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Control of atmospheric CO_2.concentrations by 2.50: A calculation on the emission rights of different countries

Science china Earth sciences 2009年第8期52卷 1447-1469页

作者： DING ZhongLi1, DUAN XiaoNan2. GE QuanSheng3.& ZHANG ZhiQiang4 1 Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 10002., {3. 2.The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100864, {3. 3.Institute of geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100101, {3. 4 The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library, the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment, Lanzhou 73.000, {3. Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The General Office of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing China Institute of geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China The Lanzhou Branch of the National Science Library the Scientific Information Center for Resources and Environment Lanzhou China

This paper is to provide quantitative data on some critical issues in anticipation of the forthcoming international negotiations in Denmark on the control of atmospheric CO2.concentrations. Instead of letting only a small number of countries dominate a few controversial dialogues about emissions reductions, a comprehensive global system must be established based on emissions allowances for different countries, to realize the long-term goal of controlling global atmospheric CO2.concentrations. That a system rooted in "cumulative emissions per capita," the best conception of the "common but differentiated responsibilities" principle affirmed by the Kyoto Protocol according to fundamental standards of fairness and justice, was demonstrated. Based on calculations of various countries' cumulative emissions per capita, estimates of their cumulative emissions from 1900 to 2.05, and their annual emissions allowances into the future (2.06―2.50), a 470 ppmv atmospheric CO2.concentration target was set. According to the following four objective indicators―total emissions allowance from 1900 to 2.50, actual emissions from 1900 to 2.05, emissions levels in 2.05, and the average growth rate of emissions from 1996 to 2.05―all countries and regions whose population was more than 3.0000 in 2.05 were divided into four main groups: countries with emissions deficits, countries and regions needing to reduce their gross emissions, countries and regions needing to reduce their emissions growth rates, and countries that can maintain the current emissions growth rates. Based on this proposal, most G8 countries by 2.05 had already expended their 2.50 emissions allowances. The accu-mulated financial value based on emissions has reached more than 5.5 trillion US dollars (2. dollars per ton of CO2.. Even if these countries could achieve their ambitious emissions reduction targets in the future, their per capita emissions from 2.06 to 2.50 would still be much higher than those of developing coun

关键词： international negotiations on climate change cumulative emissions per capita emission allowance

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土壤中稀土对有效氮形态分配和转化的影响

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中国稀土学报 2004年第3期22卷 375-379页

作者：丁士明张自立梁涛孙琴中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 安徽农业大学土化学安徽合肥230036 南京大学环境学院污染控制与资源化研究国家重点实验室江苏南京210093

在土壤旱作和淹水培养两种方式下 ,通过添加外源稀土研究了黄褐土中稀土对有效氮形态分配和转化的影响。结果表明 ,在旱培条件下 ,土壤中稀土含量的提高增加铵态氮和水解氮的含量 ,减少硝态氮的含量 ,两周内增加矿质态氮的含量 ,八周以... 详细信息

在土壤旱作和淹水培养两种方式下 ,通过添加外源稀土研究了黄褐土中稀土对有效氮形态分配和转化的影响。结果表明 ,在旱培条件下 ,土壤中稀土含量的提高增加铵态氮和水解氮的含量 ,减少硝态氮的含量 ,两周内增加矿质态氮的含量 ,八周以后则无显著影响 ;有效氮的含量在稀土含量较低时升高 ,高含量时则下降 ,实验确定外源稀土对旱培土壤有效氮作用的无观察效应浓度 (NOEC)为 44 3..8mg·kg- 1 。在淹水培养条件下 ,稀土含量较低时对土壤铵态氮和水解氮含量无显著影响 ,含量较高时则降低铵态氮和水解氮含量 ,外源稀土对淹水土壤铵态氮和水解氮含量影响的无观察效应浓度分别为 171.2.,2.5 6.9mg·kg- 1 。分析表明 ,土壤中稀土含量的变化对氮素的影响在旱培条件下主要与稀土对土壤硝化过程作用有关 ,淹水条件下与稀土对土壤氨化过程作用有关。

关键词：土壤学氮素形态转化安全性评价黄褐土稀土

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多级缓冲技术在提高电力GIS性能中的应用

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水电能源科学 2009年第1期27卷 183-186页

作者：左天惠都金康高静南京大学地理与海洋科学学院江苏南京210093

通过构建多级缓冲技术,即充分结合DBMS、ARCSDE、BDB、内存Cache及多线程应用等多种技术来提高电力GIS的性能,并通过降低系统网络数据流量及对服务器端的依赖,用更高性能的BDB查询方式降低客户端的计算量,提高了查询显示速度,从而有效... 详细信息

通过构建多级缓冲技术,即充分结合DBMS、ARCSDE、BDB、内存Cache及多线程应用等多种技术来提高电力GIS的性能,并通过降低系统网络数据流量及对服务器端的依赖,用更高性能的BDB查询方式降低客户端的计算量,提高了查询显示速度,从而有效地提高了电力GIS系统的性能。

关键词：电力GIS ARCSDE BDB多级缓冲

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Spatial distribution characteristics of urban thermal conditions: application of GIS and remote sensing

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Journal of geographical sciences 2001年第3期11卷 261-270页

作者： ZHOU Hong-mei1, ZHOU Cheng-hu2. GE Wei-qiang1, DING Jin-cai3.(1. Shanghai Meteorological Institute, Shanghai 2.003., china 2. State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, Institute of geographic {2. and Natural Resources Shanghai Meteorological Institute Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing China Meteorological Center Shanghai China

The urban thermal distribution characteristics and its variation are dynamically monitored and synthetically analyzed by using GIS technology. The meteorological satellite data serve as main information source, assisted as auxiliary information sources by the landsat satellite TM data, land use thematic maps and meteorological observed data. A correlated pattern on the ground surface brightness temperatures and air temperatures has been studied and established with good performance of application.

关键词： remote sensing geographic information system urban thermal distribution application and study

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Discussion on the dispersion & agglomeration of aircraft industry

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2009年第3期21卷 192-197,208页

作者： Bo Chu1,2.. Institute of geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101 2. Graduate {2. of the Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100049,china. Institute of geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research CAS Beijing 100101 Graduate school of the Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China

The aircraft industry is crucial to the economy and security of a nation. In this paper,the spatial characteristics and patterns of the aircraft industry are analyzed on different spatial scales. It is found that there is a ’Matthew effect’ in the global aircraft industry and the spatial evolution of the industry is consistent with the industrialization process of the whole country. It is also revealed that the spatial evolution of the country is driven by both the centripetal forces including capital,talents,technology and agglomeration economies and the centrifugal forces including the comparative advantage,cost & risk sharing,emerging markets,development policy for less-developed regions and the military imperative. These forces have both market-stabilizing and market-disrupting effects on the spatial evolution of the aircraft industry. The study suggests that lessons drawn from the experiences in the United States and France are expected to be conducive to the rise of china’s aircraft industry in the future.

关键词： aircraft industry dispersion agglomeration spatial evolution

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Topological relations between directed lines and simple geometries

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Science china(Technological sciences) 2008年第S1期51卷 91-101页

作者： GAO Yong1,ZHANG Yi1,TIAN Yuan1 & WENG JingNong2.1 Institute of Remote Sensing and geographic Information System,Peking University,Beijing 100871,china 2.Colledge of Software,Beihang University,Beijing 100083.china Institute of Remote Sensing and geographic Information System Peking University Beijing China Colledge of Software Beihang University Beijing China

Directed lines are fundamental geometric elements to represent directed linear en-tities. The representations of their topological relations are so different from those of simple lines that they cannot be solved exactly with normal methods. In this paper,a new model based on point-set topology is defined to represent the topo-logical relations between directed lines and simple geometries. Through the inter-sections between the start-points,end-points,and interiors of the directed lines and the interiors,boundaries,and exteriors of the simple geometries,this model identifies 5 cases of topological relations between directed lines and points,3. cases of simple lines,and 2. cases of simple polygons. Another 4 cases of simple lines and one case of simple polygons are distinguished if considering the exteri-ors of the directed lines. All possible cases are furthermore grouped into an exclu-sive and complete set containing 11 named predicts. And the conceptual neigh-borhood graph is set up to illustrate their relationship and similarity. This model can provide a basis for natural language description and spatial query language to present the dynamic semantics of directed lines relative to the background fea-tures.

关键词： topological relation directed line simple geometry intersection model

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Study of attenuation depths for MODIS bands in the Bohai Sea in china

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2009年第5期28卷 39-48页

作者： LIU Ying LI Guosheng Institute of geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geogrphy Chinese Academy of Science Urumqi 830011 China

An attenuation depth is defined for remote sensing purposes as a depth above which 90% of the arising light leaving the water surface is originated. The deeper the attenuation depth, the more information of water is detectable by remote sensing, then the more precise information of water is extracted. Meanwhile, the attenuation depth is helpful to know water layer （by its thickness） from which remote sensing will be able to extract information. A number of investigators are using the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer （or MODIS） for remote sensing of ocean color. It is necessary to have a rough idea of the effective attenuation depth of imagery in each of the spectral bands employed by the MODIS. The attenuation depth is directly determined from MODIS data. Though analyzing the spectral distribution of the attenuation depth on 7 August 2.03.and the seasonal variation of the attenuation depth （551 nm） in the Bohai Sea indicated that： the spectral distribution of the attenuation depth for the spectral range between 400 to 700 nm is single-peak curve, and it’s similar and difference in different regions is consistent with other scholars’ results of zoning, moreover, it supports the Bohai Sea is Case 2.water; the maximum attenuation depth shifts toward longer wavelengths, liking the red shift, with increase of turbidity of water, just like the maximum attenuation depth in the outside of the northwest coast of the Bohai Sea and the Bohai Strait is at 53.nm, in the central of the Bohai Sea is at 551nm, in the region controlled by the Huanghe （Yellow） River, the region impacted by the old Huanghe River, the western side of the Liaodong Bay and the eastern side of the Liaodong Bay is at 555 nm; the seasonal change of the attenuation depth is the largest in the summer, followed by the fall, and the ranking of winter and spring in different regions is distinct. The attenuation depth in different regions is dissimilar： the order of the attenuation depth in different

关键词： attenuation depth MODIS Bohai Sea

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历史文化旅游资源数量敏感度调整评价模型研究——以江苏吴江水乡古镇古诗词文化为例

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苏州科技学院学报（自然科学版） 2011年第4期28卷 1-7页

作者：张捷南京大学地理与海洋科学学院江苏南京210093

以古诗词为例,构建了地方非物质文化旅游资源的定性评价模式、文化资源价值定量评价模型和文化资源旅游价值综合评价模型,并根据心理学原理构建了可以纠正以往线性取值方法不足的新的敏感度调整取值方法,以适应资源总体评价中单体数量... 详细信息

以古诗词为例,构建了地方非物质文化旅游资源的定性评价模式、文化资源价值定量评价模型和文化资源旅游价值综合评价模型,并根据心理学原理构建了可以纠正以往线性取值方法不足的新的敏感度调整取值方法,以适应资源总体评价中单体数量的边际效用递减现象。该文结果实际上也是以诗词为底蕴的地方文脉乃至非物质文化遗产的评价模式。文中结合吴江水乡古镇的规划进行了案例分析。

关键词：古诗词旅游资源非物质文化资源评价边际递减

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Changes in hair arsenic concentration in a population exposed to heavy pollution:Follow-up investigation in Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,Southern china

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2010年第2期22卷 283-289页

作者： Bin Wu,Tongbin Chen Center for Environmental Remediation,Institute of geographic sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of sciences,Beijing 100101,{3.. Center for Environmental Remediation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Follow-up investigation on hair arsenic concentration was conducted in an arsenic heavily polluted area of southern china in 2.02.and 2.06. The results showed that the geometric mean of hair arsenic concentration decreased from 2.95 mg/kg in 2.02.to 1.78 mg/kg in 2.06, when the percentage of the population with levels over 1 mg/kg only decreased from 93.4% in 2.02.to 80.5% in 2.06. Over this four-year period, the population with high arsenic concentrations decreased significantly while there was no obvious change in hair arsenic concentration for people who had relatively low concentrations. In terms of age distribution, young and old people had higher hair arsenic concentrations than the middle-aged. All of these results showed that it is difficult to reverse the negative impact of arsenic pollution on human health. Arsenic pollution has a long-term continuous influence on the health of local residents.

关键词： arsenic human health soil contamination hair arsenic

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一种基于线面包含关系的GML空间聚类算法

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山东大学学报（工学版） 2009年第2期39卷 21-25页

作者：张丽吉根林南京师范大学计算机系南京210097 南京师范大学虚拟地理环境教育部重点实验室南京210046

针对目前大多数空间聚类算法主要是针对关系数据且没有考虑空间拓扑关系相似性的问题,对基于空间拓扑关系的空间聚类方法进行研究.提出了一种基于线面包含关系的GML(geography markup language)空间聚类算法SCGML-LRI(spatial clusterin... 详细信息

针对目前大多数空间聚类算法主要是针对关系数据且没有考虑空间拓扑关系相似性的问题,对基于空间拓扑关系的空间聚类方法进行研究.提出了一种基于线面包含关系的GML(geography markup language)空间聚类算法SCGML-LRI(spatial clustering in GML data based on line-region inclusion relations).算法将GML文档中线面空间对象的包含关系作为空间对象相似性度量准则,并用CLOPE算法对空间对象进行聚类.实验结果表明:算法SCGML-LRI能实现GML数据的空间聚类,并具有较高的效率.

关键词：空间聚类拓扑关系线面空间包含 GML

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