusions is that a majority of the zircons crystal- lized between 72. and 773.Ma in a magmatic regime. The complexes contain early to late Pa- leo-proterozoic relict zircons from ancient continental crust. The oldest age, 2.68 Ma, may rep- resent the basement of the Yangtze block. Overgrowth zircon rims and palingenetic zircons have been observed and dated, and are believed to have formed after crystallization, during Paleozoic and Mesozoic metamorphic-anatexis. We also conclude that depletion of Nb, Ta, HREE, in a spider-diagram normalized to primitive mantle and calc-alkaline association, implies that they formed in island-arc or under-plating settings.

关键词： Kangding complex, zircons, SHRIMP, tectonic setting.

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cvhA Gene of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 10-2. Encodes a Negative Regulator for Mycelia Development

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2006年第4期38卷 271-280页

作者： Heng-An WANG~(1,2.) Lei QIN~(2.) Ping LU~(1*) Zhi-Xuan PANG~2.Zi-Xin DENG~(3.) Guo-Ping ZHAO~(2.) 1 Biotechnology Institute,School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 2.1101,china 2.Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology,Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology,Shanghai Institute for Biological {2.,chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 2.003.,china 3.Bio-X Life science Research center,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 2.003.,china. Biotechnology Institute School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 201101 China Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032 China Bio-X Life science Research center Shanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai 200030 China.

A five-gene cluster cvhABCDE was identified from Streptomyces hygroscopicus *** thefirst gene of this cluster,cvhA encoded a putative sensor histidine kinase with a predicted sensor domainconsisting of two trans-membrane segments at the N-terminus and a conserved HATPasecdomain at the *** C-terminus polypeptide of CvhA expressed in Escherichia coli was purified and shown to beautophosphorylated with [γ-3.P]ATP in *** phosphoryl group was acid-labile and basic-stable,whichsupported histidine as the phosphorylation *** obvious difference of mycelia development was ob-served between the null mutant of cvhA generated by targeted gene replacement and the wild-type parentalstrain 10-2. grown on solid soya flour medium with 2.-8% glucose or sucrose,but the cvhA mutant couldform much more abundant aerial mycelia and spores than the wild-type strain on solid soya flour mediumsupplemented with 6%-8% mannitol,6%-8% sorbitol,4%-6% mannose,or 4%-6% *** pheno-type was complemented by the cloned wild-type cvhA gene,and no difference was observed for growthcurves of the cvhA mutant and the wild strain in liquid minimal medium with the tested sugars at a concen-tration of 4%,6% and 8%.We thus propose that CvhA is likely a sensor histidine kinase and negativelyregulates the morphological differentiation in a sugar-dependent manner in *** 10-2..

关键词： sensor histidine kinase aerial mycelia sugar metabolism

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Principle of small target detection for hyperspectral imagery

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science china Earth {2. 2007年第8期50卷 1225-1231页

作者： GENG XiuRui1,2.3.& ZHAO YongChao2.3.4 1 Research {2. for Remote Sensing and GIS, Department of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2.State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science, {3., Beijing 100101, china 3.Institute of Erectronics, {3., Beijing 100080, china 4 {2. for for Assessment and Monitoring of Forest and Environmental Resources and Division of Ecosystem sciences University of California Berkeley, CA 9472.-3.14, USA Research center for Remote Sensing and GIS Department of Geography Beijing Normal University Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Erectronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China center for for Assessment and Monitoring of Forest and Environmental Resources and Division of Ecosystem sciences University of California Berkeley USA

This paper generalizes the progress of algorithms in small target detection for hyperspectral imaging, and finds that whitening the image is the key point of many methods in small target detection. An al-gorithm is presented to detect desired targets by converting large targets into small ones based on the weighted sample autocorrelation matrix.

关键词： hyperspectral whiten target detection

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Sea-salt aerosol transport patterns over the Northern Hemisphere inferred from two subarctic ice core records

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science china Earth {2. 2005年第4期48卷 576-584页

作者： YAN Yuping1,2. KANG Shichang2.3.5, SUN Junying4,5, Paul A. Mayewski2.& QIN Dahe5 1. National Climate center, {2. Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, {2. 2. Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA 3. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, {3., Beijing 100085, {2. 4. chinese academy of Meteorological sciences, Beijing 100081, {2. 5. Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment, Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, {3., Lanzhou 73.000, {2. National Climate center China Meteorological Administration Beijing China Climate Change Institute University of Maine Orono ME USA Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Key Laboratory of Ice Core and Cold Regions Environment Cold and Arid Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China chinese academy of Meteorological {2. Beijing China

Atmospheric circulation reconstruction based on glaciochemical records requires knowledge of chemical concentration controls, such as source, transport pathway and strength. To gain insight into these processes, the relationships between glaciochemical records from two Northern Hemisphere sites (Mt. Logan in Yukon Territory and 2.D in southern Greenland) and instrumental sea level pressure (SLP) series are investigated. Calibrations between Mt. Logan sea-salt sodium (ssNa+) concentration and SLP series show that ssNa+ concentrations are closely correlated with the autumntime (SON) Aleutian Low and the summertime (JJA) North Pacific Subtropical High. Both the deepened Aleutian Low and enhanced North Pacific Sub- tropical High strengthen the transport of sea-salt aerosols from the North Pacific to the Mt. Logan region. Calibrations between 2.D ssNa+ concentrations and SLP series indicate that ssNa+ concentrations are closely related to the wintertime (Jan.) Icelandic Low. A deepening of the Icelandic Low strengthens winter storms and frequent cyclogenesis over the North Atlantic and pushes more sea-salt laden air masses to the Greenland ice sheet. Therefore, ice core ssNa+ records from the Mt. Logan region can be considered as a proxy for reconstructing the au- tumntime Aleutian Low and summertime North Pacific Subtropical High, and the ssNa+ records from Greenland ice core (2.D) may provide a proxy for reconstructing the wintertime Icelandic Low.

关键词： sea-salt aerosol, ice core records, sea level pressure, subarctic regions.

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Seasonal variation of global stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange

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Progress in Natural science:Materials International 2007年第12期17卷 1466-1475页

作者： Guo Dong1,2. Lu Daren2.and Sun Zhaobo1(1. Institute of Atmospheric sciences, Nanjing University of Information science and Technology, Nanjing 2.0044, {2. 2. LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, {3., Beijing 10002., {2.) Institute of Atmospheric sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China LAGEO Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

By Wei formula in pressure coordinate, the stratosphere-troposphere mass exchange (STME) is diagnosed globally for 44 years from 1958 to 2.01 using the European center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis datasets. Regions of mass flux into the stratosphere are found over Indonesia, bay of Bangladesh and the mid-west coast of South Africa. Compensating mass outflow from the stratosphere appears mainly over mid-latitudes near large-scale troughs. Upward and downward transport of mass at the middle and high latitudes accompany with each other. Mass flux into troposphere is stronger in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Strong downward mass flux into the troposphere occurs in eastern Asia the whole year with nearly stable sites. Although the area of eastern Asia accounts for only 5.6% of that of the northern hemisphere (NH), its net mass exchange reaches 15.83. of that of the NH, which means that research on STME of eastern Asia is greatly important to that of the NH and even the global areas. Air across the tropopause enters more from stratosphere to troposphere than that from troposphere to stratosphere, which is possibly related with systematic bias of the assimilated datasets and with persistent rise of the tropopause height. Contributions of the mass exchange and the mass flux exchange in the NH and southern hemisphere (SH) on their latitudes increase from equator to pole, with larger contributions in the NH. Mass exchange and mass flux exchange per areas at high latitudes are larger than that at low latitudes, which means greater mass exchange efficiency at high latitudes.

关键词： stratosphere troposphere mass exchange seasonal variation.

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Functional analysis of schistosomes EF-hand domain-containing tegument proteins

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chinese science Bulletin 2007年第15期52卷 2100-2107页

作者： YU FuDong1,2.3.KANG Bin1,3.LI YuanYuan3.4 & LI YiXue1,3.1 Bioinformatics center,Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological sciences,chinese {3. of Sci-ences,Shanghai 2.003.,china 2.Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 2.003.,china 3.Shanghai center for Bioinformation Technology,Shanghai 2.02.0},china 4 Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,Shanghai 2.003.,china Bioinformatics center Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China Graduate University of chinese academy of sciences Shanghai China Shanghai center for Bioinformation Technology Shanghai China Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis disease which severely threatens human health. Little is known about the functions of EF-hand domain containing schistosomes tegument proteins other than as an-tigens. More possible functions of these tegument proteins were investigated with in silico analyses including protein-protein functional interaction,site-specific variation and glycosylation modification. The analysis results suggested that schistosomes could actively modulate host immune responses for its own favor through functional interactions with host proteins with immunomodulatory function,and passively regulate host immune responses through sequence variation under positive selection and glycosylating the recognition sites of host immune attack. In addition,the analysis of the C-terminal domain of these tegument proteins indicated that they could assist schistosomes in escaping host immune attacks through inhibiting chemotaxis and non-complement fixing antibody (IgG4) responses. In summary,our results suggested that these tegument antigen proteins could assist schistosomes in escaping and modulating host immune responses for self-protection during the process of host-para-site interaction.

关键词：寄生虫血吸虫皮蛋白质健康

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The dynamical properties of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface

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science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第6期48卷 667-675页

作者： GE Meihua1, ZHANG Yanhui1, WANG Dehua2. DU Mengli3.& LIN Shenglu1 1. College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 2.0014, china 2. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shandong Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Jinan 2.0014, china 3. Institute of theoretical Physics, {3., Beijing 100080, china College of Physics and Electronics Shandong Normal University Jinan China Department of Mathematics and Physics Shandong Institute of Architecture and Engineering Jinan China Institute of theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The dynamical properties of Rydberg hydrogen atom near a metal surface are presented by using the methods of phase space analysis and closed orbit theory. Transforming the coordinates of the Hamiltonian, we find that the phase space of the system is divided into vibrational and rotational region. Both the Poincaré surface of section and the closed orbit theory verify the same conclusion clearly. In this paper we choose the atomic principal quantum number as n = 2.. The dynamical character of the exited hydrogen atom depends sensitively on the atom-surface distance d. When d is sufficiently large, the atom-surface potential can be expressed by the traditional van der Waals force and the system is integrable. When d becomes smaller, there exists a critical value dc. For d > dc, the system is near-integrable and the motion is regular. While chaotic motion appears for d < dc, and the system tends to be non-integrable. The trajectories become unstable and the electron might be captured onto the metal surface.

关键词： Rydberg hydrogen atom, van der Waals interaction, Poincaré surface of section, closed orbit theory, chaos.

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