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黄河源区景观格局与生态功能的动态变化

生态学报 2002年第10期22卷 1587-1598页

作者：王根绪郭晓寅程国栋中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室兰州730000

利用 2 0世纪 70年代、80年代与 90年代三期遥感资料 ,选取有代表性的 9个有关度量景观空间结构与景观异质性的定量指标 ,通过 FRAGSTATS计算方法 ,系统研究了黄河源区景观生态结构与景观格局变化 ,表明在近 30 a来 ,区域景观空间格局... 详细信息

利用 2 0世纪 70年代、80年代与 90年代三期遥感资料 ,选取有代表性的 9个有关度量景观空间结构与景观异质性的定量指标 ,通过 FRAGSTATS计算方法 ,系统研究了黄河源区景观生态结构与景观格局变化 ,表明在近 30 a来 ,区域景观空间格局趋于破碎化和多样化 ,其形成与发展的主要内在因素是高寒稀疏化草原草地、黑土化与杂类草草地和沙化草地等景观类型的迅速发展 ,其景观面积分别增加了 384 .1 6 %、6 6 .6 3%和 4 2 1 .0 9% ;选取景观生物生产力、景观土壤养分、景观植被覆盖度等景观功能的表征参数 ,提出了景观格局动态演变下分析景观功能变化的定量方法及其数学模型。在明确近 30 a来区域景观格局演变特征的基础上 ,研究了黄河源区不同时段不同景观类型间生态功能的转移流动特征及其区域生态环境效应 ,表明 :近 30 a来 ,黄河源区景观功能变化强烈 ;区域景观动态演变将形成区域内部景观功能向减退与增强两个方向的变化 ,两个方向的强度均衡将形成区域整体生态功能的特征。研究区域景观格局的动态变化所引起的区域生态功能演变特征。

关键词：黄河源区景观格局生态功能动态变化

The Glacier Area Changes in the Qangtang Plateau Based on the Multi-temporal Grid Method and its Sensitivity to Climate Change

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Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第6期8卷 882-893页

作者： WANG Liping XIE Zichu WANG Xin LIU Shiyin DING Liangfu SHANGGUAN Donghui The College of Resources and environmental Science Hunan Normal University Changsha China cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China Department of Geography Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan China

Glacier area changes in the Qangtang Plateau are analyzed during 1970-2000 using air photos,relevant photogrammetric maps and satellite images based on the multi-temporal grid *** results indicate that the melting of glaciers accelerated,only a few of glaciers in an advancing state during 1970-2000 in the whole Qangtang ***,the glaciers seemed still more stable in the study area than in most areas of western *** estimate that glacier retreat was likely due to air temperature warming during 1970-2000 in the Qangtang ***,the functional model of glacier system is applied to study climate sensitivity of glacier area changes,which indicates that glacier lifespan mainly depends on the heating rate,secondly the precipitation,and precipitation increasing can slow down glacier retreat and make glacier lifespan prolonged.

关键词： The Qangtang Plateau Glacier change Multi-temporal Climate change Functional model ofglacier system Simulation

粉土内甲烷水合物形成与分解过程中的水分特征

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天然气地球科学 2009年第4期20卷 616-619,626页

作者：张鹏吴青柏王英梅中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冻土工程国家重点实验室甘肃兰州730000

用可探测土壤内部水含量变化的pF-meter探头开展了甲烷水合物形成与分解过程中多孔介质内部水含量变化研究,结果表明,该新型研究方法可有效探测实验过程中多孔介质内水含量变化。通过研究指出:水合物生成时会对介质内的水产生吸力,将水... 详细信息

用可探测土壤内部水含量变化的pF-meter探头开展了甲烷水合物形成与分解过程中多孔介质内部水含量变化研究,结果表明,该新型研究方法可有效探测实验过程中多孔介质内水含量变化。通过研究指出:水合物生成时会对介质内的水产生吸力,将水向水合物处抽吸;水合物分解时会释放水,使介质内水含量增大;温度升高会使存于多孔介质内毛细管中的水向下流动;水合物在粉土中的二次形成范围比一次形成范围更大。

关键词：甲烷水合物形成与分解粉土水分

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论青藏铁路修筑中的冻土环境保护问题

水文地质工程地质 2002年第4期29卷 14-16,20页

作者：吴青柏施斌南京大学地球科学系地球环境计算工程研究所

本文通过研究已建青藏公路修筑过程中寒区冻土环境和生态环境的破坏特征 ,分析总结了寒区环境破坏对公路工程的影响。青藏公路工程修建活动极大地改变了冻土环境 ,使得多年冻土退化 ,上限加深 ,诱发了一系列冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻融... 详细信息

本文通过研究已建青藏公路修筑过程中寒区冻土环境和生态环境的破坏特征 ,分析总结了寒区环境破坏对公路工程的影响。青藏公路工程修建活动极大地改变了冻土环境 ,使得多年冻土退化 ,上限加深 ,诱发了一系列冻胀、融沉、热融滑塌等冻融灾害 ,使得生态环境原本就很脆弱的寒区环境更加恶化 ,如植被退化、荒漠化等 ,同时 ,冻土环境的破坏也使得工程环境恶化 ,直接影响青藏公路正常交通运输。因此 ,在即将进行的青藏铁路修筑工程中 ,必须深入研究其对冻土环境的影响 ,对冻土环境问题和环境保护应予以足够的重视。

关键词：青藏铁路冻土环境冻融灾害荒漠化冻胀融沉植被退化

Current developments of research on permafrost engineering and cold region environment:a report of the 8^(th) International Symposium on Permafrost engineering

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research in cold and arid regions 2010年第2期2卷 93-103页

作者： FuJun Niu 1,2,GuoYu Li 1,ShuPing Zhao 1,ShuJuan Zhang 1,YongGuo Zhao 2,HuiJun Jin 1 1.state key laboratory of frozen soil engineering,cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research {12.,Chinese Academy of Sciences,lanzhou,Gansu Province 730000,china 2.key laboratory of Highway Construction and Maintenance Technology for Permafrost regions of Ministry of Communications,CCCC First Highway Consultants Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an,Shaanxi Province 710068,china Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst State Key Lab Frozen Soil Engn Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China CCCC First Highway Consultants Co Ltd Permafrost Reg Minist Commun Key Lab Highway Construct & Maintenance Technol Xian 710068 Shaanxi Peoples R China

The Eighth International Symposium on Permafrost engineering was held in Xi’an,china,October *** major topics discussed in the symposium included:permafrost engineering (involving design,construction and evaluation);mitigation of frost hazards in the regions affected by seasonally frozen ground;properties of frozen soils,model development and their applications;frost hazards and periglacial environments in mountain and plateau regions;climatic,environmental and cryospheric changes;and permafrost hydrology,cold regions water resources and land *** papers submitted to the symposium and lectures during the meeting represented some new developments of research on cold region engineering and *** we summarized the works of the symposium in topics including:Permafrost engineering;General geocryology;Properties of frozen soils:model development and their applications;And climatic,environmental and cryospheric *** the symposium,the attendees pointed out that future studies should pay more attention to theoretical study and engineering mechanism study,and also on interaction between climate change and cold region environments and their engineering affects.

关键词： the 8th symposium permafrost engineering cold region environment summarizing

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长江源区五道梁的大气质量状况

山地学报 2009年第4期27卷 411-417页

作者：李韧赵林丁永建杨文季国良中国科学院青藏高原冰冻圈观测试验研究站冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

大气质量状况是研究大气对太阳辐射能衰减程度的一个重要方面。利用江河源区五道梁能量收支站1993-09～1999-12.辐射观测资料及1993-09～1995-05 MS-12.太阳光度表的观测资料计算了五道梁地区的大气浑浊度,分析了该地的大气质量状况。... 详细信息

大气质量状况是研究大气对太阳辐射能衰减程度的一个重要方面。利用江河源区五道梁能量收支站1993-09～1999-12.辐射观测资料及1993-09～1995-05 MS-12.太阳光度表的观测资料计算了五道梁地区的大气浑浊度,分析了该地的大气质量状况。结果表明,江河源区五道梁的大气洁净,1994～1999年间五道梁地区的ngstr m浑浊度β、D/S、全波段浑浊度TG有增大的趋势,晴空大气透射比及紫外辐射有减小的趋势。

关键词：长江源区大气浑浊度透射比紫外辐射

Recent advances in precipitation-bias correction and application

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research in cold and arid regions 2009年第3期1卷 193-198页

作者： DaQing Yang 1, NingLian Wang 2, BaiSheng Ye 2, LiJuan Ma 3 1. Water and environmental research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775-5860, USA. 2. state key laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lanzhou, Gansu 730000, china. 3. laboratory for Climate Studies, china Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, china. Univ Alaska Fairbanks Water & Environm Res Ctr Fairbanks AK 99775 USA Chinese Acad Sci Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst State Key Lab Cryospher Sci Lanzhou 730000 Gansu Peoples R China china Meteorol Adm Lab Climate Studies Beijing 100081 Peoples R China

Significant progresses have been made in recent years in precipitation data analyses at regional to global scales. This paper re-views and synthesizes recent advances in precipitation-bias corrections and applications in many countries and over the cold re-gions. The main objective of this review is to identify and examine gaps in regional and national precipitation-error analyses. This paper also discusses and recommends future research needs and directions. More effort and coordination are necessary in the determinations of precipitation biases on large regions across national borders. It is important to emphasize that bias cor-rections of precipitation measurements affect both water budget and energy balance calculations, particularly over the cold regions.

关键词： precipitation gauge measurement bias correction cold region

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Editor’s note

Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第16期54卷 2723-2723页

作者： YAO TanDong & TIAN LiDe key laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, institute of Tibetan Plateau research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, china state key laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, cold and arid regions Environment and engineering research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lanzhou 730000, china key laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China state key laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences Cold and Arid Regions Environment and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China

In 1961, the Global Network Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) was operated by the IAEA in collaboration with WMO, and over 500 stations across the globe participated in this program. The initial objective of this progr... 详细信息

关键词：环境同位素世界气象组织水文地球化学国际原子能机构大气环流模式气温变化水资源管理全球网络

Reliability and Validity Test of Questionnaire on the Adaptation Strategy of Cryosphere Changes in arid Inland River Basin

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Meteorological and environmental research 2011年第4期2卷 1-4,8页

作者： WANG Ying-wei1, LIU Shou-dong1, DENG Mao-zhi2,3 1. School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, china 2. cold and arid regions environmental and engineering research institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lanzhou 730000, china 3. state key laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, lanzhou 730000, china

[Objective] The aim was to test the reliability and validity of questionnaire on the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin. [Method] A questionnaire on 'the adaptation strategy of cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin' was carried out in Urumchi River basin and Aksu River basin, and its reliability and validity were tested by means of statistical method, so as to investigate the stability and accuracy of questionnaire. [Result] Reliability analysis of questionnaire showed that the split-half reliability coefficient of questionnaire in Urumchi River basin and Aksu River basin was 0.729 and 0.750, respectively, and Cronbach’s α reliability coefficient was 0.613 and 0.616, respectively, which revealed that the questionnaire had good equivalence and internal consistency which reflected good reliability and stability. According to validity analysis on questionnaire, there was significant correlation between the score of most questions and questionnaire, and it indicated that questionnaire had high content validity. There were 8 common factors collected from 26 questions, which were summarized as agricultural planting, agricultural water conservation, life satisfaction, cultivated land variation, social integration sense, climate and cryosphere changes, capital input improved by environment and family economic condition, respectively. Meanwhile, the contribution rate of various questions in corresponding indexes was higher, and reflected structure was in full accord with questionnaire content, which revealed that questionnaire owned good construct validity. [Conclusion] With higher stability and accuracy, the questionnaire could determine the desired topic and content and was suitable for the study on the perception of common people and choices of adaptive strategy under cryosphere changes in arid inland river basin in northwestern china.

关键词： Cryosphere changes Adaptive strategy Questionnaire Reliability and validity test china