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Asymmetric interaction will facilitate the evolution of cooperation

Science china(Life Sciences) 2010年第8期53卷 1041-1046页

作者： WANG RuiWu1, HE JunZhou1,2. WANG YaQiang1,2. SHI Lei1,3.& LI YaoTang1,2.1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, {3. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, {3. 6502.3.{2. {3. of Mathematics and statistics, Yunnan University, kunming 650091,{2. 3.statistics and Mathematics College, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, {3. 6502.1,{2. 1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Science Kunming 650223 China2. School of Mathematics and Statistics Yunnan University Kunming 650091 China3. Statistics and Mathematics College Yunnan University of Finance and Economics Kunming 650221 China

Explaining the evolution of cooperation remains one of the greatest problems for both biology and social science. The classical theories of cooperation suggest that cooperation equilibrium or evolutionary stable strategy between partners can be maintained through genetic similarity or reciprocity relatedness. These classical theories are based on an assumption that partners interact symmetrically with equal payoffs in a game of cooperation interaction. However, the payoff between partners is usually not equal and therefore they often interact asymmetrically in real cooperative systems. With the Hawk–Dove model, we find that the probability of cooperation between cooperative partners will depend closely on the payoff ratio. The higher the payoff ratio between recipients and cooperative actors, the greater will be the probability of cooperation interaction between involved partners. The greatest probability of conflict between cooperative partners will occur when the payoff between partners is equal. The results show that this asymmetric relationship is one of the key dynamics of the evolution of cooperation, and that pure cooperation strategy (i.e., Nash equilibrium) does not exist in asymmetrical cooperation systems, which well explains the direct conflict observed in almost all of the well documented cooperation systems. The model developed here shows that the cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation is also negatively correlated with the probability of cooperation interaction. A smaller cost-to-benefit ratio of cooperation might be created by the limited dispersal ability or exit cost of the partners involved, and it will make the punishment of the non-cooperative individuals by the recipient more credible, and therefore make it more possible to maintain stable cooperation interaction.

关键词： Hawk–Dove game evolutionarily stable strategy asymmetric cooperation mixed strategy Nash equilibrium

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On the Symmetry Classes of Functions

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第5期10卷 813-816页

作者： ZHU Ping~1,2. FAN Yun~3.1. school of Mathematics and statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 43.072. Hubei,{2. 2. school of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876,{2. 3. school of Mathematics and statistics, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 43.079, Hubei,{2. Wuhan University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***) Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Science Beijing China (GRID:grid.31880.32) Huazhong Normal University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.411407.7) (ISNI:***)

Let R be an integral domain of characteristic zero such that the corresponding group rings have block decompositions. We first prove that the submodule consisting of all the R-valued ξi-symmetric functions of several variables is a symmetry class, where ξi is any block character. Then we present a relationship among certain operators introduced for block character. Then we present a relationship among certain operators introduced for block characters. As a consequence, we obtain a decomposition of an arbitrary R-valued function of several variables. Finally, we describe the symmetry property of such summands and determine all the symmetry classes.

关键词： symmetry class strict symmetry class blockcharacter ξi-symmetric function block idempotent

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COLLECTIVELY COMPACT COMPOSITION OPERATOR SEQUENCES BETWEEN BERGMAN AND HARDY SPACES

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2004年第2期24卷 206-212页

作者：王茂发刘培德 schoolofMathematicsandstatistics WuhanUniversityWuhan430072China

This paper studies the collective compactness of composition operator sequences between the Bergman and Hardy spaces. Some sufficient and necessary conditions involving the generalized Nevanlinna counting functions fo... 详细信息

关键词： Bergman space Hardy space composition operator collectively compact operator sequence

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Singular Integral Equations with Cosecant Kernel in Solutions with Singularities of High Order

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第2期10卷 339-343页

作者： HAN Hui-li 1,2.,DU Jin-yuan 1,3.1. school of Mathematics and statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 43.072. Hubei,{2. 2. school of Mathematics and Computer, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 75002., Ningxia,{2. 3. Department of Mathematics, Hubei Institute for Nationalities, Enshi 445000, Hubei,{2. Wuhan University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***) Ningxia University School of Mathematics and Computer Yinchuan Ningxia China (GRID:grid.260987.2) (ISNI:***) Wuhan University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***) Hubei Institute for Nationalities Department of Mathematies Enshi Hubei China (GRID:grid.34418.3a) (ISNI:***)

We have discussed and solved the boundary value problem with period 2.π and the singular integral equation with kernel csc t-tv/a in solution having singularities of high order, where the smooth contour of integratio... 详细信息

关键词： boundary value problem singular integral equation the singularities of high order

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Criteria for Regularity of Elliptic Diffusion Processes and It’s Application

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2005年第2期10卷 347-350页

作者： LI Bo 1,2., ZHANG Xiao-min 3.1.school of Mathematics and statistics,Huazhong Normal University,Wuhan 43.079,Hubei,{2. {3. of Mathematics and statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 43.072. Hubei, china 3.Faculty of Science,Ningbo University,Ningbo 3.52.1,Zhejiang, china Huazhong Normal University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.411407.7) (ISNI:***) Wuhan University School of Mathematics and Statistics Wuhan Hubei China (GRID:grid.49470.3e) (ISNI:***) Ningbo University Faculty of Science Ningbo Zhejiang China (GRID:grid.203507.3) (ISNI:***)

The cone condition for x to be tegular for B under the elliptic diffusionprocess was proved. We also gave a necessary and sufficient condition for 0 to be regular for thornunder the elliptic diffusion process.

关键词： regular capacity thorn diffusion process

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The role of aerial algae in the formation of the landscape of the Yunnan Stone Forest,Yunnan Province, china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第9期47卷 846-864页

作者： TIAN Youping1,3. ZHANG Jie2. SONG Linhua1 & BAO Haosheng2.1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, china 2. Department of Geography, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093. china 3. {2. of Earth Sciences and Resources, china University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083. china Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Geography Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China school of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

Aerial algae on the surface of carbonate rocks at the Stone Forest, Shilin County, Yunnan Province, china, and their bioerosion were investigated in the field and studied in the laboratory in detail. Through the observation, identification and statistics of more than one hun- dred algal samples and rock samples with the optical microscopes (stereomicroscope, biological microscope) and the scanning electronic microscope (SEM), the relationships between erosional forms on the surface of the Stone Forest and algae and/or algal communities and the genetic mechanism for the formation of erosional forms were analyzed. It is suggested that aerial algae play an active role in bioerosive processes that may affect the formation of karst erosional forms. These effects include both direct and indirect ones. The direct effect is the initiative control (algal shape-controlling role) of algae on the formation of karst forms of various scales, mostly mi- cro-scale (3.) and minor-scale (10-3.10-1m) erosional forms. The algal shape-controlling roles can be divided into the algal individual shape-controlling role and the algal community shape-controlling role. The former mostly controls the formation of micro-scale erosional forms, while the latter mostly controls the formation of micro-scale and smaller minor-scale erosional forms. The indirect effect refers to the promoting role of algae in the formation of karst forms, which may affect the formation of karst forms of all types and scales. The bioerosion of algae accelerates the weathering process of the whole Stone Forest karst landforms.

关键词： aerial algae, bioerosion, the Stone Forest, Yunnan Province, china.

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Uniform estimate for maximum of randomly weighted sums with applications to insurance risk theory

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Science china Mathematics 2005年第10期48卷 1379-1394页

作者： WANG Dingcheng~1 SU Chun~2.& ZENG Yong~1 1. school of Management and school of Applied Mathematics,University of Electronic Science and Technology of{2.,Chengdu 610054,{3. 2. Department of statistics and Finance,University of Science and Technology of{2.,Hefei 2.002.,{3. 1. school of Management and school of Applied Mathematics University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 610054 Chengdu China 2. Department of statistics and Finance University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei China

This paper obtains the uniform estimate for maximum of sums of independent and heavy-tailed random variables with nonnegative random weights, which can be arbitrarily dependent of each other. Then the applications to ... 详细信息

关键词： dependent stochastic return, discount factor, heavy-tails, discrete time insurance risk model, maxima of randomly weighted sums, ruin probability, tail probabilities, uniformly asymptotic estimate.

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Impacts of permafrost changes on alpine ecosystem in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第11期49卷 1156-1169页

作者： WANG Genxu1,3., LI Yuanshou2., WU Qingbai2.& WANG Yibo3.1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, china 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73.000, china 3. Resource and Environment {2., Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 73.000, china 1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China 3. Resource and Environment school Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China 2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou 730000 China

Alpine cold ecosystem with permafrost environment is quite sensitive to climatic changes and the changes in permafrost can significantly affect the alpine ecosystem. The vegetation coverage, grassland biomass and soil nutrient and texture are selected to indicate the regime of alpine cold ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The interactions between alpine ecosystem and permafrost were investigated with the depth of active layer, permafrost thickness and mean annual ground temperature (MAGTs). Based on the statistics model of GPTR for MAGTs and annual air temperatures, an analysis method was developed to analyze the impacts of permafrost changes on the alpine ecosystems. Under the climate change and human engineering activities, the permafrost change and its impacts on alpine ecosystems in the permafrost region between the Kunlun Mountains and the Tanggula Range of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are studied in this paper. The results showed that the per- mafrost changes have a different influence on different alpine ecosystems. With the increase in the thickness of active layer, the vegetation cover and biomass of the alpine cold meadow exhibit a significant conic reduction, the soil organic matter content of the alpine cold meadow ecosystem shows an exponential decrease, and the surface soil materials become coarse and gravelly. The alpine cold steppe ecosystem, however, seems to have a relatively weak relation to the permafrost environment. Those relationships resulted in the fact that the distribution area of alpine cold meadow decreased by 7.98% and alpine cold swamp decreased by 2..11% under the permafrost environment degradation during recent 15 years. In the future 50 years the alpine cold meadow ecosystems in different geomorphologic units may have different responses to the changes of the permafrost under different climate warming conditions, among them the alpine cold meadow and swamp ecosystem located in the low mountain and plateau area will have a relatively

关键词： permafrost environment, alpine cold ecosystem, statistics relationship, climate change, impacts, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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Statistical Inference for Simple Tree Order in the Means of Stochastic Order on Stratified Contingency Tables

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2010年第2期15卷 93-98页

作者： YAN Guoyi1,2. CHEN Jingjing3.1.school of Mathematics and statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 43.072. Hubei,{2. 2. school of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 43.074, Hubei,{2. 3. school of Sciences, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 43.081, Hubei,{2. school of Mathematics and statistics Wuhan University Wuhan China school of Sciences Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China school of Sciences Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

In this paper, we consider testing the hypothesis that all multinomial populations in the stratified contingency table are identically distributed against the alternative that all these popula- tions are in simple tree order. We provide an asymptotic represen- tation of the order-restricted maximum likelihood estimate of the unknown parameters. The resulting estimators are proven to be ~n-consistent and asymptotically normal under appropriate conditions. A chi-squared test method is used for this hypothesis test problem. A real data set is applied to illustrate our theoretical result.

关键词： simple tree order chi-squared test asymptotic representation asymptotic distribution

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A Note on Abelian Extensions

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2008年第1期13卷 6-8页

作者： YU Chuxiong1,2. FAN Yun3.1. school of Mathematics and statistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 43.072. Hubei,{2. 2. school of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 43.056, Hubei,{2. 3. school of Mathematics and statistics, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 43.079, Hubei,{2. school of Mathematics and statistics Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 Hubei China

Let K/Q be any abelian extension where Q is the field of rational numbers. By Galois theory and the Frobenius formula for induced characters, we prove that there exists a metabelian group G and an irreducible characte... 详细信息

关键词： abelian extensions metabelian groups induced characters Galois groups

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