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Quantitative studies of hydrocarbon loss of the Silurian bitumen sandstone in the Tarim Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 101-107页

作者： JIANG ZhenXue1,2,PANG XiongQi1,2,LIU LuoFu1,2,WANG XianDong3,ZHANG Jun4 & LI HongYi1,2 1 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2.state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 3 Research Institute of Exploration and Development,Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd,Daqing 163712,china 4 petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC,beijing 100083,china Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Research Institute of Exploration and Development Daqing Oilfield Company Ltd Daqing China petroleum Exploration and Production Institute of SINOPEC Beijing China

The evolution of Tarim Basin experienced several tectonic movements,of which Caledonian movement caused a serious damage to reservoirs of Silurian. The earlier reservoirs size and the later hydrocarbon loss are two key factors to exploration prospect of Silurian. On the basis of net thickness of bituminous sandstone and recovery coefficient of crude oil converting to bitumen,the scale of the hydrocarbon loss of palaeo-accumulation in bitumen sandstone of Silurian was calculated (86.30×108t). The deter-mination of net thickness of bitumen sandstone was completed mainly by several methods,such as physical property demarcation,observing lithology,grains with oil inclusion (GOI) technology,and quantitative grains fluorescence (QGF) technology. The samples of black sandstone and white sand-stone were collected and compared by means of the methods mentioned above. The results showed that there was little hydrocarbon,or none,in the white sandstone. The recovery coefficient was ob-tained by the analyses of plentiful physical parameters of crude oil and bitumen sandstone,based on the hypothesis that nonhydrocarbon compounds and bitumen were invariable in the process of bitu-men forming. The calculated result,which is more scientific and actual,indicates the exploration pros-pect is more promising in Silurian of the Tarim Basin.

关键词： Tarim Basin Silurian bitumen sandstone hydrocarbon loss quantitative research recovery coefficient

Synthesis of AIMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with high stability

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petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 163-166页

作者： Liu Baijun Wang Hui key laboratory of Catalysis China National Petroleum Corporation China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were synthesized by static hydrothermal crystallization using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as template, water glass as silica source and pseudoboehmite as aluminum source. The XRD results showed that the prepared AlMCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves had high relative crystallinity and long-range order. The relative crystallinity was greater than 27% after calcination at 900 ℃ for 2 hours and was still greater than 14% after ageing in steam at 800 ℃ for 2 hours. The results indicated that both thermal and hydrothermal stabilities of the mesoporous molecular sieves AIMCM-41 were good.

关键词： Pseudo-boehmite hydrothermal stability synthesis AIMCM-41 thermal stability hydrothermal

Impact of rock anisotropy on fracture development

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2008年第11期18卷 1403-1408页

作者： Lianbo Zeng~(a,b,*) Jiyong Zhao~c Shengju Zhu~c Weiliang Xiong~c Yonghong He~c Jianwen Chen~c a key state laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting in china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china b resources and Information Faculty,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china c Exploration and Development Research Institute,Changqing Oilfield Branch,Xi’an 710021,china key state laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting in china university of petroleum Beijing 102249 China resources and Information Faculty China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Exploration and Development Research Institute Changqing Oilfield Branch Xi’an 710021 China

Experiments on uniaxial and triaxial rock mechanics and rock acoustic emissions have been conducted for research on the impact of rock anisotropy on the development of the fractures of different directions by taking as an example the ultra-low-permeability sandstone reservoir in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation within the Ordos *** experimental results prove the existence of anisotropy of the rock mechanical property in the different directions on the plane,which is the chief reason for the production of impacts on the development of different assemblages of fractures in the geological *** rock anisotropy usually restricts the development of one assemblage of conjugate shear *** fractures in the Yanchang Formation within the Ordos Basin are mainly shear fractures that formed under two tectonic ***,here,four assemblages of shear fractures should have developed,but due to the effect of a strong rock anisotropy,in each period one assemblage of fractures chiefly ***,two assemblages of fractures are usually developed in every part at present.

关键词： Fracture Rock anisotropy Rock mechanical experiments Acoustic emission experiments

A physical model study of effect of fracture aperture on seismic wave

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 233-240页

作者： WEI JianXin & DI BangRang CNPC key Physical Exploration laboratory,china university of petroleum,beijing 102248,china CNPC key Physical Exploration laboratory China University of Petroleum Beijing China

Based on Hudson’s theoretical hypothesis of equivalent fracture model,inserting aligned round chips in solid model can simulate fractured media. The effect of fractures on the propagation of P and S waves can be observed by changing the fracture thickness. The base model is made of epoxy resin,and the material of fractures is a kind of low-velocity mixture containing silicon rubber. With constant diameter and number of fractures in each model,one group of models can be formed through changing the thickness of fracture. These models have the same fracture density. By using the ultrasonic pulse transmission method,the experiment records time and waveform of P and S waves in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the fracture orientation. The result shows that,with the same fracture density,changing fracture aperture will affect both velocity and amplitude of P and S waves,and the effect on P-wave amplitude is much greater than that on the velocity. Moreover,the variation in velocity of S wave is more obvious in the slow shear wave (S2),while the variation in amplitude is more obvious in the fast shear wave (S1). These properties of wave propagation are useful for seismic data processing and interpretation.

关键词： fracture aperture Hudson’s fracture theory fractured model P-and S-wave velocity amplitude

Reply to ‘Calculation of depth to detachment and its significance in the Kuqa Depression:A discussion’

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petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 21-23页

作者： Yu Yixin Tang Liangjie He Chunbo Chen Xuyun state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin ＆ Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

This paper mainly replies to the discussion by Li et al （2009） on the calculation of the detachment depths in the Kuqa Depression. We think that viscous material flowing into or out of the cross section can affect the validity of the calculation method, yet the number of detachment levels does not bring any drawbacks to the calculation. In the Kuqa Depression, the salt flow influenced the structural deformation to some extent, and affected slightly the accuracy of the calculated depths of the true detachment levels. However, it does not mean that the calculation method loses effectiveness in the study area. Therefore, the calculation results are still relatively believable.

关键词： Excess area detachment level reply discussion Kuqa Depression

Identification of the Quaternary low gas-saturation reservoirs in the Sanhu area of the Qaidam Basin,china

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petroleum Science 2011年第1期8卷 49-54页

作者： Li Xiongyan Li Hongqi Zhou Jinyu He Xu Chen Yihan Yu Hongyan state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Department of Computer Science and Technology China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Exploration and Development Institute Changqing Petroleum CompanyShaanxi 710021China

Low gas-saturation reservoirs are gas bearing intervals whose gas saturation is less than 47%. They are common in the Quaternary of the Sanhu area in the Qaidam *** to the complex genesis mechanisms and special geological characteristics,the logging curves of low gas-saturation reservoirs are characterized by ambiguity and diversity,namely without significant log response characteristics. Therefore,it is particularly difficult to identify the low gas-saturation reservoirs in the study *** addition,the traditional methods such as using the relations among lithology,electrical property,physical property and gas bearing property,as well as their threshold values,can not effectively identify low gas-saturation *** solve this problem,we adopt the decision tree,support vector machine and rough set methods to establish a predictive model of low gas-saturation reservoirs,which is capable of classifying a mass of multi-dimensional and fuzzy *** to the transparency of learning processes and the understandability of learning results,the predictive model was also revised by absorbing the actual reservoir *** applications indicate that the predictive model is effective in identifying low gas-saturation reservoirs in the study area.

关键词： Sanhu area Qaidam Basin low gas-saturation reservoir decision tree support vector machine rough set predictive model identification

A method of identifying effective source rocks and its application in the Bozhong Depression,Bohai Sea,china

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 458-465页

作者： Jiang Fujie Pang Xiongqi Meng Qingyang Zhou Xiaohui Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting Beijing 102249 China Research Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

Research on effective source rocks directly affects the accuracy of identifying hydrocarbon resources, and indirectly affects the exploration decisions in petroliferous basins. Although the previous evaluation methods of effective source rocks vary relatively widely, a complete quantitative evaluation approach has not yet been developed. For that reason, we redefined the concept of effective source rocks based on the existing research results. Surrounding this definition, and guided by the hydrocarbon expulsion theory, the quantitative model called ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is established to predict effective source rocks. Its application in the Bozhong Depression indicates that among the four sets source rocks in the Bozhong Depression, the Member 3 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 3 ） has the largest effective source rock thickness, and the Member 1 Member 2 of the Shahejie Formation （Es 1＋2 ） is the second largest .The effective part of dark mudstone is only 30%-80% of the total volume and with the increase of buried depth and improvement of quality, the effective part increases. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the ＂two stages and three steps＂ method is a practical technique for effective source rock prediction.

关键词： Source rock effectiveness hydrocarbon expulsion threshold Bozhong Depression Bohai Sea

Numerical simulation of non-Archie electrophysical property of saturated rock with lattice Boltzmann method

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petroleum Science 2009年第1期6卷 24-28页

作者： Yue Wenzheng Tao Guo Liu Dongming Yang Wendu state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of Earth prospecting and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Research Centre of Well Logging CNPC Key Laboratory of Well Logging China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China CNPC Logging Changqing Business Division Xi＇an Shaanxi 710201 China Sichuan petroleum Administration Logging Company Ltd. CNPC Chongqing 401147 China

The electrophysical property of saturated rocks is very important for reservoir identification and evaluation. In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method （LBM） was used to study the electrophysical property of rock saturated with fluid because of its advantages over conventional numerical approaches in handling complex pore geometry and boundary conditions. The digital core model was constructed through the accumulation of matrix grains based on their radius distribution obtained by the measurements of core samples. The flow of electrical current through the core model saturated with oil and water was simulated on the mesoscopic scale to reveal the non-Archie relationship between resistivity index and water saturation （I-Sw）. The results from LBM simulation and laboratory measurements demonstrated that the I-Sw relation in the range of low water saturation was generally not a straight line in the log-log coordinates as described by the Archie equation. We thus developed a new equation based on numerical simulation and physical experiments. This new equation was used to fit the data from laboratory core measurements and previously published data. Determination of fluid saturation and reservoir evaluation could be significantly improved by using the new equation.

关键词： Non-Archie relation digital core model lattice Boltzmann method numerical simulation rock physical experiment

Stratigraphic thermohistory and its implications for regional geoevolution in the Tarim Basin,NW china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第10期53卷 1495-1505页

作者： WANG TieGuan1,DAI ShiFeng2,LI MeiJun1,ZHANG WeiBiao1,3,Qiu NanSheng1 & WANG GuangLi1 1 state key laboratory of petroleum resources and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.49,china 2.state key laboratory of Coal resources & Safe Mining,china university of Mining & Technology,beijing 100083,china 3 Exploration Research Center,Exploration & Development Institute,china Petrochemical Corporation,beijing 100083,china state key laboratory of petroleum resources and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China state key laboratory of Coal resources & Safe Mining China University of Mining & Technology Beijing China Exploration Research Center Exploration & Development Institute China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing China

Fourteen vitrinite reflectance profiles from the Tarim Basin,NW china,show that the vitrinite reflectance profiles of individual wells follow a faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei *** reflectance values in these profiles change sharply at the unconformity beneath the Lower Carboniferous Bachu or Upper Devonian Donghetang Formations,where the overlying Triassic to Carboniferous strata are still in a mature phase within the "liquid oil window".However,the underlying Lower Paleozoic reached the overmature phase beyond the "liquid oil window" towards the end of the Silurian,or in the Early Devonian at the *** the vitrinite reflectance profiles are attributed to a continuous,single-stage pattern in the western section of the Tazhong Uplift,in which the Lower Paleozoic is also in an overmature phase,their overmaturity would have been achieved relatively late in geological *** stratigraphic thermohistory has the following implications to regional geoevolution:(1) The overmature Lower Ordovician to Cambrian strata in the eastern section of the Tazhong Uplift and in the Tabei Uplift,as well as in the Manjiaer Depression,could not have acted as the source kitchen for normal oil(so-called black oil);(2) The dissimilarity in vitrinite reflectance profiles between the eastern and western sections of the Tazhong Uplift reveals Early Paleozoic paleotectonic features,i.e.,lower at the east and higher at the west,whereas recent tectonic features formed since the Late Paleozoic are in reverse,i.e.,higher in the east and lower at the west;(3) Reconstruction of the denuded thickness of sediments overlying the Lower Ordovician strata suggests reconsideration on the paleotectonic features in the Tarim Basin;(4) Based on the sustained duration of the "liquid oil window" for overmature source beds,it is predicted that the Suntuoguole Lower Uplift between the Awati and Manjiaer Depressions is a

关键词： vitrinite reflectance profile faulted and dislocated dual-stage pattern paleotectonic features sustained "liquid oil window" period source kitchen