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Effects of abnormally high heat stress on petroleum in reservoir——An example from the Tazhong 18 Well in the Tarim Basin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2008年第4期51卷 515-527页

作者： ZHU DongYa1, JIN ZhiJun1, HU WenXuan2.& ZHANG XueFeng3 1 petroleum exploration and Production {2., China petroleum & Chemical Corporation, beijing 100083. China 2.Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, China 3 School of Resource and Information, China University of petroleum, beijing 102.49, China petroleum exploration and Production {2. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Beijing China Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China School of Resource and Information China University of Petroleum Beijing China

An igneous intrusion of 94m thick was discovered intruding into the Silurian sandstone from Tazhong 18 Well. The petroleum previously preserved in the Silurian sandstone reservoir was altered into black carbonaceous bitumen by abnormally high heat stress induced by the igneous intrusion. The reflec-tance of the carbonaceous bitumen reaches as high as 3.54%, indicating that the bitumen had evolved into a high thermal evolution level. Similar to the Silurian samples from the neighboring Tazhong 11, Tazhong 12. Tazhong 45 and Tazhong 47 wells, the distribution of C2., C2. and C2. steranes of the car-bonaceous bitumen is still "V" -shaped and can still be employed as an efficient parameter in oil source correlation. The "V" -shaped distribution indicates that the hydrocarbons from the Tazhong 18 and the neighboring wells were all generated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician hydrocarbon source rocks. However, the oil source correlation parameters associated with and terpanes had been changed greatly by the high heat stress and can no longer be used in oil source correlation. The δ 13C values of the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells are between -32.53‰ and -33.37‰, coincident with those of the Paleozoic marine petroleum in the Tarim Basin. However, the δ 13C values of the carbonaceous bitumen from the Tazhong 18 Well are between -2..18‰ and -2..2.‰, isotopically much heavier than the pe-troleum from the neighboring wells. The content of light hydrocarbons (nC14-nC2.) of the saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the carbonaceous bitumen is extremely higher than the content of heavy hy-drocarbons. The light/heavy hydrocarbon ratios (ΣnC2.-/ΣnC2.+) are between 4.56 and 39.17. In the saturated fraction, the even numbered hydrocarbons are predominant to the odd numbered, and the OEP (Odd to Even Predominance) values are between 0.2. and 0.49. However, the content of light hy-drocarbons in the petroleum from the neighboring wells is relatively low and the content of the even numb

关键词： Tarim Basin igneous intrusive abnormally high heat stress bitumen carbon isotope PAH

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The Cretaceous tectonic event in the Qiangtang Basin and its implications for hydrocarbon accumulation

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petroleum Science 2010年第4期7卷 466-471页

作者： Li Yalin Wang Chengshan Li Yongtie Ma Chao Wang Licheng Peng Shaonan State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources research Center for Tibetan Plateau Geology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China petroleum exploration and {2. research institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The tectonic event during Cretaceous and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation in the Qiangtang Basin is discussed based on zircon U-Pb dating and the study of deformation, thermochronology and hydrocarbon formation. LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the tectonic event took place during the Early-Late Cretaceous （12.-75Ma）. The event not only established the framework and the styles of structural traps in the basin, but also led to the cessation of the first hydrocarbon formation and the destruction of previous oil pools. The light crude oil in the basin was formed during the second hydrocarbon formation stage in the Cenozoic, and ancient structural traps formed during the Cretaceous event are promising targets for oil and gas exploration.

关键词： Qinghai-Tibet plateau Qiangtang Basin tectonic event Cretaceous hydrocarbon accumulation

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Control of neotectonic movement on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Kuqa Foreland Basin,west China

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petroleum Science 2010年第1期7卷 49-58页

作者： Jiang Zhenxue Li Lianxia Song Yan Tian Fenghua Zhao Mengjun Wang Haijiang Zhao Zhenxing State Key Laboratory of petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China Basin and Reservoir research Center China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China exploration and development {2. institute PetroChina Beijing 100083 China Department of exploration ＆ development PetroChina CBM Limited Company Beijing 100013 China exploration Department Tarim Oilfield Company PetroChina Kuerle Xinjiang 841000 China No.8 Oil Production Plant Changqing Oilfield Company PetroChina Xi＇an Shaanxi 710018 China

Neotectonic movement refers to the tectonic movement that has happened since the Cenozoic, which is the latest movement. It has the most important influence on the basins in west China, especially on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the western foreland basins. We determined the time of neotectonic movement in the Kuqa Foreland Basin, which began from the Neogene, and analyzed the patterns of movement, which were continuous and fast subsidence in the vertical direction and intense lateral compression. The structure styles are that the faulting is weakened and the folding is strengthened gradually from north to south. We studied the control of neotectonic movement on the hydrocarbon accumulation process and model in the Kuqa Foreland Basin with basin simulation technique. The largest subsidence rate of the Kuqa Foreland Basin reached 1,2.0 m/Ma during the neotectonic movement, leading to rapid maturing of source rock within 5 Ma and a large quantity of hydrocarbon being generated and expelled. The thick neotectonic strata can form high quality reservoirs with the proved gas and oil reserves accounting for 5% and 2.% of the total reserves, respectively. 86% of the structural traps were formed in the neotectonic movement period. The faults formed during the neotectonic movement serve as important migration pathways and they exist in the region where the hydrocarbon reservoirs are distributed. Abnormally high pressure caused by the intense lateral compression, thick neotectonic strata deposition and rapid hydrocarbon generation provide driving force for hydrocarbon migration. The accumulation elements match each other well over a short period, leading to many large gas fields formed later in the Kuqa Foreland Basin.

关键词： Kuqa Foreland Basin neotectonic movement accumulation element accumulation process accumulation model

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Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 1-11页

作者： JIA ChengZao1, LI BenLiang2. 3, ZHANG XingYang3 & LI ChuanXin1 1 research institute of {2. exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083. China 2.Resources and Information institute, China University of {2., beijing 102.49, China 3 Central Laboratory of {2. Geology research, research institute of {2. exploration and development, beijing 100083. China

There are plenty of petroleum resources in the Chinese marine basins, which will be the potential exploration regions of petroleum in the 2.st century. The formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins have mainly undergone two major tectonic epochs and five tectonic evolution stages. The first major tectonic epoch is the early Paleozoic plate divergence and drifting epoch during which the marine basins were formed, and the second one is the late Paleozoic plate convergence and collision epoch during which the pre-existent marine basins were superimposed and modified. The five tectonic evolution stages include: ① the drifting of micro-continental plates in Oceans and the formation of marine basins mainly filled with carbonate rocks during Proterozoic-Middle Carboniferous; ② the northward collage and convergence of continental plates and the development of the paralic sedimentary basins during Late Carboniferous-Middle Triassic; ③ the tectonically stabilized stage after the plate collage and the superimposition of lacustrine basins controlled by the inland subsidence during Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous; ④ the stage of the inland deformation and successive deep burial, uplifting, erosion or breakage of marine basins influenced by the plate tectonic activities of Neo-Tethys Ocean and the West Pacific developed in Late Cretaceous-Paleocene; ⑤ the stage of the foreland compression and basin-range coupling in the margin of the marine basins caused by the collision between India and Eurasia Plates and its long-distance effect since Neocene. The process of the tectonic evolution has controlled the petroleum geologic characteristics of Chinese marine basins, and a material foundation for the formation of oil and gas reservoirs has been built up via the formation of Paleozoic ma- rine basins, and the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic superimposition and modification have controlled the key conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation. From the Late Proterozoic to

关键词： marine basin plate tectonics tectonics evolution petroleum exploration

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Forming Mechanism of High Quality Reservoirs of Tertiary in the Southern Margin of Junggar Basin and Forecasting Before Drilling

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 139-140页

作者： Lihong Song,Shaoqiang Sui Sedimentary Reservoir Key Laboratories of Experimental Center,exploration and development {2. institute of China petroleum,beijing 100083.China.

Tertiary Junggar Basin has been subjected to a shrinking *** by the Yanshan orogeny, especially the Himalayan movement,the Tianshan Mountain continued to rise,leading the southern margin to the sedimentary environment with steep slope and speed *** major depositional facies in Ziniquanzi Formation is generally a set of delta under the setting of lake transgression,belonging to single deposi-

关键词： Junggar Basin Teritary reservoir heavy mineral diagenesis

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Controlling Factors Affecting Pressure Differential development of the Upper Paleozoic Gas Reservoir in the Sulige and Yulin Area of the Ordos Basin

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 126-127页

作者： Hao Xu~1,Junfeng Zhang~2.Chengzao Jia~3,Dazhen Tang~1,Ming Li~3,Wenzhong Zhang~1 1.Key Laboratory of Marine Reservoir Evolution and Hydrocarbon Accumulation Mechanism,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(beijing),beijing {2.China. 2.petrochina exploration and Production Company,beijing 10072.,China 3.research institute of petroleum exploration & development,beijing {2.China

The origin and distribution of Upper Paleozoic reservoirs pressure in mid-northem Ordos Basin has attracted widespread attention in recent *** reservoir pressure of Sulige area shows characteristics of basically subnormal pressure,and the reservoir pressure of Yulin area shows characteristics of basically normal hydrostatic *** the sense of structural location,

关键词： Ordos Basin Sulige area Yulin area formation pressure controlling factors

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Seismic multi-arch structures in East China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第2期49卷 133-146页

作者： YANG Wencai1 & CHEN Zhide2.1.institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, beijing 100037, China 2.Daqing institute of petroleum exploration and Production, Daqing 163712. China institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing China Daqing institute of petroleum {2. and Production Daqing China

In previous papers (Wencai, 2.02. 2.03), the author has analyzed the deep seismic reflection profiles along some of the Mesozoic plutons in East China, and has pointed out that the crustal structures around these intrusions usually correlate with a special seismic fabric called the seismic multi-arch structure. This paper will continue to show main characteristics of the seismic multi-arch structures and discuss their relationship with mantle-origin magmatism and the lithospheric thinning process. Calibration of seismic reflectors in Chinese continental drilling sites shows that small-scale arch-like reflectors can be generated by fractured eclogites or other plutons, they do not belong to the multi-arch structure specially discussed in the paper. The multi-arch structure is char-acterized by several arch-like reflectors distributed in both the upper and lower crust with granitoid plutons or stocks exposed on the surface, which do not have obvious negative Europium anomalies. Based on the distribution pattern of arch reflectors, the multi-arch magmatic structures can be divided into three main types, namely the simple vertical combination type, the spread arch magmatic struc-ture and the arch-bouquet structure. All of them correlate to mantle-origin magmatism, but occur in different places. The spread arch magmatic structures occur within a Mesozoic/Cenozoic rift zone with very thin and hot lithosphere. The vertical combination type of the multi-arch structures occurred near the rift zones where lithosphere was thin and hot. The arch-bouquet magmatic structures occur far from the rift zones where the lithosphere is not hot. The continental rifting acted as the late episode of the lithospheric thinning process seeing that the rift zones usually coincide with the thinnest parts of the lithosphere in East China. In different locations within the lithospheric thinning areas, mantle-origin magmatic activities have different characteristics, which might generate different

关键词： deep seismic reflection, multi-arch structure, eclogite bodies, mantle-origin magmatism, East China.

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Depositional characteristics and petroleum geological significance of wetland

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petroleum Science 2009年第4期6卷 347-353页

作者： Jin Zhenkui Gu Junfeng Su Nina Wang Zhaofeng Huang Xiaoping State Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Resources and exploration China University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China research institute of {2. exploration and development Xinjiang Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaKaramayXinjiang 834000China

Wetland is a new type of sedimentary facies proposed for the first time in this paper. It is a type of sedimentary environment, transitional between land facies and water (sea or lake) facies. In this paper, wetland is redefined as “a type of sedimentary environments whose ground surface is flat and wet throughout the year, which may be covered with very shallow water (less than 2.m deep), and is covered with lush plant growth”. Wetland is reclassified into two types, swamp wetland (swamp in brief) and wet plain wetland (wet plain in brief). Swamp deposits are coal, while wet plain deposits are dark colored mudstones or silty mudstones rich in plant fossils and carbon debris. The deposits of wet plain are different from those of lake and floodplain in the abundance of plant fossils, color, resistivity well logging curve, and other sedimentary characteristics. In boreholes, resistivity logging can be used to distinguish between wet plain mudstones and lake mudstones. Understanding the sedimentary characteristics of wet plain wetland can help to identify wet plain deposits which were formerly classified as floodplain or lake deposits. This will help to reconstruct the palaeogeography and to understand the history of basin and climate evolution accurately, and is especially important in evaluation of the hydrocarbon generating potential of a basin. With the Jurassic Sangonghe Formation of the Yanqi Basin as an example, the identification characteristics of wetland are described.

关键词： Wetland wet plain Yanqi Basin Sangonghe Formation of Jurassic braided river delta

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Formation　of　the　Central－Asia　Coal－Formed　Gas　Accumulation　Domain　and　its 　Source　Rocks──Series　Study　Ⅰ　on　the　Central－Asia　Coal－formed　Gas　Accumulation　Domain

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石油勘探与开发 1995年第3期 117-124页

作者： Dai Jin-xing He Bin Sun Yong-xiang Li Peng-ju Li Xian-qi(research institute of {2. exploration and development, CNPC, beijing, 100083.

ＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒａｌ－ＡｓｉａＣｏａｌ－ＦｏｒｍｅｄＧａｓＡｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎＤｏｍａｉｎａｎｄｉｔ８ＳｏｕｒｃｅＲｏｃｋｓ──ＳｅｒｉｅｓＳｔｕｄｙⅠｏｎｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒａｌ－ＡｓｉａＣｏ... 详细信息

ＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒａｌ－ＡｓｉａＣｏａｌ－ＦｏｒｍｅｄＧａｓＡｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎＤｏｍａｉｎａｎｄｉｔ８ＳｏｕｒｃｅＲｏｃｋｓ──ＳｅｒｉｅｓＳｔｕｄｙⅠｏｎｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｒａｌ－ＡｓｉａＣｏａｌ－ｆｏｒｍｅｄＧａｓＡｃｃｕｍ...

关键词： Central-Asia Gas accumulation domain Coal-measure Gas source rocks

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The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2. formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir,China

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Science Bulletin 2007年第S1期 150-163页

作者： ZHU GuangYou, ZHANG ShuiChang & LIANG YingBo research institute of {2. exploration and development, petrochina, beijing 100083. China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2. is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2. concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2. and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2.. Recently, researches show that H2. is only a necessary condition of H2. formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2. and CO2. and the H2. formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2. has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2. preservation are the prerequisite of H2. distribution prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2.-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2.-bearing.

关键词： H2. carbonate rock distribution prediction controlling factors TSR Sichuan Basin

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