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Identification of marine natural gases with different origin sources

Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 148-164页

作者： WANG YunPeng 1 ,ZHAO ChangYi 2.,WANG ZhaoYun 2.,WANG HongJun 2.,TIAN Jin 1 ,ZOU YanRong 1 &LIU JinZhong1 1State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry,Guangzhou institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510640,china 2.0} of Geology,research institute of Petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China institute of Geology Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Beijing 100083

Kinetic experiments of gas generation for typical samples of marine gas precursors including low-maturity kerogen,residual kerogen and oil as well as dispersed liquid hydrocarbon(DLH)in source rocks were performed by closed system,and the evolution trends of molecular and isotopic compositions of natural gases from different precursors against the maturity(R0%)at laboratory conditions were *** diagrams of gas origin were calibrated by using the experimental data.A diagram based on the ratio of normal and isomerous butane and pentane(i/nC4-i/nC5)was proposed and used to identify the origins of the typical marine natural gases in the Sichuan Basin and the Tarim Basin, *** the maturities of natural gases were estimated by using the statistical relationships between the gaseous molecular carbon isotopic data and maturities(δ13C-R 0 %)with different *** results indicate that the molecular and isotopic compositions of simulated gases from different precursors are different from each *** example,the dryness index of the oil-cracking gas is the lowest;the dryness indices of gases from DLH and kerogen in closed system are almost the same;and the dryness index of gases from residual kerogen is extremely high,indicating that the kerogen gases are very dry;the contents of non-hydrocarbon gases in kerogen-cracking gases are far higher than those in oil-cracking and DLH-cracking *** molecular carbon isotopes of oil-cracking gases are the lightest,those of kerogen in closed system and GLH-cracking gases are the second lightest,and those of cracking gases from residual kerogen are the *** calibration results indicate that the diagrams of ln(C1/C2.-ln(C2.C3)andδ13C2.δ13C3-ln(C2.C3)can discriminate primary and secondary cracking gases,but cannot be used to identify gas origin sources,while the diagram of i/nC4-i/nC5 can differentiate the gases from different *** application results of these diagrams show that gas mixtures ext

关键词： marine organic matter gas origin sources kerogen oil-cracking gas origin identification carbon isotope

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Geochemical characteristics and origin of gases from the Upper,Lower Paleozoic and the Mesozoic reservoirs in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 183-194页

作者： HU AnPing 1 ,Li Jian 2.,ZHANG WenZheng 3 ,LI ZhiSheng 2.,HOU Lu 4 &LIU QuanYou 5 1 Department of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 31002.,china 2.Langfang Branch,Reasearch institute of Petroleum {2. and development,petrochina,Langfang 065007,china 3 institute of {2. and development,petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 71002.,china 4 University of Petroleum,Beijing102.49,china 5 petrochina research institute of Petroleum {2. and development,Beijing 100083,china 1. Department of Earth Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China2. Langfang Branch Reasearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChina Langfang 065007 China3. Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company Xi’an 710021 China4. University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China5. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development Beijing 100083 China

The Ordos Basin,the second largest sedimentary basin in china,contains the broad distribution of natural gas *** far,several giant gas fields have been discovered in the Upper and Lower Paleozoic in this basin,each having over 1000×10 8 m 3 of proven gas reserves,and several gas pools have also been discovered in the *** paper collected the data of natural gases and elucidated the geochemical characteristics of gases from different reservoirs,and then discussed their *** hydrocarbons preserved in the Upper Paleozoic,the elevatedδ13C values of methane,ethane and propane indicate that the gases would be mainly coal-formed gases;the singular reversal in the stable carbon isotopes of gaseous alkanes suggests the mixed gases from humic sources with different *** the Lower Paleozoic,theδ13C 1 values are mostly similar with those in the Upper Paleozoic,but theδ13C 2.andδ13C 3 values are slightly lighter,suggesting that the gases would be mixing of coal-type gases as a main member and oil-type *** are multiple reversals in carbon isotopes for gaseous alkanes,especially abnormal reversal for methane and ethane(i.e.δ13C 1 >δ13C 2.),inferring that gases would be mixed between high-mature coal-formed gases and oil-type *** the Mesozoic,the δ13Cvalues for gaseous alkanes are enriched in 12.,indicating that the gases are mainly derived from sapropelic sources;the carbon isotopic reversal for propane and butane in the Mesozoic is caused by microbial oxidation and mixing of gases from sapropelic sources with different *** contrast to the Upper Paleozoic gases,the Mesozoic gases are characterized by heavier carbon isotopes of iso-butane than normal butane,which may be caused by gases generated from different kerogen types. Finally,according toδ13C 1 -Ro relationship and extremely low total organic carbon contents,the Low Paleozoic gases would not be generated from the Ordovician source as a main gas source,bycontrast, the Upper Pale

关键词： Ordos Basin natural gas chemical composition carbon isotope genesis

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Neutron and density logging responses to gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging:Gas reservoirs of sandstone in a western china field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S2期51卷 201-206页

作者： WU WenSheng1,XIAO LiZhi1 & ZHANG LongHai2.1 Resource & Information Department,china University of Petroleum,Beijing 102.49,china {2. institute of Petroleum exploration and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china china Univ Petr Resource & Informat Dept Beijing 102249 Peoples R China petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

Studying the response differences between neutron and density logging of gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging will be of significance in evaluation of gas reservoir under the under-balanced condition and application of logging data. With Monte Carlo simulation technique,the paper obtains the relationship between neutron and density logging measurement and borehole di-ameter,porosity or gas saturation for well-balanced and under-balanced logging. The conclusions show that the response trend of under-balanced logging to gas reservoirs agrees with that of well-balanced logging with small borehole,and under-balanced logging data can be used usually as well-balanced logging data. When borehole diameter is large,under-balanced logging data should be corrected for the influences of borehole.

关键词： under-balanced logging density logging neutron logging gas reservoir response

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An analysis of seismic attenuation in random porous media

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2010年第4期53卷 628-637页

作者： LIU Jiong1, BA Jing2. MA JianWei1 & YANG HuiZhu1 1 institute of Seismic exploration, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, {2. 2.research institute of Petroleum exploration & development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, {2. 1. institute of Seismic exploration School of Aerospace Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China2. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China

The attenuation of seismic wave in rocks has been one of the interesting research topics, but till now no poroelasticity models can thoroughly explain the strong attenuation of wave in rocks. In this paper, a random porous medium model is designed to study the law of wave propagation in complex rocks based on the theory of Biot poroelasticity and the general theory of stochastic process. This model sets the density of grain, porosity, permeability and modulus of frame as random parameters in space, and only one fluid infiltrates in rocks for the sake of better simulation effect in line with real rocks in earth strata. Numerical simulations are implemented. Two different inverse quality factors of fast P-wave are obtained by different methods to assess attenuation through records of virtual detectors in wave field (One is amplitude decay method in time domain and the other is spectral ratio method in frequency domain). Comparing the attenuation results of random porous medium with those of homogeneous porous medium, we conclude that the attenuation of seismic wave of homogeneous porous medium is far weaker than that of random porous medium. In random porous media, the higher heterogeneous level is, the stronger the attenuation becomes, and when heterogeneity σ = 0.15 in simulation, the attenuation result is consistent with that by actual observation. Since the central frequency (50 Hz) of source in numerical simulation is in earthquake band, the numerical results prove that heterogeneous porous structure is one of the important factors causing strong attenuation in real stratum at intermediate and low frequency.

关键词： the theory of stochastic process the theory of Biot poroelasticity the attenuation of seismic wave inverse quality factor

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Characteristics,genesis and accumulation history of natural gas in Hetianhe gasfield,Tarim Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 84-95页

作者： WANG ZhaoMing 1 ,WANG QingHua 1 ,ZHAO MengJun 2.,LI Yong 1 &XU ZhiMing 3 1 Tarim Oilfield Company,petrochina,Kuerle 841000,china {2. institute of Petroleum exploration&development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 3 Southwest Petroleum institute,Nanchong 637001,china petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China petrochina Tarim Oilfield Co Kuerle 841000 Peoples R China SW Petr Inst Nanchong 637001 Peoples R China

Hetianhe gasfield in Bachu region of the Tarim Basin is mainly composed of three reservoir-caprock assembly,namely regional caprock of upper mudstone,middle mudstone and lower mudstone of the Carboniferous and reservoir of Bachu bioclastic limestone,glutenite and the Ordovician carbonate buried *** gas in Hetianhe gasfield sourced from the Cambrian source *** is thought that gases in Ma4 well block in the east of Hetianhe gasfield are mainly crude-oil cracked gases,while those in Ma3 and Ma8 well blocks in the west are the mixture gases of kerogen cracked gases and crude-oil cracked *** gas is rich in H2. and accumulated in multiply stages as the result of *** accumulation history is divided into three stages,namely accumulation and breakage in the late Caledonian-early Hercynian,migration and dissipation in the late Hercynian and accumulation in Himalayan. The main accumulation of reformed gas reservoir is in Himalayan.

关键词： gas characteristics gas genesis accumulation history Hetianhe gasfield Tarim Basin

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Classification and origin of natural gases from Lishui Sag,the East china Sea Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 122-130页

作者： CHEN JianPing 1,2.,GE HePing 3 ,CHEN XiaoDong 3 ,DENG ChunPing 1,2.&LIANG DiGang 1,2.1 research institute of Petroleum {2.&development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 2.Key Lab of Petroleum Geochemistry,CNPC,Beijing 100083,china 3 Shanghai Division,CNOOC,Shanghai 2.0030,china 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. & development PetroChina Beijing 100083 China2. Key Lab of Petroleum Geochemistry CNPC Beijing 100083 China3. Shanghai Division CNOOC Shanghai 200030 China

Natural gases discovered up to now in Lishui Sag,the East china Sea Basin,differ greatly in gaseous compositions,of which hydrocarbon gases amount to 2.―94%while non-hydrocarbon gases are dominated by *** hydrocarbon gases,without exception,contain less than 90%of methane and over 10%of C2.+ heavier hydrocarbons,indicating a wet *** isotopic analyses on these hydrocarbon gases showed thatδ13C 1 ,δ13C 2.andδ13C 3 are basically lighter than-44‰,-2.‰and-2.‰, *** difference in carbon isotopic values between methane and ethane is great,suggesting a biogenic oil-type gas produced by the mixed organic matter at peak generation.δ13C CO2.values of nonhydrocarbon gases are all heavier than-10‰,indicating a typical abiogenic *** simulation experiment on hydrocarbon generation of organic matter in a closed gold-tube system showed that the proportion of methane in natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit is obviously higher than that in natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit,consequently the proportion of heavier hydrocarbons of the former is remarkably lower than that of the ***, δ13C 1 values of natural gases produced by terrigenous organic matter in the Lingfeng Formation marine deposit are about 5‰heavier than those of natural gases derived from the aquatic and terrigenous mixed organic matter in the Yueguifeng Formation lacustrine deposit whileδ13C 2.andδ13C 3 values of the former are over 9‰heavier than those of the *** the LS36-1 oil-gas pool is the only commercial oil-gas reservoir in Lishui Sag,where carbon isotopic compositions of various hydrocarbon components differ greatly from those of natural gases produced by the Lingfeng Formation organic matter but are very similar to those of natural gases derived from the Yueguifeng Formation organic matter,therefore,natural gases in the

关键词： Lishui Sag natural gas biogenesis abiogenesis lacustrine source rock marine source rock coal-measures source rock

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Geological analysis and physical modeling of structural pumping in high effective formation of Kela 2.gas field

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Science china Earth Sciences 2006年第10期49卷 1070-1078页

作者： ZHAO Wenzhi1, WANG Hongjun1, SHAN Jiazeng2. WANG Zecheng1 & XU Dafeng1 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. and development, petrochina, Beijing 100083, china 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10002., china 1. research institute of Petroleum {2. and development Petrochina Beijing 100083 China 2. institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In a 3-D closed geological body, in case “structural expanding” inside is induced by stress, it can produce the pressure difference between the expanding cell and surrounding rock, then generate a pumping force directed toward the cell and accelerate the directional flow of fluid in the strata. The structural style and conditions of gas reservoir-formation in the Kuqa depression are favorable to the structural pumping. According to similarity principle, a physical modeling of structure formation and gas filling process of the Kela 2.gas field has justified the occurrence of structural pumping and its important role in gas-reservoir formation with high efficiency under the compressive and well-sealed circumstance. Therefore, authors propose that structural pumping is an important mechanism of gas reservoir-formation with high efficiency in the Kuqa depression.

关键词： Kela 2 gas field, structural pumping, gas-reservoir formation mechanism, high efficiency,physical modeling.

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Present geotemperature and its suggestion to natural gas generation in Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the northern Songliao Basin

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 207-220页

作者： ZHOU QingHua 1,2.,FENG ZiHui 3 &MEN GuangTian 3 1 research institute of Petroleum {2. and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 2.Geological Logging Subcompany of Daqing Oil Field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163411,china 3 research institute of Petroleum {2. and development of Daqing Oil field Company Ltd.,Daqing 163732.china petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Daqing Oil Field Co Ltd Geol Logging Subco Daqing 163411 Peoples R China Daqing Oil field Co Ltd Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Dacling 163732 Peoples R China

According to stastistic of present geotemperatures at the depths of 1000,2.00,3000 and 4000 m,respectively in the Xujiaweizi fault-depression of the north Songliao Basin,the result indicates that Xujiaweizi fault-depression falls in the high geotemperature area,with the higher geothermal gradient in the depression layer than that in the fault-depression *** geothermal gradient decreases with the increasing of the *** thermal conductivity of rock greatly controls the geothermal *** main factors constraining the current geotemperature include thermal configuration of the earth's crust, deep faults,distribution and abundance of *** high geotemperature is in favour of generation of deep gas.

关键词： Xujiaweizi fault-depression geotemperature geothermal gradient thermal conductivity of rock deep layer natural gas

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Transition from platemargin to intraplate environment: Geochemistry of basalts in Paleogene Liaohe basin, northeastern china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第12期48卷 2069-2080页

作者： WU Changzhi1, GU Lianxing1, REN Zuowei1,2. ZHANG Zunzhong1, CHEN Zhenyan2.& ZHAO Ming1 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit research (Nanjing University), Department of Earth Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 2.0093, china 2. {2. and development research institute of Liaohe Oilfield Branch Company, petrochina, Panjin 12.010, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Mineral Deposit research (Nanjing University) Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing China 2. exploration and development {2. institute of Liaohe Oilfield Branch Company PetroChina 124010 Panjin China

Paleogene basalts from the Liaohe basin, northeastern china, are dominated by alkaline olivine basalts and olivine basalts. These basalts are generally enriched in high field strength elements (HFSE), depleted in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and comparable to those of typical ocean island basalts (OIB). Positive anomalies of Ba, Sr and Zr with high Nb/U, U/Pb, Ce/Pb and Zr/Hf ratios imply that materials from an oceanic crust had been added to the mantle sources of the basalts. In addition, the basalts are generally depleted in Sr, Nd and Pb isotopes, indicating that an enriched mantle (EMI) and a depleted mantle (DM) sources were added to the OIB-like resource. Comprehensive research on lithosphere evolution and tectonic setting of the Liaohe basin and surrounding areas suggests that these basalts were derived by variable degrees of partial melt-ing from an upwelling asthenosphere mantle. Materials from an oceanic lithosphere were added to the source in company with Paleogene tectonic transition from platemargin to intraplate envi-ronment. Retreating and steepening of the subducting Pacific oceanic plate could be the main cause for the tectonic environment transition.

关键词： geochemistry, basalt, Paleogene, Liaohe basin, North china Block, eastern china.

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The components and carbon isotope of the gases in inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Paleozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin,china

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Science china Earth Sciences 2008年第S1期51卷 115-121页

作者： MI JingKui 1 ,DAI JinXing 1 ,ZHANG ShuiChang 1 ,ZHANG WenZheng 2.,GONG Se 1 &LI XianQing 3 1 research institute of Petroleum {2. and development,petrochina,Beijing 100083,china 2.{2. and development research institute of petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company,Xi’an 71002.,china 3 Key Laboratory of Coal Resources,Ministry of Education,china University of Miningand Technology,Beijing 100083,china petrochina Res Inst Petr Explorat & Dev Beijing 100083 Peoples R China petrochina Changqing Oilfield Co Explorat & Dev Res Inst Xian 710021 Peoples R China china Univ Min & Technol Key Lab Coal Resources Minist Educ Beijing 100083 Peoples R China

The components and carbon isotope of gases in inclusions are one of the most important geochemical indexes for gas *** analysis results of the components and carbon isotope of gases from inclusions in reservoir layers of Upper Palaeozoic gas pools in the Ordos Basin show that most inclusions grown in reservoir sandstone are primary *** is only a little difference about the components and carbon isotope between the well gases and the secondary inclusions *** indicated that the epigenetic change of gas pools is *** difference between the well gases and the secondary inclusions gases is caused by two reasons:(i)The well gases come from several disconnected sand bodies buried in a segment of depth,while the inclusion gases come from a point of depth.(ii)The secondary inclusions trapped the gases generated in the former stage of source rock gas generation,and the well gases are the mixed gases generated in all the *** is irresponsible to reconstruct the palaeo-temperature and palaeo-pressure under which the gas pool formed using carbon dioxide inclusions.

关键词： Ordos Basin Upper Paleozoic inclusion gas components carbon isotope

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