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Combination and superimposition of source kitchens and their effects on hydrocarbon accumulation in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin,west china

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 59-72页

作者： Zhang Zhihuan Qin Liming Qiu Nansheng Zhong Ningning Zhang Zhenying Li Wei state key {2. of petroleum resources and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Beijing Institute of Economic Management Hebei 102602 China SINOPEC International petroleum Exploration and Production Corporation Beijing 100083 China

In the hinterland of the Junggar Basin, there are multiple depressions with multiple sets of source rocks. Therefore, the conditions of hydrocarbon sources are complex, and the geochemical characteristics and sources of hydrocarbon vary in different structural belts. The evolution of the Che- Mo palaeohigh affected the formation of hydrocarbon source kitchens and hydrocarbon migration. We studied the combination and superimposition of hydrocarbon source kitchens, using as an example the hinterland of the Junggar Basin （including the Yongjin, Zhengshacun, Moxizhuang and Luliang uplift areas）. The study was based on geochemical analyses of crude oil and fluid inclusions, and the histories of tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon generation. The results indicated that before the Paleogene there were two hydrocarbon-generating depressions： the Western Well Penl depression and the Changji depression on the south and north sides of the Che-Mo palaeohigh, respectively. The Permian source kitchen had been generating hydrocarbon continuously since Triassic and reached high maturity stage in the Cretaceous period. After Paleogene, the adjustment of the Che-Mo palaeohigh led to the subsidence of the Changji depression and the Jurassic source rocks reached mature stage and became the main source kitchens. However, the Jurassic source rocks in the Western Well Penl depression were still in a low maturity stage and did not generate oil because of the adjustment of tectonic movements. As a result, in the central and southern parts of the Junggar Basin, Jurassic source rocks generated oil, but in the Luliang uplift, the crude oil was from the Permian source rocks in the Western Well Penl depression and the Jurassic source rocks did not contribute. The crude oil in the central Zhengshacun-Moxizhuang belt was from the Permian source rocks in two depressions, and partially from the Jurassic source rocks. The crude oil in the Luliang uplift was from the source rocks of the lower Permian F

关键词： Hinterland of the Junggar Basin hydrocarbon source kitchen oil source combination and superimposition accumulation stage

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Study on the Reaction Mechanism for Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane over supported Nickel Catalyst

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2003年第10期14卷 1081-1084页

作者： Ling QIAN, Zi Feng YAN state key {2. for Heavy Oil Processing, university of petroleum, Dongying 2.7061 state key {2. for Heavy Oil Processing University of Petroleum

The adsorption and dissociation of methane and carbon dioxide for reforming on nickel catalyst were extensively investigated by TPSR and TPD experiments. It showed that the decomposition of methane results in the formation of at least three kinds of surface carbon species on supported nickel catalyst, while CO2.adsorbed on the catalyst weakly and only existed in one kind of adsorption state. Then the mechanism of interaction between the species dissociated from CH4 and CO2.during reforming was proposed.

关键词： Adsorption dissociation supported nickel catalyst methane carbon dioxide reforming.

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Advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area, Tarim Basin

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petroleum Science 2010年第2期7卷 164-178页

作者： Zhou Xinyuan Pang Xiongqi Li Qiming Pang Hong Xiang Caifu Jiang Zhenxne Li Sumei Liu Luofu Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Korla Xinjiang 841000 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key {2. of petroleum resources and prospecting Beijing 102249 China

Located in the middle of the Tarim Basin, Tazhong is a typical area of compound reservoirs rich in oil and gas found in the Carboniferous, Silurian and Ordovician strata. The proved, probable and possible reserves （3P reserves） in the area amount to 5×108 tons, so it is of great significance to study the advances and problems in hydrocarbon exploration in the Tazhong area. On the basis of exploration history and analysis of scientific problems, we outline eight achievements： distribution characteristics of reservoirs, stages of reservoir formation, different sources of oil and gas and their respective contributions, the effective regional caprock and reservoir-caprock combinations dominating the vertical distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the control of the Tazhong Palaeo-uplift on reservoir formation and establishing geologic models, structure balance belts influencing the reconstruction and residual potential of reservoirs after accumulation, the rules and mechanisms of fractures controlling oil and gas, and the types of favorable reservoirs and their characteristics of controlling oil and gas distribution. We further point out the main problems about the oil and gas exploration in the Tazhong area and put forward some relevant proposals.

关键词： Tarim Basin petroleum geology and exploration controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation rules of hydrocarbon accumulation

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Microwave propagation in air drilling

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petroleum Science 2010年第3期7卷 390-396页

作者： Meng Xiaofeng Chen Yijian Zhou Jing Meng Yingfeng Physics Department Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China state key {2. of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu Sichuan 610500 China

This paper examines the feasibility in air drilling of transmitting down-hole signals by using microwaves. Firstly the basic theory of microwave propagation in the drill-pipe or casing was studied, including power loss, cutoff wavelength, and dust scattering. Theoretical analysis indicates that the microwave propagation distance in a cb2.4mm casing can easily reach 5,000 m. When the effect of dust particles is taken into account, the propagation distance decreases to 2.000 m. We conducted both laboratory experiments and field tests in casings commonly used in oil fields. The field tests show that the effective propagation distance of microwave in the casing is about 1,300 m. The experimental results do not match well with theoretical prediction, but are acceptable. In future commercial applications, by applying multiple relay amplifiers, the microwave propagation distance could be long enough for most drilling wells.

关键词： Microwave waveguide drill-pipe casing air drilling

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Experimental study on the e ect of fracture scale on seismic wave characteristics

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petroleum Science 2008年第2期5卷 119-125页

作者： Wei Jianxin Di Bangrang Wang Qiang state key {2. of petroleum resource and prospecting CNPC Key Lab of Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In fractured reservoir beds, fracture characteristics affect seismic wave response. Fractured models based on the Hudson＇s fractured medium theory were constructed in our laboratory by a backfilling technique. For the same fracture density, the variations of the velocity and amplitude of the primary wave and shear wave parallel and perpendicular to the fracture were observed by altering the diameter （scale） of the penny-shaped fracture disk. The model test indicated that an increase of fracture scale increased the velocity and amplitude of the primary wave by about 2.. When the shear wave propagated parallel to the fracture, the velocity of the fast shear wave hardly changed, while the velocity of slow shear wave increased by 2.6% with increasing fracture scale. The results indicated that an increase of fracture scale would reduce the degree of anisotropy of the shear wave. The amplitudes of slow shear waves propagating parallel and perpendicular to fractures decreased with increasing fracture scale.

关键词： Fracture scale Hudson's fracture theory primary wave and shear wave velocity anisotropy,model test

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Phytotoxicity of four herbicides on Ceratophyllum demersum,Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 307-312页

作者： PAN Huiyun,LI Xiaolu,XU Xiaohua,GAO Shixiang state key {2. of Pollution Control and resource Reuse,School of the Environment,Nanjing university,Nanjing 2.0093,china. [a]state key {2. of Pollution Control and resource Reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

The physiological effects of 4 herbicides （butachlor, quinclorac, bensulfuron-methyl and atrazine） on 3 submerged macrophytes （Ceratophyllum demersum, Vallisneria natans and Elodea nuttallii） were tested in laboratory. The variables of the relative growth rate and the photosynthetic pigment content showed that all of the tested herbicides affected the growth of the plants obviously, even at the lowest concentration （0.0001 mg/L）. Except for the C. demersum treated with quinclorac at 0.005 and 0.01 mg/L, the relative growth rates of the plants were inhibited significantly （p 〈 0.01）. Statistical analysis of chlorophyll a （Chl-a） contents was carded out with both the t-test and one-way ANOVA to determine the difference between the treatment and control. The results showed that Chl-a contents of the plants in all treatment groups were affected by herbicides significantly, except for the C. demersum treated with bensulfuron-methyl at 0.0005 mg/L. The decrease in Chl-a content was positively correlated to the dosage of the herbicides in most treatment groups. It was suggested that herbicides in water bodies might potentially affect the growth of aquatic macrophytes. Since the Chl-a content of submerged macrophytes responded to the stress of herbicides sensitively and directly, it could be used as a biomaker in environmental monitoring or in the ecological risk assessment of herbicide contamination.

关键词： phytotoxicity herbicides submerged macrophyte ecological risk assessment

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Boiling process of low temperature formation water in petroleum system, Qaidam Basin

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 77-78页

作者： HU Wenxuan~1, JIN Zhijun~2. QIU Nansheng~2. FU Qi~1, LU Xiancai~1 and SUN Rui~1 1. state key {2. of Mineral Deposit Research, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. Basin and Reservoir Reseach Center, university of petroleum, Beijing 102.00, china state key {2. of Mineral Deposit Research Nanjing 210093 China Basin and Reservoir Research Center University of Petroleum Beijing 102200 China

FOLLOWING the study of Roedder et al., boiling fluid inclusions are identified in oil reservoir ofQaidam Basin. This paper reports the general characteristics of the boiling fluid inclusions, analyzes theconditions for the formation water to boil at low temperature, and discusses the relation between the boiling process and the oil/gas accumulation. 1 General features Boiling fluid inclusions are minute records of the immiscibility process of subterranean hydrothermalfluids, which are generally composed of different types trapped simultaneously. They are observed mostlyin magmatic hydrothermal mineral deposits. In sedimentary basins, the boiling process was only found inMVT. The discovery of boiling fluid inclusions in Qaidam Basin is of great significance to

关键词： boiling fluid inclusions oil/gas accumulation Qaidam Basin.

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Influences of low-Ti substitution for La and Mg on the electrochemical and kinetic characteristics of AB_3-type hydrogen storage alloy electrodes

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2010年第1期53卷 242-247页

作者： DONG ZhenWei1,2.WU YaoMing1,MA LiQun2.SHEN XiaoDong2.& WANG LiMin1 1 state key {2. of Rare Earth resource Utilization,Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,C hangchun 13002.,china 2.College of Material Science and Engineering,Nanjing university of Technology,Nanjing 2.0009,china 1. state key {2. of Rare Earth resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China2. College of Material Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China

The(La0.67Mg0.33)1-xTixNi2.75Co0.2.(x = 0,0.05,0.10,0.15 and 0.2.,at%) alloys were synthesized by arc melting and subsequent heat solid-liquid diffusing *** structure,electrochemical properties and kinetic characteristics of the alloys were investigated *** results showed that all the alloys mainly consisted of the(La,Mg)Ni3,LaNi5 phases,and the lattice parameters and the cell volumes of the(La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 phases decreased with increasing Ti *** alloy electrodes could be activated to reach their maximum discharge capacity within five *** cycle life after 100 charge/discharge cycles(C100/Cmax) and the high-rate dischargeability at a discharge current density of 12.0 mA/g first increased and then *** the results showed that low-Ti content in AB3-type hydrogen storage alloys was beneficial to improvements of the overall electrochemical properties,and the optimum overall electrochemical performance of the alloy electrodes was obtained when x = 0.05.

关键词： AB3-type alloy metal hydride electrode microstructure electrochemical property kinetic characteristic

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Redevelopment of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on a simple optimization model

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Science china Earth Sciences 2010年第4期53卷 568-574页

作者： CHENG Hong & ZOU XueYong state key {2. of Earth Surface Processes and resource Ecology,Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100875,china MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control,Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100875,china key {2. of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of china,Beijing Normal university,Beijing 100875,china 1. state key {2. of Earth Surface Processes and resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China2. MOE Engineering Center of Desertification and Blown-sand Control Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China3. Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of the Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China

This paper is a redevelopment result of liftoff rates of saltating sand grains based on our previous *** sand flow is a complex multi-phase flow because of a special two-phase gas-solid flow near ground *** extensive research on the movement of blowing sand,no model fully characterizes aeolian sand flow,and large differences often exist between simulations of aeolian sand movement and field *** key problem is a few of sufficient research on liftoff rates of saltating sand grains(also called the number of liftoff sand grains per unit time and per unit bed area).It is necessary to re-search in advance liftoff rates of saltating sand *** redeveloped liftoff rates of saltating sand grains by establishing an optimization model based on the flux of aeolian sand flow at different heights of the sampler in wind tunnel and the simulated capture of saltating sand grains by different heights of the sampler that are from different liftoff position(distance from the sampler) in order to revise previous inversion condition of liftoff rates of saltating sand *** rates increased rapidly with increasing wind *** frictional wind velocities of u=0.67,0.77,0.82.0.83,and 0.87 m s-1,liftoff rates were 3840,954502.52.5114,5499407,and 76962.1 sand grain s-1 m-2.*** rates could be expressed as the square of the instantaneous frictional wind velocity and a constant(0.663) that differs from the critical(threshold) frictional wind velocity at which saltation *** our results require additional experimental validation and the simple optimization model must be improved,they nonetheless provide a strong basis for future research.

关键词： liftoff rates of saltating sand grains optimization model wind tunnel two-phase gas-solid flow

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Experimental remolding on the caprock's 3D strain field of the Indosinian-Yanshanian epoch in Tongling deposit concentrating area

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第7期48卷 863-874页

作者： DENG Jun1,HUANG Dinghua2.WANG Qingfei1,WAN Li1,SUN Zhongshi3,YANG Liqiang1 & GAO Bangfei1 1. state key {2. of Geological Processes and Mineral resources,china university of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,china 2. Faculty of Earth Sciences,china university of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,china 3. Department of Earth Sciences,Jilin university,Changchun 130061,china state key {2. of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061 China

Based on field observations and rheology analysis, we perform one analogue experiment and remold the 3D structural frame of Tongling deposit concentrating area firstly. Then we disassemble and dialyze the 3D structures of the model using the methods of "slicing" and "stripping". A series of sliced planes vertical to the fold hinges show similar landscapes of that in the drill hole profiles. Meanwhile, layer stripping analysis indicates that the deformation features of each layer in the model are qualitatively analogical to those obtained from field observations. Through contrasting the 3D structure between the experimental model and the field phenomena, we verify the following 3D deformation features of the caprock in this area: (1) the Tongling area mainly consists of three series of NE S-typed fold groups; (2. in the uniform stress field, the incoherent folds universally develop in different positions, along different axes as well as in different strata; (3) the faults propagate upward which are mostly inter-bedded detachment faults, while the fold amplitudes decrease while going deeper; and (4) the folds and cleavages are highly developed in the Silurian System indicating that the deformation effect of the Indosin-ian-Yanshanian structural layer terminates at this layer, which suggests that the Silurian System is the crucial layer for the inversion between brittle and plastic deformation domains and the underlying strata are subject to the control of another deformation system with distinct properties.

关键词： Tongling deposit concentrating area Indosinian-Yanshanian epoch 3D structural frame of the caprock analogue experiment slicing and stripping analysis structural model.

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