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Excavation and characterization of refuse in closed landfill

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2002年第3期14卷 303-308页

作者： ZHAO You cai (The state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse, school of environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, china. ) state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized as organic matter in refuse degrades and soluble inorganic substances dissolve during their long term stabilization process. In this paper, this process is also referred to as mineralization process and the resultant stabilized refuse referred to as aged refuse. Aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and huge quantity of microorganisms with strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewater such as leachate. In this study, aged refuse excavated from 2 to 10 years old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill is characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, biodegradable matter. The approaches for redevelopment of both land and aged refuse in the stabilized landfills are proposed.

关键词： landfill refuse mineralization

RESEARCH ON HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR TIDAL RIVER NETWORKS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2003年第2期15卷 64-70页

作者： Xu Zu xin, Lu Shi qiang school of environment Science and Engineering, state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse, Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, china school of environment Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

Hydrodynamic and water quality model for tidal river network is set up withMIKE11 modeling system, according to the features of tidal river networks in plain area. The modelwas calibrated using the hydrological and water quality data of 1999, and the results show that thesimulated values agree with the measured data very well. This model is used to numerically analyzethe effects of low flow augmentation on hydrodynamic and water quality conditions of Suzhou *** simulation results show that the flow augmentation can increase net discharge of Suzhou Creekand improve its ability of re-aeration; and its concentration of dissolved oxygen in the rivernetworks can also increase correspondingly.

关键词： tidal river network water quality model suzhou creek low flow augmentation

Effect of leachate inoculum on biopretreatment of municipal solid waste by a combined hydrolytic-aerobic process

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第8期21卷 1162-1168页

作者： ZHANG Dongqing, HE Pinjing, SHAO Liming state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse, key laboratory of Yangtze River Water environment, College of environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji university, Shanghai 200092, china. [a]state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

The biopretreatment of municipal solid waste by a combined hydrolytic-aerobic process has become of great interest for biostabilization or biodrying. The study aimed at investigating the effect of leachate inoculurn on the biopretreatment. During the hydrolytic stage, the inoculum addition at the ratio of leachate to waste （LWR） of 5% and 7% stimulated the start-up of hydrolysis and enhanced the hydrolysis rate by 27.4% and 24.2%, respectively; whereas the inoculation at LWR of 1% had almost no effect on the hydrolysis rate and the inoculation at LWR of 10% reduced the hydrolysis rate by 12.7%. During the subsequent aerobic stage, the inoculations at LWRs greater than 5% decreased organics degradation rate. As a whole, compared with none inoculation, the total degradation rates of organics for inoculating trials at LWRs of 5%, 7% and 10% decreased by 14.5%, 14.3% and 32.7%, respectively. Correspondingly, their net water removal rates were reduced by 4.4%, 5.8% and 19.0%. The inoculation at LWR of 1% could not significantly affect the biopretreatment. The inoculum addition at LWR of 5% and 7% could shorten hydrolytic stage and thus accelerate the whole combined process. Moreover, the inoculations at LWRs greater than 5% were favorable for lignocelluloses degradation.

关键词： biopretreatment hydrolysis-aeration inoculation leachate municipal solid waste

Effect of proteins,polysaccharides,and particle sizes on sludge dewaterability

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第1期21卷 83-88页

作者： SHAO Liming,HE Peipei,YU Guanghui,HE Pinjing state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse,key laboratory of Yangtze River Water environment,College of environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji university,Shanghai 200092,china state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China. E-mail: solidwaste@***

Four batch experiments of hydrolysis and acidification were carried out to investigate the distributions of proteins （PN） and polysaccharides （PS） in the sludge, the PN/PS ratio, the particle sizes, and their relationship with sludge dewaterability （as determined by capillary suction time, CST）. The sludge flocs were stratified through centrifugation- and ultrasound-based method into four fractions：（1） slime, （2） loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances （LB-EPS）, （3） tightly bound EPS （TB-EPS）, and （4） pellet. The results showed that PN was mainly partitioned in the pellet （80.7%） and TB-EPS （9.6%） fractions, while PS distributed evenly in the four fractions. During hydrolysis and acidification, PN was transferred from the pellet and TB-EPS fractions to the slime fraction, but PS had no significant transfer trends. The mean particle sizes of the sludge flocs decreased with hydrolysis and acidification. The pH had a more significant influence on the dewaterability of sludge flocs than temperature. Sludge dewaterability during hydrolysis and acidification processes greatly deteriorated from 9.7 s at raw sludge to 340-450 s under alkaline conditions. However, it was just slightly increased under acidic conditions. Further investigation suggested that CST was affected by soluble PN, soluble PN/PS, and particle sizes of sludge flocs, but was affected slightly by total PN, PS, or PN/PS in the whole sludge flocs and other fractions （except slime）.

关键词： dewaterability extracellular polymeric substances particle size polysaccharides proteins sewage sludge

ADSORPTION OF LATERALLY INTERACTING 1-NAPHTHOL/1-NAPHTHYL-AMINE MIXTURES ON NONPOLAR SURFACES FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第1期24卷 73-80页

作者： Wei-ming Zhang Jin-long Chen Qun Chen Ming-yang He Bing-cai Pan and Quan-xing Zhang a state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse,school of the environment,nanjing university,nanjing 2.0093,china b Research Center for Engineering Technology of Organic Poison control and resources reuse in Jiangsu Province,nanjing 210038,china c Department of Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu Polytechnic,Changzhou 213016,china nanjing Univ Sch Environm State Key Lab Pollut Control & Resources Reuse Nanjing 210093 Peoples R China Res Ctr Engn Technol Organ Poison control & Resou Nanjing 210038 Peoples R China Jiangsu Polytech Dept Chem Engn Changzhou 213016 Peoples R China

The binary adsorption behavior of 1-naphthol/1-naphthylamine mixtures in water on nonpolar adsorbent Amberlite XAD4 was investigated at 293 K, 303 K and 313 K, respectively. The experimental uptakes of 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine in all binary-component systems of different molar ratios were obviously higher than the corresponding uptakes predicted by the extended Langmuir model, assuming no interaction between the adsorbed molecules of the two components. This phenomenon was attributed to the cooperative adsorption effect arising from the hydrogen bonding interaction between 1-naphthol and 1-naphthylamine molecules. A modified extended Langmuir model was proposed to describe the binary adsorption behavior by means of introducing a fitting parameter related with the cooperative adsorption effect of the adsorbates.

关键词： Modified model 1-Naphthol 1-Naphthylamine Adsorbate-adsorbate interaction Cooperative effect.

Thermal stabilization of chromium slag by sewage sludge: Effects of sludge quantity and temperature

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 1110-1115页

作者： Changlin Wu,Hua Zhang,Pinjing He,Liming Shao state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse,key laboratory of Yangtze River Water environment,College of environmental Science & Engineering,Tongji university,Shanghai 200092,china. [a] state key laboratory of pollution control resources reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science & Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China. E-mail: solidwaste@***

To investigate the feasibility of detoxifying chromium slag by sewage sludge, synthetic chromium slag containing 3% of Cr（Ⅵ） was mixed with sewage sludge followed by thermal treatment in nitrogen gas for stabilizing chromium. The effects of slag to sludge ratio （0.5, 1 and 2） and temperature （200, 300, 500, 700 and 900℃） on treatment efficiency were investigated. During the mixing process before thermal treatment, 59.8%-99.7% of Cr（Ⅵ） was reduced, but Cr could be easily leached from the reduction product. Increasing heating temperature and decreasing slag to sludge ratio strengthened the reduction and stabilization of Cr（Ⅵ）. When the slag to sludge ratio was 0.5 and thermal treatment temperature was 300℃, the total leached Cr and Cr（Ⅵ） declined to 0.55 mg/L and 0.17 mg/L respectively, and 45.5% of Cr in the thermally treated residue existed as residual fraction. A two-stage mechanism was proposed for the reduction and stabilization of Cr.

关键词： chromium slag sewage sludge reduction detoxification thermal treatment leached concentration

Adsorption of surfactants onto acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution

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Science china Chemistry 2006年第5期49卷 445-453页

作者： YANG Weiben1,2,3,LI Aimin1,3,CAI Jianguo1,3,MENG Guanhua1,3 & ZHANG Quanxing1,3 1. state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse,school of the environment,nanjing university,nanjing 2.0093,china 2. nanjing College of Chemical Technology,nanjing 210048,china 3. Jiangsu Engineering & Technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant control and Resource reuse,nanjing 210038,china 1. state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. nanjing College of Chemical Technology Nanjing 210048 China 3. Jiangsu Engineering & Technology Research Center for Organic Toxicant control and Resource reuse Nanjing 210038 China

In this study, a series of acrylic ester resins with different pore size distribution were prepared successfully by varying the type and the amount of pore-forming agents. In order to inves-tigate the adsorption behavior and mechanism of surfactants on acrylic ester resins, three kinds of surfactants were utilized as adsorbates that were sodium 6-dodecyl benzenesulfonate (6-NaDBS), sodium 1-dodecyl benzene sulfonate (1-NaDBS) and sodium 1-dodecyl sulfonate, respectively. It was observed that the surface area was available in a particular pore size and an appropriate pore size of resins appeared to be more important for the adsorption of surfactants. As compared to commercial acrylic ester resins XAD-7 and HP2MG, 50# and 38# resins exhibited more excellent adsorption properties toward 1-NaDBS and 6-NaDBS. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir, and double-Langmuir models. Two models provided very good fittings for all resins over the temperature range studied. The investigation indicated that electrostatic attraction and hydrogen bond between resins and surfactants were the main forces and had an obvious effect on adsorption proc-ess.

关键词： acrylic ester resin, surfactant, adsorption, pore size distribution, isotherm.

Transformation of organic matters in fresh leachate during anaerobic degradation under long hydraulic retention time

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第9期21卷 1302-1308页

作者： XU Suyun,HE Pinjing,LU Fan,LI Min,SHAO Liming state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse,key laboratory of Yangtze River Water environment,College of environmental Science and Engineering,Tongji university,Shanghai 200092,china [a]state key laboratory of pollution control and resources reuse Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China

This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate ratios （V/V） of 10/100, 25/100, 50/100 and 100/100, as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged hydraulic retention time （HRT） of 50 d. Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability, with chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency as high as 87%-92% and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value （0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg）. Methane production and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates, acetate and propionate, The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the different hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the changes in microorganism community structure. After 50 d, the effluents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds （MW 〉 10 kDa） at each inoculum ratio, which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses.

关键词： biodegradability biomass lyses methane production ratio of inoculum to substrate volatile fatty acids

Effects of humic acids and microorganisms on decabromodiphenyl ether, 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether and anthracene transportation in soil

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Science china Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 950-958页

作者： YU Sheng, ZOU Peng, ZHU Wei, YANG LiuYan, XIAO Lin, JIANG LiJuan, WANG XiaoLin, WU Jun & YUAN Ye state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse school of the environment, nanjing university, nanjing 2.0093, china 1. state key laboratory of pollution control and Resource reuse Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China2. School of the Environment Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

In this study, effects of humic acids (HA) and microorganisms on the migration of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-15) and anthracene, in soils were examined. More soil particles were dispersed into the colloidal phase (0.22-1 μm) in the presence of HA and/or microorganisms as a result of increased erosion and friction. The study suggested that PBDEs (BDE-209 and BDE-15) and anthracene in soils would be transported to other places by soil colloids with surface and underground water flow given the high concentrations of HA and microorganisms in the natural environment.

关键词： humic acids microorganisms transportation hydrophobic organic contaminants soil colloid