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Study on attribute characterization for reservoir dynamic monitoring by seismic

Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 218-225页

作者： CHEN XiaoHong1,3,LI JingYe2,3 & ZHAO Wei4 1 key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC,china petroleum university,beijing 102.4.,china 2 Basin & Reservoir Research Center,china petroleum university,beijing 102.4.,china 3 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china 4 Research Center of CNOOC,beijing 100027,china key Lab of Geophysical Exploration of CNPC China Petroleum University Beijing China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Basin & Reservoir Research Center China Petroleum University Beijing China Research Center of CNOOC Beijing China

Study on characterizing reservoir parameters dynamic variations by time-lapse seismic attributes is the theoretical basis for effectively distinguishing reservoir parameters variations and conducting time-lapse seismic interpretation,and it is also a key step for time-lapse seismic application in real oil fields. Based on the rock physical model of unconsolidated sandstone,the different effects of oil saturation and effective pressure variations on seismic P-wave and S-wave velocities are calculated and analyzed. Using numerical simulation on decoupled wave equations,the responses of seismic amplitude with different offsets to reservoir oil saturation variations are analyzed,pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes differences for oil saturation and effective pressure variations of P-P wave and P-S converted wave are calculated,and time-lapse seismic AVO (Amplitude Versus Offset) response rules of P-P wave and P-S converted wave to effective pressure and oil saturation variations are compared. The theoretical modeling study shows that it is feasible to distinguish different reservoir parameters dynamic variations by pre-stack time-lapse seismic information,including pre-stack time-lapse seismic attributes and AVO information,which has great potential in improving time-lapse seismic interpreta-tion precision. It also shows that the time-lapse seismic response mechanism study on objective oil fields is especially important in establishing effective time-lapse seismic data process and interpreta-tion scheme.

关键词： time-lapse seismic dynamic monitoring rock physical model pre-stack attribute Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO)

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Enhancing the resolution of seismic data based on the generalized S-transform

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 153-157页

作者： Tian Jianhua Song Wei Yang Feizhou state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In this paper, we analyze the seismic signal in the time-frequency domain using the generalized S-transform combined with spectrum modeling. Without assuming that the reflection coefficients are random white noise as in the conventional resolution-enhanced techniques, the wavelet which changes with time and frequency was simulated and eliminated. After using the inverse S-transform for the processed instantaneous spectrum, the signal in the time domain was obtained again with a more balanced spectrum and broader frequency band. The quality of seismic data was improved without additional noise.

关键词： Time-frequency domain generalized S-transform spectrum modeling instantaneous spectrum balanced spectrum

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The effectiveness assessment of gas accumulation processes in Kuqa depression,Tarim Basin,Northwest china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 117-125页

作者： LIU GuangDi1,SUN MingLiang1,L YanFang2 & SUN YongHe2 1 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china 2 Daqing Institute of petroleum,Daqing 163318,china state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China Daqing Institute of petroleum Daqing China

The effectiveness of gas accumulation processes is controlled by several main geological factors in-cluding charging force,features of gas conduit,sealing properties of caprock,etc. Based on the analysis and statistics of the large-medium size gas accumulations in china,the main parameters,in-cluding the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of the gas conduit,and the thickness or displacement pressure of caprock,and the criteria for the as-sessment of gas accumulation processes have been established. Using the parameters and the criteria above,the effectiveness of gas accumulation processes in the Kuqa depression was quantitatively evaluated. By integrating the parameters of the excess pressure difference between the source rock and reservoir bed,the area coefficient of fault conduit system,and the caprock thickness in gas charging period,a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression has been made. The result reveals that the Tubei-Dawan area,the Central Kelasu area and the Dongqiu-Dina area are three highly-effective areas for gas accumulation in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： accumulation process conduit system abnormal pressure caprock play assessment Kuqa depression

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Study on 3D simulation of wave fields in acoustic reflection image logging

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 186-194页

作者： TAO Guo,HE FengJiang,WANG Bing,WANG Hua & CHEN Ping state key laboratory of petroleum resources and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china state key laboratory of petroleum resources and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China

The borehole acoustic reflection imaging logging is a newly developed acoustic logging method that has attracted many interests. These converted and reflected waves for imaging are usually mixed up with borehole guided waves and therefore difficult to be clearly identified. To improve the downhole tool design and develop more sophisticate data processing and interpretation algorithms,studies on precisely numerical modeling of the wave fields in the acoustic reflection imaging logging are neces-sary and critical. This paper developed a parallelized scheme of 3D finite difference (3DFD) with non-uniform staggered grid and PML absorbing boundary to simulate the acoustic wave fields in isotropic and anisotropic formations. Applications of this scheme to the typical cases of isotropic and anisot-ropic formations and comparison with the results from published analytical solutions have demon-strated the validation and efficiency of the scheme. Higher accuracy and lower computation cost (3.5 times faster than the conventional schemes) have been achieved with this scheme for modeling such a complex wave fields of 60 dB dynamic range with higher frequency (10 kHz). This simulating program provides a quantitative analytical means for studying acoustic reflection imaging tool and development of the data processing and interpretation methods.

关键词： acoustic reflection imaging 3D wave field modeling non-uniform staggered grid PML absorb ring boundary parallel scheme

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Numerical simulation of an acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled borehole

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petroleum Science 2009年第3期6卷 225-229页

作者： Che Xiaohua Qiao Wenxiao state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.

关键词： Phased arc array acoustic field acoustic well logging azimuth finite difference method

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Free Radicals in Organic Matter for Thermal History Reconstruction of Carbonate Succession

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第4期81卷 605-613页

作者： QIU Nansheng LI Huili JIN Zhijun and ZHU Yinkang 1 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4. 2 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4. 3 Institute of petroleum Exploration and Development,SINOPEC,beijing 100083 china Univ Petr State Key Lab Petroleum Resource & Prospecting Beijing 102249 Peoples R China china Univ Petr Basin Reservoir Res Ctr Beijing 102249 Peoples R China SINOPEC Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Geothermometer is one of the most useful methods to reconstruct the thermal history of sedimentary basins. This paper introduces the application of free radicals concentration of organic matter as a thermal indicator in the thermal history reconstruction of carbonate succession, based on anhydrous thermal simulation results of type I and H1 kerogen. A series of free radicals data are obtained under thermal simulation of different heating temperatures and times, and quantitative modds between free radical concentration （Ng） of organic matter and time-temperature index （TTI） for types I and type H1 kerogen are also obtained. This *** relation was used to model the Ordovician thermal gradients of Well TZ12 in the Tarim Basin. The modeling result is corresponding to the results obtained by apatite fission track data and published data. This new method of thermal history reconstruction will be benefit to the hydrocarbon generation and accumulation study and resource assessment of carbonate succession.

关键词： carbonate succession geothermometer free radicals of organic matter apatite fission track thermal history

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Anisotropic characteristics of electrical responses of fractured reservoir with multiple sets of fractures

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 127-138页

作者： Shen Jinsong Su Benyu Guo Naichuan Department of Geophysics School of Resource and Information Technology China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

In fractured reservoirs, the fractures not but also form the main flow channels which connect productivity of reservoirs. However, because of the only provide the storage space for hydrocarbons, the pores of the matrix, so fractures dominate the heterogeneity and randomness of the distribution of fractures, exploration and evaluation of fractured reservoirs is still one of the most difficult problems in the oil industry. In recent years, seismic anisotropy has been applied to the assessment of fractured formations, whereas electrical anisotropy which is more intense in fractured formations than seismic anisotropy has not been studied or used so extensively. In this study, fractured reservoir models which considered multiple sets of fractures with smooth and partly closed, rough surfaces were established based on the fractures and pore network, and the vertical and horizontal electrical resistivities were derived as a function of the matrix and fracture porosities according to Ohm＇s law. By using the anisotropic resistivity equations, variations of the electrical anisotropy of three types of fractured models under the conditions of free pressure and confining pressure were analyzed through the variations of the exerted pressure, matrix porosity, fracture aperture and formation water resistivity. The differences of the vertical and horizontal resistivities and the anisotropy between the connected and non-connected fractures were also analyzed. It is known from the simulated results that an increase of the confining pressure causes a decrease of electrical anisotropy because of the elasticity of the closed fractures and the decrease of the fracture aperture. For a fixed fracture porosity, the higher the matrix porosity, the weaker the electrical anisotropy in the rock formation.

关键词： Fractured reservoir partly closed fracture electrical anisotropy fracture roughness

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Wave characteristics and tectonic-sedimentation evolution of foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 70-77页

作者： LI RuFeng1,2,3,GUO TongLou4,CHEN GuoFei1 & ZHANG GangXiong1 1 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china 2 key laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,china university of petroleum,Ministry of Education,beijing 102.4.,china 3 Basin and Reservoir Research Center,china university of petroleum,beijing 102.4.,china 4 SINOPEC Southern E & P Company,Chengdu 610041,china state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing China key laboratory for Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism China University of Petroleum Ministry of Education Beijing China Basin and Reservoir Research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing China SINOPEC Southern E & P Company Chengdu China

In this paper,the technology of wave process method for sedimentation is first adopted in the research of the foreland thrust fault of Micang Mountain with respect of oil and reservoir’s formation and tectonic and sedimentary evolution. From the fluctuation characteristics,we could make conclusions in the foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain that,there existed 2 first-order sedimentary cycles (220 Ma),corresponding to Caledonian-Hercynian and Indo-Chinese-Yanshan-Himalayan tectonic cycles respec-tively; there existed 4 second-order sedimentary cycles (10 Ma),corresponding to two sedimentation peak period and two denudation peak periods in research zone; there existed 12 third-order sedimen-tary cycles (35 Ma) and 21 fourth-sedimentary cycles (20 Ma). These 33 cycles in the research zone corresponded to the sedimentation-denudation process in different periods,furthermore,their fluctua-tion characteristics bore the genetic relationship with the development law of source,reservoir and cap rocks: the source rock had the tendency to develop at the turning part between wave crest and wave trough,or at the superposition of wave turning part in different periods,presenting like "X"; most res-ervoir rocks developed at the place of wave peak; the development of cap rock was located in the wave trough on the right of sedimentation-denudation datum line. As a result,through the application of wave process method for sedimentation,we could rediscover the understanding of the tectonic and sedimentary evolution from another prospective,meanwhile,it enables to make prediction about the development rule of source,reservoir and cap rocks,which means a significant importance to the re-search of oil and reservoir’s forming condition.

关键词： foreland thrust belt of Micang Mountain sedimentation wave process wave cycle tectonic and sedimentary evolution forming condition

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Potential risks of spectrum whitening deconvolution——compared with well-driven deconvolution

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petroleum Science 2009年第2期6卷 146-152页

作者： Li Guofa Zhou Hui Zhao Chao state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China key laboratory of CNPC Geophysical Exploration China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Deconvolution is widely used to increase the resolution of seismic data. To compare the resolution ability of conventional spectrum whitening deconvolution to thin layers with that of welldriven deconvolution, a complex sedimentary geological model was designed, and then the simulated seismic data were processed respectively by each of the two methods. The amplitude spectrum of seismic data was almost white after spectrum whitening, but the wavelet resolution was low. The amplitude spectrum after well-driven deconvolution deviated from white spectrum, but the wavelet resolution was high. Further analysis showed that if an actual reflectivity series could not well satisfy the hypothesis of white spectrum, spectrum whitening deconvolution had a potential risk of wavelet distortion, which might lead to a pitfall in high resolution seismic data interpretation. On the other hand, the wavelet after well- driven deconvolution had higher resolution both in the time and frequency domains. It is favorable for high resolution seismic interpretation and reservoir prediction.

关键词： Well-driven high resolution spectrum whitening deconvolution seismic wavelet

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Structural characteristics of the Tan-Lu fault zone in Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 20-31页

作者： QI JiaFu1,2,ZHOU XinHuai3,DENG RongJing4 & ZHANG KeXin2 1 state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting,china petroleum university,beijing 102.4.,china 2 Department of Earth Sciences,china petroleum university,beijing 102200,china 3 Tianjin Branch of CNOOC china Limited,Tianjin 300451,china 4 beijing Research Center of CNOOC china Limited,beijing100027,china state key laboratory of petroleum resource and prospecting China Petroleum University Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences China Petroleum University Beijing China Tianjin Branch of CNOOC china Limited Tianjin China beijing Research Center of CNOOC china Limited Beijing China

The Tan-Lu fault zone across the eastern margin of the Cenozoic basins offshore the Bohai Sea is a NNE-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault system developed in the Cenozoic basin cover. It cuts through NE-to NNE-striking major extensional faults that controlled the formation of Paleogene basins. Recent petroleum exploration indicates that Cenozoic structural activities of the Tan-Lu fault system have directly or indirectly affected oil and gas distribution offshore the Bohai Sea. As part of a deep fault zone the Tan-Lu fault zone has been activated since the Oligocene,and obviously affected the tectonic evolution of offshore Bohai basins since then. The formation of Paleogene rift basins offshore the Bohai Sea has utilized the pre-existing structural elements of the Tan-Lu fault zone that developed in the late Mesozoic.

关键词： strike-slip fault extensional structure Tan-Lu fault zone Bohaiwan basin

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